ABAP面试问题和答案

1、ABAP面试问题和答案WhatisanABApdatadictionary?-ABAp4datadictionarydescribesthelogicalstructuresoftheobjectsusedinapplicationdevelopmentandshowshowtheyaremappedtotheunderlyingrelationaldatabaseintables/views.Whataredomainsanddataelement?-Domains:Domainisthecentralobjectfordescribingthetechnicalcharacteristic

2、sofanattributeofanbusinessobjects.Itdescribesthevaluerangeofthefield.DataElement:Itisusedtodescribethesemanticdefinitionofthetablefieldslikedescriptionthefield.Dataelementdescribeshowafieldcanbedisplayedtoend-user.Whatisforeignkeyrelationship?-Arelationshipwhichcanbedefinedbetweentablesandmustbeexpl

3、icitlydefinedatfieldlevel.Foreignkeysareusedtoensuretheconsistencyofdata.Dataenteredshouldbecheckedagainstexistingdatatoensurethattherearenowcontradiction.Whiledefiningforeignkeyrelationshipcardinalityhastobespecified.Cardinalitymentionshowmanydependentrecordsorhowreferencedrecordsarepossible.Descri

4、bedataclasses.-Masterdata:Itisthedatawhichisseldomlychanged.Transactiondata:Itisthedatawhichisoftenchanged.Organizationdata:Itisacustomizingdatawhichisenteredinthesystemwhenthesystemisconfiguredandisthenrarelychanged.Systemdata:ItisthedatawhichR/3systemneedsforitself.Whatareindexes?-Indexesaredescri

5、bedasacopyofadatabasetablereducedtospecificfields.Thisdataexistsinsortedform.Thissortingformeasefastaccesstothefieldofthetables.Inorderthatotherfieldsarealsoread,apointertotheassociatedrecordoftheactualtableareincludedintheindex.Yheindexesareactivatedalongwiththetableandarecreatedautomaticallywithit

6、inthedatabase.Differencebetweentransparenttablesandpooledtables.-Transparenttables:Transparenttablesinthedictionaryhasaone-to-onerelationwiththetableindatabase.Itsstructurecorrespondstosingledatabasefield.Tableinthedatabasehasthesamenameasinthedictionary.Transparenttableholdsapplicationdata.pooledta

7、bles.pooledtablesinthedictionaryhasamany-to-onerelationwiththetableindatabase.Tableinthedatabasehasthedifferentnameasinthedictionary.pooledtablearestoredintablepoolatthedatabaselevel.WhatisanABAp/4Query?-ABAp/4Queryisapowerfultooltogeneratesimplereportswithoutanycoding.ABAp/4Querycangeneratethefollo

8、wing3simplereports:BasicList:Itisthesimplereports.Statistics:ReportswithstatisticalfunctionslikeAverage,percentages.RankedLists:Foranalyticalreports.-ForcreatingaABAp/4Query,programmerhastocreateusergroupandafunctionalgroup.Functionalgroupcanbecreatedusingwithorwithoutlogicaldatabasetable.Finally,as

9、signusergrouptofunctionalgroup.Finally,createaqueryonthefunctionalgroupgenerated.WhatisBDCprogramming?-Transferringoflarge/external/legacydataintoSApsystemusingBatchInputprogramming.BatchinputisaautomaticprocedurereferredtoasBDC(BatchDataCommunications).Thecentralcomponentofthetransferisaqueuefilewh

10、ichreceivesthedatavieabatchinputprogramsandgroupsassociateddatainto“sessions.WhatarethefunctionalmodulesusedinsequenceinBDC?-Thesearethe3functionalmoduleswhichareusedinasequencetoperformadatatransfersuccessfullyusingBDCprogramming:BDC_OpEN_GROUp-parameterslikeNameoftheclient,sessionsandusernamearesp

11、ecifiedinthisfunctionalmodules.BDC_INSERT-Itisusedtothedataforonetransactionintoasession.BDC_CLOSE_GROUp-Thisisusedtoclosethebatchinputsession.Whatareinternaltables?-Internaltablesareastandarddatatypeobjectwhichexistsonlyduringtheruntimeoftheprogram.Theyareusedtoperformtablecalculationsonsubsetsofda

12、tabasetablesandforre-organisingthecontentsofdatabasetablesaccordingtousersneed.WhatisITS?WhatarethemeritsofITS?-ITSisaInternetTransactionServer.ITSformsaninterfacebetweenHTTpserverandR/3system,whichconvertsscreenprovideddatabytheR/3systemintoHTMLdocumentsandvice-versa.MeritsofITS:Acompletewebtransac

13、tioncanbedevelopedandtestedinR/3system.Alltransactioncomponents,includingthoseusedbytheITSoutsidetheR/3systematruntime,canbestoredintheR/3system.TheadvantageofautomaticlanguageprocessingintheR/3systemcanbeutilizedtolanguage-dependentHTMLdocumentsatruntime.WhatisDynpro?-DynproisaDynamicprogrammingwhi

14、chisacombinationofscreenandtheassociatedflowlogicScreenisalsocalledasDynpro.Whatarescreenpainterandmenupainter?-Screenpainter:Screenpainterisatooltodesignandmaintainscreenanditselements.ItallowsusertocreateGUIscreensforthetransactions.Attributes,layout,filedattributesandflowlogicaretheelementsofScre

15、enpainter.Menupainter:Menupainterisatooltodesigntheinterfacecomponents.Status,menubars,menulists,F-keysettings,functionsandtitlesarethecomponentsofMenupainters.ScreenpainterandmenupainterbotharethegraphicalinterfaceofanABAp/4applications.WhatarethecomponentsofSApscripts?-SApscriptsisawordprocessingt

16、oolofSApwhichhasthefollowingcomponents:Standardtext.Itislikeastandardnormaldocuments.Layoutsets.-Layoutsetconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:Windowsandpages,paragraphformats,Characterformats.CreatingformsintheR/3system.EverylayoutsetconsistsofHeader,paragraph,andcharacterstring.ABAp/4program.WhatisALV

17、programminginABAp?WhenisthisgridusedinABAp?-ALVisApplicationListviewer.SapprovidesasetofALV(ABApLISTVIEWER)functionmoduleswhichcanbeputintousetoembellishtheoutputofareport.ThissetofALVfunctionsisusedtoenhancethereadabilityandfunctionalityofanyreportoutput.Casesariseinsapwhentheoutputofareportcontain

18、scolumnsextendingmorethan255charactersinlength.Insuchcases,thissetofALVfunctionscanhelpchooseselectedcolumnsandarrangethedifferentcolumnsfromareportoutputandalsosavedifferentvariantsforreportdisplay.Thisisaveryefficienttoolfordynamicallysortingandarrangingthecolumnsfromareportoutput.Thereportoutputc

19、ancontainupto90columnsinthedisplaywiththewidearrayofdisplayoptions.WhataretheeventsinABAp/4language?-Initialization,Atselection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of,end-of,Atline-selection,Atuser-command,AtpF,Get,AtNew,AtLAST,ATEND,ATFIRST.WhatisCTSandwhatdoyouknowaboutit?-TheChangeandT

20、ransportSystem(CTS)isatoolthathelpsyoutoorganizedevelopmentprojectsintheABApWorkbenchandinCustomizing,andthentransportthechangesbetweentheSApSystemsandclientsinyoursystemlandscape.ThisdocumentationprovidesyouwithanoverviewofhowtomanagechangeswiththeCTSandessentialinformationonsettingupyoursystemandc

21、lientlandscapeanddecidingonatransportstrategy.Readandfollowthisdocumentationwhenplanningyourdevelopmentproject.Whatarelogicaldatabases?Whataretheadvantages/dis-advantagesoflogicaldatabases?-Toreaddatafromadatabasetablesweuselogicaldatabase.Alogicaldatabaseprovidesread-onlyaccesstoagroupofrelatedtabl

22、estoanABAp/4program.Advantages:i)checkfunctionswhichcheckthatuserinputiscomplete,correct,andplausible.ii)Meaningfuldataselection.iii)centralauthorizationchecksfordatabaseaccesses.iv)goodreadaccessperformancewhileretainingthehierarchicaldataviewdeterminedbytheapplicationlogic.disadvantages:i)Ifyoudon

23、otspecifyalogicaldatabaseintheprogramattributes,theGETeventsneveroccur.ii)ThereisnoENDGETcommand,sothecodeblockassociatedwithaneventendswiththenexteventstatement(suchasanotherGEToranEND-OF-SELECTION).Whatisabatchinputsession?-BATCHINpUTSESSIONisanintermediatestepbetweeninternaltableanddatabasetable.

24、Dataalongwiththeactionisstoredinsessioniedataforscreenfields,towhichscreenitispassed,programnamebehindit,andhownextscreenisprocessed.HowtouploaddatausingCATT?-ThesearethestepstobefollowedtoUploaddatathroughCATT:CreationoftheCATTtestcaserecordingthesledatainput.Downloadofthesourcefiletemplate.Modific

25、ationofthesourcefile.Uploadofthedatafromthesourcefile.WhatisSmartForms?-SmartFormsallowsyoutocreateformsusingagraphicaldesigntoolwithrobustfunctionality,color,andmore.Additionally,allnewformsdevelopedatSApwillbecreatedwiththenewSmartFormsolution.HowcanImakeadifferentiationbetweendependentandindepend

26、entdata?-Clientdependentorindependenttransferrequirementsincludeclientspecificorcrossclientobjectsinthechangerequests.WorkbenchobjectslikeSApscriptsareclientspecific,someentriesincustomizingareclientindependent.Ifyoudisplaytheobjectlistforonechangerequest,andthenforeachobjecttheobjectattributes,youw

27、illfindtheflagclientspecific.Ifoneobjectinthetasklisthasthisflagon,thenthattransportwillbeclientdependent.Whatisthedifferencebetweenmacroandsubroutine?-Macroscanonlybeusedintheprogramthearedefinedinandonlyafterthedefinitionareexpandedatcompilation/generation.Subroutines(FORM)canbecalledfromboththepr

28、ogramthearedefinedinandotherprograms.AMACROismoreorlessanabbreviationforsomelinesofcodethatareusedmorethanonceortwice.AFORMisalocalsubroutine(whichcanbecalledexternal).AFUNCTIONis(moreorless)asubroutinethatiscalledexternal.SincedebuggingaMACROisnotreallypossible,preventtheuseofthem(Iveneverusedthem,

29、butseentheminaction).Ifthesubroutineisusedonlylocal(calledinternal)useaFORM.Ifthesubroutineiscalledexternal(usedbymorethanoneprogram)useaFUNCTION.1.Canwewritethecodebothcalltransactionandsessionmethodinsingleprogram?Ans.Yesitispossibletowritecalltransactionandsessioninoneprogram.2.WhichBDCyouprefer?

30、Ans.Ifwewanttotransferlargeamountofdataandwhenweneedtousemorethanonetransactioncodeweprefersessionmethod.Forsmallorlessamountofdataandforsingletransactionusecalltransaction. (ThisismoregenricanswerbutyoucanaddmoreontothisifyouhaveworkedonBDC)3.WhenupreferLSMW?Ans.WhenweneedtomediumamountofdataweuseL

31、SMW.LSMWisalsousedwhenthepersonlikefunctionalconsultanthaslessprogramminglanguage.5.Differencebetween.includeand.append?Ans.Includestructureallowstoaddoneormorestructureintostructureortable.Alsoplacedpositioninganywhere.Upto6includestructurecanbeusedinatable.Appendstructurecanbeplacedonlyattheendofa

32、structureortablewhichalsostopsfurtherionoffields.Onlyoneappendstructurecanbeused6.preformancetechniquesAns.1.Thesequenceoffieldsmustbesameasperdatabasetable2.Duringwritingselectquerywriteallfieldsinsequenceasperdatabasetable.3.Neverwriteselectstatementsinsideloop.endloop.4.Usest05SQLtrace,se30runtim

33、eanalysis,codeinspector,slin,etc.5.Useselectsingle*statementinsteadofselect*6.Alwaysuseprimarykey7.Usebinarysearchbutbeforeusingbinarysearchsortthattable.7.Howtodebugsapscripts?Ans.Twowaystodebugsapscript.firstwayisgotoSE71andfrommenubarselectUtilities-activatedebugger.thengotoSE38executetheprintpro

34、gram,itautomaticallygoestodebuggingmode.theotherwayis,runtheprogramRSTXDBUGinse38.executeit.amessagewillshowthatdebuggerisactivated.nowopentheprintprograminse38uvllnoticethattheprintprgmisautomaticallydivertedtodebuggingmode.8.Whatispartnerselection?Ans.ThisconceptismainlyusedinIDOCwhereuselectthepa

35、rtnerprofileusingTcodeWe20.withTcodeSM59youcreateRFC(remotefunctioncall)tocreatecommunicationlinktoaremotesystem.10.Whatisoccursininternaltable?Ans.OccursadditiontotheDeclarationwillgiveinitialsizetothattable.occurstatementallocates8kbofmemorytotheinternaltable.11.Whatispagewindow?Ans:pagewindowisno

36、thingbutacontainerofapage,whichuniquelyidentifiesasetofdataforexlewhilecreatinginvoicewecreatelogowindow,billingdocumentheaderwindow,customerwindow,termsandconditionwindowetc12.Whatisthedifferencebetweenscrollingatablehorizontallyandvertically.?Ans:Intablecontrolwhenyouscrollatableverticallypresenta

37、tionserverneedstocallapplicationservertofetchthenextrecordanddisplayinthetablewhileincaseofhorizontalscrollthereisnoneedtocallapplicationserver.13.WhatareFieldGroups?Ans:Agroupthatcombinesseveralfieldsfewerthanonename,atruntime,theINSERTcommandisusedtodefinewhichdatafieldsareassignedtowhichfieldgrou

38、parecalledFieldGroups.ItshouldalwaysbeaHEADERfieldgroupthatdefineshowtheextracteddatawillbesorted;thefieldsgroupedundertheHEADERfieldgroupsortthedata.14.ListtheeventsinABAp/4Language?Ans:TheeventsinABAp/4areloadofprogram,Initialization,SelectionScreen,StartofSelection,EndofSelection,Topofpage,Linese

39、lection,Usercommand,End,First.15.HowthevalueswillbepassedtoRFCFunctionmodulepassbyValueorpassbyreference?Ans:alwayspassbyValue.RFCisRemoteFunctioncallsoitcantaccessthevalueswithpassbyreference.16.Bufferingconceptusage?Ans:Therearethreetypeofbuffer1singlerecord2genericbuffer3fullbufferBufferingisusef

40、orimproveperformance.itimprovesperformance10to100timesmore17.Selectupto1rowandselectsingledifference?Ans:Selectsinglefetchesfirstmatchingrecord.Ifmorethanonematchingrecordsaretherethenonlythefirstmatchingrecordwillbeconsideredotherrecordswillnotbetakenintoaccount.Whereasselectupto1rowswillfetchallth

41、ematchingrecordsfromthedatabase.(AgainitwillassignonlyOneRecordtotheinternaltable/Workarea)18.Whatarethedifferentbufferingmethods?TherearetwodifferentbufferingmethodsThesystemensuresthatdatatransferbetweentheR/3Systemandthedatabasesystemisasefficientaspossible.Todothis,itusesthefollowingtechniques:T

42、ablebuffering:Theprogramaccessesdatafromthebufferoftheapplicationserver.Databaserequestbuffering:IndividualdatabaseentriesarenotreadorpassedtothedatabaseuntilrequiredbyanOpENSQLstatement.19.Differenttypesoflocks?vReadlock(sharedlock)protectsreadaccesstoanobject.Thereadlockallowsothertransactionsread

43、accessbutnotwriteaccesstothelockedareaofthetable.voWritelock(exclusivelock)protectswriteaccesstoanobject.Thewritelockallowsothertransactionsneitherreadnorwriteaccesstothelockedareaofthetable.voEnhancedwritelock(exclusivelockwithoutcumulation)Workslikeawritelockexceptthattheenhancedwritelockalsoprote

44、ctsfromfurtheraccessesfromthesametransaction.20.CHAINENDCHAIN?Ans:ChainandendchainareusedformultiplefieldvalidationinModulepoolprogramming.Itiswritteninsidethescreenflowlogic.21.HowtoDebugRFCFunctionmodule?Ans:SE38-Utilities-Settings-ABApEditor-DebuggingActivatetheexternaldebuggingandchoosetheNewDeb

45、uggeroptioninABApdebugger.Gototheparticularplaceinthecodeandputbreakpoint,popwillappearthenchoosetheHTTpbreakpoint.IfyouaretriggeringtheRFCfromSApportalmakesurethatboththeuserIDshouldbesameIftheusersaredifferentthenprovidetheXI/portalUserIDintheusersfield.22.Whysapscriptsareclientdependentandsmartfo

46、rmsareclientindependent.?Ans-:SmartformscreateitsownfunctionmodulesoitdoesntneedtotransporttherequestthroughSCC1.AsalltheDevelopmentObjectarestoredinclientindependenttables.WhereasScriptdoesntgenerateanyfunctionmodulewhileexecutingsoweneedtotransporttherequestnumberthroughSCC1.Sapscriptisstroedinsid

47、etheclientdependedtableasaTEXT.sosapscriptsareclientdependentandsmartformsareclientindependent.23.DifferencebetweenuserexitandBADIs?Ans:UserexitisforsingleimplementationanditisproceduralapproachwhileBADIsareformultipleimplementationandobjectorientedapproach.MultipleimplementationmeansReusabilitybeca

48、useweuseOOpsConceptsforBADI.24.ControlbreakeventsinABAp:-1.AT-FIRST:Thisisusedwhenwewanttoexecutethestatementsbeforerecordsareprocessed.2.AT-LAST:Thiseventisusedwhenwewanttoexecutethestatementsafterallrecordsareprocessed.3.AT-NEW:Thiseventisusedwhenwewanttoexecutethestatementbeforegroupofrecordsarep

49、rocessed.4.AT-END:Thiseventisusedwhenwewanttoexecutethestatementsafterprocessingofgroupofrecords.25.Iamuploading100recordsoutofwhichsay59threcordhaserrorsowhatwillhappenifiamusingsynchronousorasynchronousmethodofBDC?Canwethedatabaseusinglocalmodehow?26.Supposeiamwritingfollowingcodethenwhatwillbeout

50、put?LOAD-OF-pROGRAM.WRITE:/HELLO.Ans:HELLO(ExplaintheimportanceofLOAD-OF-pROGRAMEvent.IfyoudontknowTelltheinterviewerasthiseventisusedinsuchcaseswhenyouwanttoclearsumbuffersorsomethingBeforecallingthatprogram)27.WhatisTMG?Ans.TMGstandsforTableMaintenancegenerator.Itisatoolavailableinabapbywhichwecan

51、addormultiplerecordsatatimeanditisexecutedortriggeredbythetransactioncodeSM30.28.Differencebetweenselectoptionandranges?Ans.ThemaindifferencebetweenselectoptionandrangesisthatrangesimplicitlyorautomaticallycreatesinternaltablewithfieldslikeOpTION,LOW,HIGH,SIGN,etc.Whereasincaseofselectoptionwehaveto

52、explicitlycreateinternaltable.Whenudeclaresaselectoptionsitwillimplicitlydeclareaninternaltable(ranges)foryou.WhileusingRANGESsyntaxucandeclareinternaltableexplicitly.Theonlyneedofdeclaringrangesiswhenyournottakinginputfromtheuserbutyouwantmakelimitbasedselectionatthattimeitwillbeusefulle.g.SELECT*f

53、rom*whereMATNRinval_range.hereucanuseselect-optionorranges:val_range.29.isitpossibletobringselectoptioninmodulepoolscreens?Ans.CreateaSELECT-OpTIONSinmodulepoolscreenusingtwomethodsasshown.Method1:a)Createasubscreenareainyourscreenlayoutwhereyouwanttocreatetheselectoptions.b)Inthetopincludeofyourmod

54、ulepoolprogramdeclareaselectionscreenasasubscreene.g.SELECTION-SCREENBEGINOFSCREEN100ASSUBSCREEN.select-optionss_matnrformara-matnr.SELECTION-SCREENENDOFSCREEN.c)InthepBOandpAIofthemainscreenwheretheselectoptionsneedstobecreateddoacallsubscreenoftheabovescreen(100).CALLSUBCREENsub_areaINCLUDINGprogr

55、amscreenThisCALLSUBSCREENstatementisnecessaryfortransportofvaluesbetweenscreenandprogram.Note:Allvalidationsoftheselectionscreenfieldse.g.thes_matnrfieldcreatedaboveshouldbedoneinselectionscreeneventslikeATSELECTION-SCREENetcandnotinpAI.Theseselectionscreenvalidationsetcshouldbedoneinthetopincludeon

56、ly.Method2:a)Create2separatefieldsinyourscreenlayout-oneforthelowvalueandoneforthehighvalue.Insertaniconbesidethehighvaluewhichwillcallthemultipleselectionspopupscreenonusercommand.UsefunctionmoduleCOMpLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOGtoachievethis.continuedstruc_tab_and_field-fieldname=con_cust.KUNNRstruc_tab_

57、and_field-tablename=con_kna1.KNA1.CALLFUNCTIONCOMpLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOGEXpORTING*TITLE=text=g_titl1Customerstab_and_field=struc_tab_and_fieldTABLESRANGE=rng_kunnrEXCEpTIONSNO_RANGE_TAB=1CANCELLED=2INTERNAL_ERROR=3INVALID_FIELDNAME=4OTHERS=5.IFNOTrng_kunnrISINITIAL.*Readtheveryfirstentryoftherangetab

58、leandpassit*dynproscreenfield*READTABLErng_kunnrINDEX1.IFsy-subrc=0.g_cust=rng_kunnr-low.ENDIF.ENDIF.Youcanusethereturntablerng_kunnrtopopulateyourowninternalrangetablewiththevaluesenteredbytheuser.Basicallyhereyouarejustsimulatingtheworkofaselect-optionsparameterbymodulepoolscreenelements.30.howwec

59、anretrivedatausingsecondaryindex.explainwithsimpleexleAns:Firstcreatesecondaryindexesonrequiredfieldsofaparticulardatabasetable.Wecancreateoneprimaryindexand15secondaryindexes.Oncetherespectivesecondaryindexesarecreatedwriteselectqueriesandwithinselectqueriesspecifysecondaryindexesfieldnamewithwhere

60、clause.31.HowcanwehandletablecontrolinBDC?Ans.WecanhandletablecontrolusinglineindexLineindexindicateswhichlineofTablecontrolistobeuseforBDCtransactionEx-performbdc_fieldusingRC29K-AUSKZ(01)Indicates1stlineoftablecontrolisgoingtobeusedfortransactionwhichisLineindexofTableControl32.IfiwanttoexecuteaBD