瞭解电池种类及特性

1、2004/08/29Weng2004/08/29Weng瞭解雷池毛重及特性:雷池的重Disposal batteries: 一次雷池(primary cell )僵能被使用一次的雷池照法透遏充雷的方式再*甫充已被化掉的化孥能，故彳胃舄一次雷池。 此雷池常见的有乾雷池、水金艮雷池典性雷池等。Lithium batteriesZinc carbon Dry cell batteries (Zinc carbon and zinc chloride)剑乾耄池 15V即常见的乾蠢也或碳金辛蠢也，以金辛舄隔匡酬亟剧舄碳棒加上活性物二氧化氤雷解由 氯化、氯化金辛、)殿粉等角且成。在25CB寺可以提供1.5

2、V左右的雷摩值。此重雷池的畿展相富的 早，的在1862年由法阈人G. Lechance所畿明；堇隹然畿展的早，但因舄具有格便宜、裂造容 易、自放雷率低、高重量能量比(5080 Wh/Kg )及擂带方便的慢势；所以在一次雷池中，仍然 是走量最高、用途最腐的一重。俺管技彳桁畿展已久，但遢是有功率遏小的缺黑&使得重雷池亚不遒用於大雷流的放雷；此 外，放雷遏程中也有著雷摩不穗的冏题。金辛金孟乾雷池的路BK因舄信者存畤的辰短及酬亟二 氧化金孟的性不同(有雷解二氧化金孟、天然二氧化金孟等)而改，H大概在1.501.80V之 凯如果所使用的是雷解的二氧化氤因舄度以及活性重交高的蒯系，可以提昇蠢也的雷摩典雷

3、容量。Alkaline Dry cell batteries (Alkaline manganese) 性耄池 1.5VButton Cell:Mercurie oxide 剑汞零池即常见的水导艮雷池因舄雷解液舄海愈性故屠於性雷池常见的形状除细扣型外亦有圆筒型。 檀使用90%的金辛粉典10%的汞裂成，正檀剧舄8095%的氧化汞典515%的石墨角且成， 雷解液是3540%的氢氧化金甲溶液。此雷池放雷平穗、路雷摩也非常穗定、易保存且有相富高的髓稹能量比，於25C畤具有1.34V的放SSE。因此，遒用於助聚器或照相檄上。Silver oxide 1.55VZinc air 1.4VLithium m

4、anganese 3VChargeable batteries: 二次雷池 (secondary battery )二次蠢也所指的就是可以被重复使用的蠢也。透遏充雷的遏程，可以使得蠢也内的活性物 再度的回彳复到原来的状熊，因而能再度的提供雷力。Secondary lithium battery 二次鲤耄池Lithium ion batteries 鲤雕子耄池 3.7V金里雕子雷池以鲤常古氧化物、鲤金孟氧化物、鲤金臬氧化物等作舄陛檀活性材料，在陪檀材料的部 分剧舄碳材料，雷解也有多彳重可能：LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4等，雷解液舄PC典EC舄主。 雷摩可建到3.6V，而能量密度舄2503

5、00 Wh/L(或 90110 Wh/kg)。雷池具有相富高的能量密度 及工作雷摩，再加上辰循璘嘉命典重交照言己噫效雁的特，性，使得里雕子二次雷池估有率日益上升。 但其成本遏高，遏充、放雷畤有安全麒感而需保迥路等冏题仍是需要克服的缺黑&Polymer lithium battery 高分子里雷池高分子里雕子雷池以高分子雷解取代液熊里雕子雷池所使用的是有檄雷解液，以避免彳爰者 容易撞畿燃焕典造成漏液的现象，使得高分子里雷池有更佳的安全性。是是因舄此彳重高分子雷解 ，方面可以作舄僖雕子的媒介、一方面又可以作舄隔雕膜使用，再加上典里金屠的反雁性 低，所以在安全性方面受到的疑重交小，也因此受到腐泛的研

6、究典畿。在分上，高分子里雕 子雷池因所使用的高分子雷解有不同而有完全固熊的固熊高分子雷解典加入可塑蒯的膝熊高 分子雷解KWoNickel metal hydride batteries 臬氢耄池 1.2V臬氢雷池典臬雷池所使用的陛檀材料典雷解液相同，都是以氢氧化臬舄陛檀活性材料，雷 解液是以水及雷解K KOH角且成。但臬氢雷池的陪檀活性物K剧是信者氢合金。所能提供的雷摩的 舄1.2 V，具有不导昔的能量密度(5060 Wh/kg或250300 Wh/L )，以及良好的循璘嘉命。因 舄所使用的陪檀活性物K不含鬲所以不畲像臬雷池有污染的冏题。但臬氢雷池在高温下效 能重交差，且在一般使用上有自放雷率

7、高及言己噫效雁的冏题。Nickel cadmium batteries 臬置池 1.2V臬雷池是以氢氧化臬舄正檀活性材料，檀使用的是海状的ffi，B解K舄koh，雷解液 舄水。雷摩值舄1.2V，髓稹能量密度的舄130200可田重量能量密度剧是在4050 Wh/kg 。因舄畿展已久，成本重交低；再加上循璘嘉命辰建20004000次，以及大雷流放雷的特性、遒 用温度HS、自放雷率小等的彳戮占所以估有率原高。不遏受到言己噫效雁的影馨效能畲随充放 雷次敷增加而下降。金臬雷池的市埸估有率在敷年前相富的高，但受到璘保意抬的影警，有 污染疑虑的臬雷池估有率已逐年下降。Lead-acid batteries

8、酸零池金辛金孟乾雷池的保存相富重要，若放置於高温潮海的璘境中，畲使得陛檀的金辛走生腐食虫而逵一 步的造成重的自放雷情形。此外，金辛金孟乾雷池的密封良好度也相富重要；倘若密封情形不佳， 雷解液中的水分ss掉，使得雷池照法放雷，另一方面也可能因舄氧的入雷池而造成自放 雷率加虞U。 HYPERLINK http:/www.gpbatteries.co.uk/home.htm http:/www.gpbatteries.co.uk/home.htm HYPERLINK .hk/html/techinfo/index.htmlhttp:/www.batteriesplus.co.uk/acatalog/

9、Batteries .hk/html/techinfo/index.htmlhttp:/www.batteriesplus.co.uk/acatalog/Batteries Plus Domestic Batteries 1.html HYPERLINK / / HYPERLINK http:/www.panasonic.co.jp/mbi/products/en/index.html http:/www.panasonic.co.jp/mbi/products/en/index.htmlLithium-ion BatteriesLithium-ion batteries are the ne

10、west technology batteries and offer several advantages over NiMH and NiCd batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are preferred for their lighter weight and higher performance. Lithium-ion batteries are typically 20-35% lighter and will provide 10-20% better performance than a NiMH battery of equivalent mA

11、h rating. Lithium-ion batteries are also unique in that they are not susceptible to the memory effect.A new Lithium-ion battery will benefit from an initial conditioning of the battery. For the first 3 charge cycles, fully charge the battery overnight and allow it to fully discharge before rechargin

12、g. Once conditioned, Lithium-ion batteries will perform best when charged at a rate somewhere between a conventional slow charge and a rapid charge. When rapid charging, Lithium-ion batteries require a charger designed to charge Lithium batteries. To achieve a true full charge when rapid charging, t

13、he battery needs to be slow charged the last 10-15% of its charge cycle. Most intelligent desktop and Lithium-battery rapid chargers provide this capability. A Lithium-ion battery may be damaged by extensive overcharging (continuously on a charger for more than 24 hours).Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)

14、BatteriesNiMH batteries typically provide at least 30% more talk time than NiCd batteries. While still susceptible to the memory effect, NiMH batteries are much less prone to this condition than the older technology NiCd batteries. Proper conditioning of a NiMH battery over its lifetime will greatly

15、 reduce the potential negative impacts of memory effect. This can be done by ensuring the battery is fully discharged before recharging at least once in every 3-5 charge cycles.It is very important to properly condition a new NiMH battery. For the first 3 charge cycles, fully charge the battery over

16、night (preferably on a conventional slow charger) and allow it to fully discharge before recharging. Over its lifetime, a NiMH battery will perform best if it is regularly charged on a charger/conditioner type charger. A NiMH battery may be damaged by extensive overcharging (continuously on a charge

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20、rhimn. Int-gePoieaiallv 血 zar 曲 ns - forreactivn_?RecychtleNoinecaareableLnne= more ibaii 9ifhazarluiis.;ya: te col?: DOCSZinc AirNonlLiizardcusNoarecvclnLieNaiLrecaarenbleUwiialR butt on lizeNickel Metal Hydride Standard SeriesGP ModelCell SizeNominal Voltage (V)Capacity (0.2C discharge)Nominal Dim

21、ensionWt (g)Standard Charge1 Hr Charge Current (mA)Minimum (mAh)Typical (mAh)Dia (mm)Ht (mm)Current (mA)Time (hr)GP55AAAH*AAA1.255057810.543.7135516550GP60AAAH*AAA1.260063010.543.7136016600GP60AAMAA1.260063014.448.2156016600GP130AAM*AA1.21300134014.448.225130161300GP36NHN1.236038011.6529.48.63616360

22、GP220SCH*Sub-C1.222002420234355220162200GP300SCHESub-C1.230003150234359300163000GP450DHD1.245004725336013045016Not ApplicableNickel Cadmium Standard SeriesGP ModelCell SizeNominal Voltage (V)Capacity (0.2C discharge)Nominal DimensionWt (g)Standard Charge1 Hr Charge Current (mA)Minimum (mAh)Typical (

23、mAh)Dia (mm)Ht (mm)Current (mA)Time (hr)GP30AAAKAAA1.230032010.543.710.53016300GP35AAAKAAA1.235037010.543.7123516350GP60AAS*AA1.260066014.448.2196016600GP70AAS*AA1.270077014.448.2217016700GP80AAS*AA1.280085014.448.2218016800GP100AAS*AA1.21000103014.448.226.5100161000GP23NKN1.223025012308.52316230GP1

24、30SCKSub-C1.213001430234344.5130161300GP160SCK*Sub-C1.216001760234347160161600Silver Oxide ButtonGPVoltageNominalDimensionCross ReferenceModel(V)Capacity (mAh)Dia (mm)Ht (mm)IECJISEVEREADYVARTADURACELLSONYGP3011.5512011.64.2SR43SR43301V301D301SR43SW43 E iu.SC3006OJ43 E iu.SC3006OJ自直12jC150 0Service

25、-loursLad resistor 15kQAve rnge S&rx/i Ave rnge S&rx/i ca Capcily:120 mAh (rated capacity aH5心 load.culcTT TOltage 1.2Vat20C)Close dr-cuit vahage:1.40 Vo Its (min.) (load resistor 2kiz at20 C for 1 to 2 seconds)Type/SizeLoad(Ohm)LifeCut-off VoltageIndexZinc/Carbone-D3.98.2 H0.9VZinc/Carbone-C3.9266 Min.0.9VZinc/Carbone-AA10255 Min.0.9VZinc/Carbone-AAA15210 Min.0.9VZinc/Carbone-9V62024H5.4 V2H/Day1806H4.8V30Min/DayAlkaline-D2.218.5 H0.9VAlkaline-C3.918 H0.9VAlkaline-AA1017 H0.9VAlkaline-AAA10460 Min.0.9VAlkaline-9V62045 H5.4 V2H/Day18012.5