初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解练习

1、英语语法主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“近原”“就近一致原”(Proximity），即：与凑近的名、代（有不用然是主）在“人称、数”上一致。在正式文体中：1.由以下接的并列主：therebe句型;or;either；nor;neithernor；whetheror；notbut;notonlybutalso等;。e.g.Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行或言都与我没关。NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没。Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父受。Notonlyyoubut(als

2、o)heiswrong.不你了，他也了。2.在倒装句中：可与后边第一个主一致。e.g.Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在，能听鼓掌声和人的呼喊声。Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔和几本。非正式文体中：有依“就近一致原”，但也可依“意一致原”或格地依“法一致原”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere(意一致)我和他当都不在那处。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（文同上句）（正式）但是，若是依“就

3、近一致原”而与其他两原相矛盾，常常是不太合符范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.他自己的支持者赞成他的意。（依“就近”和“意”一致的原；但法上，“Noone”才是主，要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“法一致”原。英语就近原则短语1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2.neither.nor.Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.3.eit

4、her.or.EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly.butalso.NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.1=NotonlyAnnsparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：aswellas；（together/along）with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；i

5、ncluding；inadditionto；apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特别情况,这些特别情况就是重要考点。本文过昨年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后边与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。Thetea

6、cher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeAlibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedE-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.

7、playNobodybutJane_thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown5.Allbutone_herejustnow.2A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、当either.or.;neither.nor.;notonly.butalso.等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与凑近它的主语保持一致。Eitheryouortheheadmaster_theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohand

8、outNotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、当“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenSheisoneo

9、fthefewgirlswho_inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数看法,而在意义上是单数看法的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Everypossiblemeans_topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数

10、取决于of后边名词的数。311._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof.(的数目)短作主,用数形式;当anumberof.(多)短作主,用复数形式。Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were七、当“疑+不定式”构作主,常用数形式。13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewf