高考英语概要写作说明文

1、(圆满版)高考英语大纲写作之说明文(圆满版)高考英语大纲写作之说明文6/6(圆满版)高考英语大纲写作之说明文高考英语大纲写作之说明文一、写作指导说明文的大纲写作一般有三种参照模板：1）描述某事物的性质功能。即“对象+性质功能+利害”：（inthepassage）thewriterintroducestous,especiallyits.,fromwhichweknow（2）针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：Thepassagetellsus.Sotheauthortellsushowto.,including介绍某现象及其原因、结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：Theautho

2、rtalksabout.Itiscausedby.Asaresult(consequently),.在大纲写作前，我们要通读短文，确定其内容是属于那各种类，今后选择确当的模板。注意：不要关注一些次要的细节却遗漏重要的要点，尽量少使用原文语句，多用自己的概括性的语言；3到5个句子即可。二、写作训练1.Inschoolsandathome,mostofUShavebeenscolded(责备manymedicalstudieshaveshownsomethingdifferent.Theyvestressedthefactthatdaydreamingworkswondersonourimagin

3、ation,creativityandsituation-handlingtechniques.Infact,manyproblemscanbeeasilysolvedifwedaydream.Thetopmostbenefitofdaydreamingisthatyourmoodgetstherightimprovement.Byseparatingyourselffromtheworldaroundyou,youtendtoenjoythelonelinessinyourmindandgetpeacefromdaydreamingasyouthinkaboutsomethingthatca

4、lmsyoursenses.Whenyoustartimaginingthings,youwillforgetallthestressandtension(紧张).Instead,youwillgethappinessfromitandthishappinesswillturnintoasourceofenergythathelpsyouworkinagoodmood.Manypsycologistshavesaidthatpeoplewhodaydreamtendtohaveasharpermemory.Ityouredaydreaming,youlltendtogetcarriedaway

5、toimaginevarioussituations,eitherrealorunreal.Youtendtoactdifferentlyindifferentsituations,tryingtosatisfyyourmindbydoingwhatyouwantinyourdreams.Whenyourmindgetssatisfied,youreinabetterpositiontoconcentratemoreonyourwork.Sincedaydreamingactivates(激活）thenervesofyourbrain,youtendtohavehigherattentiven

6、essandyourabilitytorememberthingswilldevelop.Whenyoudaydream,youautomaticallyimagineyourselfasyourheartsaysandtherefore,yougettoknowyourselfbetter.Youalsostartrealizingthemistakesyouvemadeinlifeandtryingyourbesttoavoidrepeatingthem.Suchimaginationtechniqueshelpyoutoconnectyourselfwithyoursoul._2.The

7、poaching，orillegal(非法)killing，ofrhinos(犀牛)inSouthAfricaisgrowingworseeachyearThegovernmentrecentlyreportedthatarecordnumberofrhinoswerepoachedin2014，ayearwhichhadmore1rhinokillingsinSouthAfricathaneverbeforeTheWorldWildlifeFund，orWWF，saysabout20，000rhinosliveinSouthAfricaThatismorethan80percentofthe

8、rhinosintheworldEdnaMolewa，SouthAfricasenvironmentalissuesminister，says，“During2014，wearesadtosaythis：1，215rhinoswerekilledThisisariseinthenumberofpoachedrhinosfrom1004in2013andindeedveryworrying”Theanimalsarehuntedfortheirhorns(犀牛角)ManypeopleinAsiabelievethehornhascuringpower，whichdrivespoachers，at

9、allcosts，madformorehornsButthereisnoscientificevidenceforthisbeliefThehornismadeofkeratinThatisthesamethingashumanhair，fingernailsandtoenailsMsMo1ewasaid386suspectedpoacherswerearrestedlastyear，anincreasefromtheyearbeforeButrhinoprotectionworkerssaypoachersoftengounpunishedafterarrestSouthAfricalega

10、lssystemisineffectiveMsMolewasaidmoreneedstobedoneandSouthAfricaistakingstrongmeasurestoprotectrhinosTheeffortsincludemovingsomeoftheanimalstosecretplacesinneighboringcountries“Nowapproximately100rhinoshavebeenmovedtoneighboringstatesintheSADCregionduring2014and200morerhinoswillbemovedthisyear”Molew

11、asaidJoShaw，therhinoprogrammanagerattheWWF，said，“weretalkingaboutalossofahundredrhinosamonthOrmorethanthreeadayWereallyneedtoseeeffectiveactionnotjustatanationallevelbutinternationally”Shesaysofficialsshouldfindthecriminalgroupsresponsibleforthepoachingandpunishthem_3.Parentsshouldthinktwicebeforere

12、wardingtheirchildrensgoodbehaviourwithsweets,accordingtoaleadingnutritionist.ProfessorSusanJebb,ofOxfordUniversity,saysfamilyattitudesshouldchangeaspartofawiderstrategyontacklingobesity（肥胖）-andthereshouldbeanalternativetotheeasyoptionofhandingoutsweetstoyoungsters.SpeakingtotheSundayExpress,ProfJebb

13、said:Unlessyouinstill(灌输)goodeatinghabitsfromayoungage,itislikelychildrenwillgrowuptobecomeoverweightadults.Butitisverydifficulttopersuadeparentswhoseetheirchildren,whoareahealthyweight,oftherisksahead.Unlikewithsmoking,wherethebenefitsofgivingupareobviouswithevidenceshowingthateverysinglecigarettes

14、hortensyourlife,thesamecannotbesaidforeverysinglebiscuityoueat.ShealsowelcomedlastweekscommentsbyDavidCameronthatBritainsobesitycrisisshouldbetreatedasseriouslyassmokingandthatataxonsugarydrinkscouldbebackontheagenda（议程）.ThePrimeMinister2hintedatanextraordinaryU-turnamidgrowingpublicsupportfora20per

15、centlevy.Hesaid:Idontreallywanttoputnewtaxesonanythingbutwedohavetorecognisethatwefacesomethingofanobesitycrisis.MrCameronsaidthecostsofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandcancertreatmentfortheoverweightcoststheNHShugesums.Headded:Wedoneedtohaveafully-worked-upprogrammetodealwiththisproblemandaddresstheseissues

16、inBritainandwewillbemakingannouncementslaterintheyear.Expertshavealsowarnedthatobesity-fuelledbylargeamountsofsugar-isescalatingatsucharatethatitwillcausealmost700,000additionalcasesofcancerwithinthenext20years,expertshavewarned.Theysaythatbeingoverweightisalreadythenewnormandpredictthatfourintenadu

17、ltswillbeobeseby2035.Estimatesalsoshowthatbythistimeobesity-relatedillnesses,includingdiabetesandheartdisease,willcosttheNHSmorethan7.5billionayear._4.Theexpression,“everybodysdoingit,”isverymuchatthecenterofpetherconceptpressure(of伙伴压力).Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersoft

18、hatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct(天性)iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerf

19、ulforceinmanypeopleinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswer“fineasks“howareyou?”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis:ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.Forcertainind

20、ividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction;inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatth

21、ecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycantaffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses.notalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelpthet

22、eamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencoura

23、gethemtopolitely3declinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly,itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups._Keys:1.Manypeopleregarddaydreamingasawasteoftimeandenergy.However,thatisnotthecase.ManymedicalStudieshavefoundthatdaydreaminghasalotofbenefits.First

24、ofall,daydreamingcanimproveyourmood.Whatsmore,ithelpsdevelopyourmemory.Lastbutnotleast,daydreaminghelpsyoutoknowyourselfbetter.2.ThepoachingofrhinosisgettingworseinSouthAfricaeachyear,accordingtothegovernmentandWWF.Manyrhinosarekilledfortheirhornsehichisbelievedtohavecuringpower.Althouhmorepoachersa

25、rearrested,theyhardlygetpunished.SothemembersofWWFarecallingonmoremeassureswhichshouldtakenbythegovernmentandthewholeworldtoprotectrhinos.,includingeffectivelegalsystem,rhinoslivingplaceandeveninternationalcooperation.3.ProfessorSusanJebb,ofOxfordUniversity,urgesparentstoseekhealthieralternativetohandingkidobesityratherthanadopteasymethods.Addtionnally,DavidCameronsaidobesitycrisiswasasseriousassmoking.Sofamiliesarerequiredtointroducegoodeatinghabitstohelpavo