新编英语教程5册Unit1

1、ComprehensionI.Judgewhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthearticle.A.TobeabletousetherightwordisanimportantcomponentofonemasteryoftheEnglishlanguage.sB.Tofacilitateonesownprocessofcognitionandonescommunicationwithothers,onemustbeabletochoosetherightwordfromtheextensivevocabularyoftheEnglis

2、hlanguage.Itismoreimportanttoknowexactlythemeaninganduseofarelativelysmallnumberofwordsthantoknowvaguelyalargernumber.II.Determinewhichisthebestchoiceforeachofthefollowingquestions.1.“CleanEnglish”inthefirstparagraphmeansA.EnglishofadignifiedstyleB.EnglishfreefromswearwordsC.Englishwhichispreciseand

3、clear.2.Theword“realizationin”thesentence“Choosingwordsispartoftheprocessofrealization”means.articulatingsoundsB.fulfillingonesgoalsbecomingawareofwhatonethinksandfeels3.Theexamplegiveninpara.3ofamansearchingfortherightwordforhisfeelingsabouthisfriendillustratesthefunctionwordsperformin.definingoutt

4、houghtsandfeelingsforourselvesdefiningourthoughtsandfeelingsforthosewhohearusbothAandB4.Theword“cleanly”inthelastsentencemeans.squarelyclearlyneatly5.Theexamplesoftheuntranslatabilityofsomewordsgiveninpara.11bestillustratewhichsentenceoftheparagraph?Thefirstsentence.Thesecondsentence.Thethirdsentenc

5、e.III.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whichsentenceinthefirstparagraphestablishesthelinkbetweenthedrivingofanailandthechoiceofaword?2.Whatdoestheword“this”insencet1,para.2,referto?3.Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay”?W

6、hyorwhynot?4.Explainwhytheword“imprison”intheexamplegiveninpara.9,thoughnotamalapropism,isstillnottherightwordforthewriterspurpose.5.Whatisthedifferencebetween“human”and“humane”?Andthedifferencebetween“humanaction”and“humaneaction”,andalsothatbetween“humankiller”and“humanekiller”?6.Whatdoestheword“a

7、live”inthesentence“astudentneedstobealivetothesedifferences”(para.9)mean?7.Whyisitdifficultandsometimesevenimpossibletotranslateawordfromonelanguageintoanotherasillustratedinpara.11?SupplysomesuchexampleswithEnglishandChinese.Thewriterbeginshisarticlewithananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerand

8、theimproperchoiceofwords.Identifytheplaceswheretheanalogyisreferredtointherestofthearticle.LanguageWorkI.Readthefollowinglistofwordsandconsidercarefullythemeaningofeachword.Thencompleteeachofthesentencesbelowusingthecorrectformofanappropriatewordfromthelist.CreepLoiterMarchMeanderPacePatrolPlodProwl

9、RambleRoamSaunterShuffleStaggerStalkStepStrideStrutStrollToddleTrampTreadTrudgeWalk1.AfterthemathsexaminationFred,feelingexhausted,acrossthecampus.2.Thesoldiersreachedtheircampafter15milesthroughthedeepsnow.3.Itispleasanttointheparkintheevening.4.Afterthecross-countryraceJacktothechangingroom.5.Last

10、nightwhenhesleepilytotheringingtelephone,heaccidentallybumpedintothewardrobe.6.Wesawhimtowardsthestationafewminutesbeforethetrainsdeparture.7.Theoldcouplethroughthepark,lookingforasecludedbenchtositonandrest.8.Thenewly-appointedgeneralabouttheroomlikealatter-dayNapoleon.9.Peterwhistledhappilyashealo

11、ngthebeach.10.Theseoldpeoplelikedtoabouttheantiqueruinsinsearchofashadypicnicspot.11.Manytouristsaboutthemall,windowshopping.12.Wewerefascinatedbytheviewoutsidetheroom-abeautifulverdantmeadowandbrooksthroughit.13.Maryusedtoaboutthehillsandpickwildflowersforhermother.14.Eagertoseetheponyinthestable,t

12、hechildrendownthestaircase,theirheartspoundingviolently.15.Thelionhadthejungleforalongtimebeforeitcaughtsightofahare.16.Mybrotherbegantowhenhewastenmonthsold.17.Thefarmersoftenlettheirhorsesfreelyinthemeadowsothattheycouldeattheirfillofgrass.18.Thepatrolswerealongthroughtheundergrowthwhenthebombexpl

13、oded.19.Thethugswerereportedtobethestreetsforwomenworkerswhowereontheirwayhomeaftertheafternoonshift.20.Thefirst-yearstudentsnotonlylearnedhowto,theywerealsotaughthowtotakeaimandshootwhentheyhadmilitarytraining.21.SometimesTom,ourreporter,wouldupanddownthestudy,deepinthought.22.WhenhewasThirdStreet,

14、Fredfoundthelittlematchgirllyingdeadatthestreetcorner.23.Secretarieshatedseeingtheirnewmanagerinandoutoftheofficewithoutevencastingaglanceatthem.24.MotheraskedustolightlysoasnottowakeGranny.25.Therefugeesformilesandmilesalldayhuntingforaplacetowork.26.Whenthepopsingeroutofthecar,hisfansrantohim,eage

15、rtogethisautograph.27.Thelaborersontheirwayhomeafterworkingintheplantationthewholeday.28.Thelionwasfeelingprettygoodashe(A)throughthejungle.Seeingatiger,thelionstoppedit.“WhoistheKingofthejungle?”theliondemanded.“You,Olion,aretheKingofthejungle,”repliedthetiger.Satisfied,thelion(B)on,untilhecameacro

16、ssalarge,ferocious-lookingleopard.“WhoistheKingofthejungle?”askedthelion,andtheleopardbowedinawe.“You,mightylion,youaretheKingofthejungle,”itsaidhumblyand(C)off.Feelingontopoftheworld,thelionproudly(D)uptoahugeelephantandaskedthesamequestion.“WhoistheKingofthejungle?”Withoutanswering,theelephantpick

17、edupthelion,swirledhimroundintheair,smashedhimtothegroundandjumpedonhim.“Look,”saidthelion,“theresnoneedtogetmadjustbecauseyoudidntknowtheanswer.”II.Makealistofmorespecificwordsforeachofthefollowinggeneralterms.Forexample,forWALK,youcouldliststride,stroll,saunter,plod,toddleandsoon.Givesentencestoil

18、lustratehowthewordsmaybeused.1.SAY2.SEE3.BEVERAGE4.EXCITEMENT5.DELIGHT6.SKILFULIII.Inthefollowingsentencesthreealternativesaregiveninparenthesesfortheitalicizedwords.Selecttheonewhichyouthinkismostsuitableinthecontext.1.Aclumsy(heavy,stupid,unskillful)workmanislikelytofindfaultwithhistools.2.AsJohnw

19、asadeft(skillful,clever,ready)mechanic,hewashiredbythejoint-ventureinnotime.Thewritermadeapointofavoidingusingloose(vague,unbound,disengaged)terminologyinhissciencefiction.Wedidntappreciatehissubtle(delicate,tricky,profound)schemetomakemoneyattheexpenseofthecustomers.AnnieOakleybecamefamousasoneofth

20、eworldsmostprecise(accurate,scrupulous,rigid)sharpshooters.6.Thegovernmentinthatnewly-independentcountryhasdecidedtomakeashift(alteration,turn,transference)initsforeignpolicies.Misunderstandingaroseonaccountofthevague(undetermined,confused,ambiguous)instructionsonthepartofthemanager.8.Ifsoldiersdono

21、tpayscrupulous(exact,vigilant,conscientious)attentiontoorderstheywillnotdefeattheenemy.9.Insomeareas,thevirginforesthasbeencutthroughignorance(blindness,wantofknowledge,darkness)ofthevalueoftrees.Sincemanypuremetalshavesuchdisadvantages(harm,unfavourableness,drawbacks)asbeingtoosoftandbeingliabletor

22、usttooeasily,theyhavelittleuse.Mycolleague,Mr.Hill,hasasmallbutwell-chosenlibrary,whereitissaidhespendsmostofhissparetimecultivating(nourishing,tilling,developing)hismind.Ifyouthinkphotographyismyhobby,yourbeliefisquitemistaken(fraudulent,erroneous,deceitful).13.Whatappearstothelaymenasunimportant(m

23、inute,trivial,diminutive)andunrelatedfactsisoftenprecioustothearchaeologist.14.Theloungehasaseatingcapacityof30peoplebutitistoodark(dim,dingy,gloomy)toreadthere.15.Thesecareer-orientedwomenareusedtoflexible(adaptable,willowy,docile)workinghoursintheoffice.16.Onlyexpertswithaprofessionaleyecantellthe

24、fine(fair,pleasant,subtle)distinctionbetweenthetwogems.17.Thegoosequillpenhasagreatsentimental(tender,emotional,soft)appealtoEmilyasitwasagiftfromherbestfriend.18.Beingthoughtfulofandenthusiastictowardsothersistheessence(gist,kernel,quintessence)ofpoliteness.WhenIraqdestroyedsomeofitsnuclearandchemi

25、calweapons,itactedundercoercion(repression,concession,compulsion).20.Myunclesoft-repeatedanecdotesofhisadventuresinAfricawerefascinating(catching,pleasing,absorbing)tolistento.IV.Giveonegenerictermthatcoverseachofthefollowinggroupsofwords.artificer,turner,joiner,carpenter,weaver,binder,potter,paper-

26、cuttervolume,brochure,pamphlet,treatise,handbook,manual,textbook,bookletpainter,sculptor,carver,poet,novelist,musician,sketchergrin,smirk,beam,simperdonation,subscription,alms,grant,endowmentbandit,poacher,swindler,fraud,embezzler,imposter,smugglernibble,munch,devour,gulpdrowse,doze,slumber,hibernat

27、e,coma,rest,napmanufacture,construct,weave,compose,compileancient,antique,old-fashioned,obsolete,archaicslap,tap,pat,thump,whackalight,descend,dismount,disembarkV.Fillineachblankwithanappropriateword.Indiscussingtherelativedifficultiesofanalysiswhichtheexactandinexactsciencesface,letmebeginwithanana

28、logy.Wouldyouagreethatswimmersare(1)skilfulathletesthanrunners(2)swimmersdonotmoveasfastasrunners?Youprobablywould(3).Youwouldquicklypointout(4)wateroffersgreater(5)toswimmersthantheairandgrounddoto(6)Agreed,thatisjustthepoint.Inseekingto(7)theirproblems,thesocialscientistsencounter(8)resistancethan

29、thephysicalscientists.By(9)Idonotmeantobelittlethegreataccomplishmentsofphysicalscientistswhohavebeenable,forexample,todeterminethestructureoftheatom(10)seeingit.Thatisatremendous(11)yet(12)manywaysitisnotsodifficultaswhatthesocialscientistsareexpectedto(13).Theconditionsunderwhichthesocialscientist

30、smustworkwoulddrivea(14)scientistfrantic.Herearefiveof(15)conditions.Hecanperform(16)experiments;hecannotmeasuretheresultsaccurately;he(17)controltheconditionssurrounding(18)experiments;heisoftheexpectedtogetquickresults(19)slow-actingeconomicforces;andhemustworkwithpeople,(20)withinanimateobjectsVI

31、.FollowingWarnersmodelofestablishingananalogybetweentwodissimilarthings,writeapassage,discussingthelearningofaforeignlanguage.Youaresupposedtouseananalogytohelpyouexplain.Forinstance,youmaycomparethelearningofaforeignlanguagetothatofswimming,bike-riding,etc.UNIT1TEXT1ExercisesKeysComprehension:I.B;I

32、I.1.C2.C3.C4.A5.C;III.1.“Sowithlanguage;firmlyandexactly.”2.Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriterspurpose.3.Yes,Ido.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays.Butasamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtsw

33、ecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare;withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.“Malapropism”meanstheunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsingleness.Butthemisuseof“imprison”isadifferentcase.Itiswronglychosenb

34、ecausetheuserhasfailedtorecognizeitsconnotation.human=of,characterizing,orrelatingtomanhumane=characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathyThus:humanaction=actiontakenbyman;humaneaction=mercifulaction;humankiller=personthatkillshumans;humanekiller=thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepainsensitive,alertThosearewor

35、dsdenotingnotionswhichareexistentonlyinspecificculture,notuniversallysharedbyallcultures.EnglishwordsdifficulttobeturnedintoChinese:privacy,party,lobby(v.),etc.ChinesewordsdifficulttobeturnedintoEnglish:吹风会，粽子，五保户，etc.8.“Wedonthavetolookfarafieldtofindevidenceofbadcarpentry.”“Itisperhapseasiertobeag

36、oodcraftsmanwithwoodandnailsthanagoodcraftsmanwithwords.”“Agoodcarpenterisnotdistinguishedbythenumberofhistools,butbythecraftsmanshipwithwhichheusesthem.Soagoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthemotjuste,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.”LanguageWork:I.1.

37、shuffled/trudged2.trudging3.stroll4.staggered5.staggered6.striding7.strolled8.strutted9.sauntered/strolled10.ramble/wling20.march21.pace22.patrolling23.stalking24.tread25.tramped26.stepped27.plodded28.A.prowled/struttedB.strolled/saunteredC.walked/creptD.marched/struttedII.1.SAY:speak,te