初三上册期末英语知识点

1、第 第 页初三上册期末英语知识点 1.初三上册期末英语知识点 固定搭配: only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 卖出了很多书. 9many, much的用法 Many,much都意为很多,many +可数名词,much +不可数名词. How many people are there at the meeting How much time has we left Many of the workers w

2、ere at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 2.初三上册期末英语知识点 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确运用介词。 (1)介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon， 等。 (2)介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on

3、 foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 (3)介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。 短语动词的分类 (1)动词+介词 常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Dont

4、 laugh at others. Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)动词+副词 常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语假如是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语假如是人称代词或反身代词，那么要放在副词前边。如： Youll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please dont forget to hand it in. (3)动词+副词+介词 常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾

5、语只能放在介词后边。如： Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)动词+名词+介词 常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5)动

6、词+形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语假如是名词，那么宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语假如是人称代词或反身代词，那么需要放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)动词+名词 常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 3.初三上册期末英语知识点 1

7、.介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独运用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) 2.常用介词的用法辨析 (1)表时间的介词 at, in on 表示时间点用

8、at。例如：at si* oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2022, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示详细的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。 since, after 由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组

9、表示的时段一贯连续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如： I havent heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back. in, after in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如： He will be back in two months. He will arrive a

10、fter four oclock. He returned after a month. (2)表示地点的介词 at, in, on at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如： He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. over, above, on over, on和above都可表

11、示“在上面”，但详细含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不肯定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如： There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk. across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的

12、含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如： The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如： There are some tall trees in front of the building. T

13、he teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 4.初三上册期末英语知识点 可数名词变复数的几种形式 1.单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2.以s、*、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, bo*es, brushes, matches. 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 4.以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proo

14、fs, chiefs. 5.以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 6.不规章名词：footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, mousemice. 7.单复数同形的名词：sheep，fish，dee. 5.初三上册期末英语知识点 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态(The Passive Voice)

15、表示主语是动作的承受者。 构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 一般现在时：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 一般过去时：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者 从句 1.宾语从句 在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句主要有三

16、种类型，分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 常见的宾语从句引导词：that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。 Eg. I am sad that you refused me. 我很难受你拒绝了我。 2.定语从句 定语从句在中考和高考中涌现的频率都特别高。在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who宾格whom，全部格whose,as 等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。 Eg. L

17、ily likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜爱温柔的音乐。 3.状语从句 状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、缘由状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词： 1地点状语从句：where,wherever 2时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since 3缘由状语从句：because, since,as, now that, not that, but that, seeing that, considering that, in that 4目的状语从句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest 5结果状语从句：so.that, such that, so that, with the result that 6条件状语从句：if,unless,if only,only