英汉句式差异翻译中的语序调整

1、优选文档优选文档PAGEPAGE6优选文档PAGE英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整定语及定语从句语序的调整一.定语语序调整见课本P96二.定语从句语序调整(1前置译法限制性定语从句常常要译成?的?这种句型的前置定语结构,由于限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系亲近,若分开译则会影响主句意思的完满。也有一些非限制性定语从句,或因结构较短,或因与被修饰词关系较为亲近,或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松弛,在这种情况下也能够译成前置定语结构。1.Thepressureisalsoheavyonstudentswhojustwanttograduateandgetajob.2.Mybrotherslaugh,whi

2、chwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.3.Therewillcomethedaywhenpeopletheworldoverwillliveahappylifeunderthesunofsocialism.4.Awritersworkisaconstantstruggletogetthewordrightintherightplace,tofindthatparticularwordthatwillconveyhismeaningexactly,thatwillpersuadethereaderorsoothehimoramusehim.5.Aneminent

3、Americanhistorian,BarbaraTuchman,whohasbeenhighlyacclaimedforhernarrativehistories,gainedherfirstsignificantrecognitionin1958.(2后置译法后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较宽泛。有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂,译成汉语前置定语则显得过长,而且不吻合汉语表达习惯,这种情况下常常也能够译成后置的并列分句,作进一步的连结表达。1.Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenragedallofus.2.Ihavemetchildrenwho

4、notonlyaregrowingemotionallyandintellectuallybutalsoaretryingtomakesenseoftheworldmorally.3.WorldWarwas,however,morecomplexthanWorldWar,whichwasacollisionamongtheimperialistpoweroverthespoilofmarkets,resourcesandterritories.4.IfyoureachChicagobytrainandspendonlyanhourortwothereyouwillfeelthelightwin

5、doffthelakewhichgivesitthename“WindyCity”.5.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksthisweek,letusrecognizeattheoutsetthesepoints:wehaveattimesinthepastbeenenemies.Wehavegreatdifferencestoday.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthesedifferences.Theyarestrivin

6、gfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.(3合成译法把原句中的被修饰词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法。英语中的therebe结构就可以采用这种译法来办理。还有一些带有限制性定语从句的英语复合句,若是英语中的主句能够压缩成汉语词组并用做主语,那么定语从句就可以译成谓语结构,从而构成一个独立句。若是主句压缩成汉语词组后用作其他成分,那么定语从句能够译成一个句子。关系代词可灵便办理。1.Therearemanype

7、oplewhowanttoseethefilm.2.Therewasamanwhoseemedtohavetheanswers,andwhowasMr.Robert.3.“Weareanationthatmustbegtostayalive,”saidaforeigneconomist.4.Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeindicationofnationalidentity.5.TherewerethemeetingsthatengineeredKhrushchevs“resignation”onthegroundof“advanc

8、ingageanddeterioratingheath.”6.Thekapokisinblossomthatindicatestheearlyspring.7.YoucompareherwithyourEnglishwomenwhowolfdownthreetofivemeatmealsaday;naturally,youfindherasylph.(3译成状语从句有些定语从句从形式上看是定语,但在意义上与主句有着逻辑状语关系,起着主句的原因,结果,目的,条件,退步等状语的作用,翻译时应该依照其语法功能,译成汉语各种相应的复句。原因状语1.Thecomputer,whichseemstopla

9、ytheroleofahumanbrain,isoftencalledanelectronicbrain.由于计算机起着近似人脑的作用,所以常常被称作电脑。2.Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.3.Theambassadorwasgivingadinnerforafewpeoplewhomhewishedespeciallytotalktoortohearfrom.4.Youwouldhavetobecarefulnottooffendtheboss,w

10、howouldgiveyouthesackatanytime.Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.条件状语1.Thereisnobadhabitthatmaynotbecuredbyastrongwill-power.只要有刚毅的意志力,就没有什么坏习惯不能够改掉。2.Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.3.Hewouldbeashort-sightedco

11、mmanderwhomerelymannedhisfortressanddidnotlookbeyond.目的状语1.Thenewswomanwishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentiontothatshipwreck.这位女记者想写篇文章,以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。2.Theimperialiststatesmaintainenormousarmiesandgiganticnavieswhichareusedforoppressingandexploitingthepeopleindistantlands.一主多从式定语从

12、句一主多从式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句一般都较规范,均修饰一个先行词,在翻译时,诚然也依照一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法,但同时也要注意其独到之处。译成定语1.Theoldwaysofearningalivingrivaledbynewagriculturaltechniques,bycommercewithhithertounknownpartsoftheglobe,andbynewcraftswithstrangemachinesthatsavedlaborandthatranwithoutthetraditionalhumanoranimal

13、power.这些古老的生活之道正碰到农业新技术、商业贸易(与世界上到此刻尚不有名的地区之间所进行的贸易以及各式奇怪机器新工艺的挑战,这些奇怪的机器可节约劳动力而无需传统的人力畜力驱动。(并列的定语2.AndithelpsexplainwhysomanyinventionsthatwereofChineseoriginorthathadbeenknowntotheGreco-Romans,werefullydevelopedandexploitedonlybytheWesternEuropeans.它有助于说明,为什么源于中国的好多发明和希腊罗马人所知道的好多发明,只是在西欧人手中才获取全面发展

14、和充分利用。(分开的定语修饰重复的先行词3.Consequentlythemanorwasaself-sufficientvillagethatwasworkedbyserfswhowerenotfreetoleave,andwhowiththeirlaborsupportedahierarchyoflayandclericallords.所以,庄园是靠农奴经营的自给自足的农村;农奴不能够任意走开,并以其劳动养活封建教俗企业。(一个并列句After-classappreciation:春节ChineseNewYearsDay,ChineseLunarNewYear除夕夜NewYearsEve正月lunarJanuary初一th