中考英语被动语态讲解与练习

1、中考英语被动语态讲解与练习一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化

2、。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I wa

3、s given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the

4、 factory closes.8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitt

5、er.2)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.3) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is

6、to be put off till Friday.You must hand in the exercise-books tomorrow.-The exercise-books must be handed in tomorrow三、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whe

7、ther I should accept the offer.3.常用句式有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道， It is well known that众所周知，be used forasto do , be made offrom四、特殊情况1.当不定式作定语，又与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动意义。例如：I have a lot of work to do today.今天我有许多工作要做。She has some questions to ask.她有一些问题要问。2.某些只能用作不及物动词的动词或短语，如hap

8、pen, take place(发生)等，其主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The accident happened two hours ago.事故发生在两小时以前。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。练习一、填空1. A new library _(build) in our city now.2.The meeting will （put off ）till Friday.3. He has worked in the factory since it _ (build) 10 years ago.4. So

9、 far, many man-made satellites _(send)up into space.5. Sheep are _ (keep) by farmers for _ (produce) wool and mutton.6.Computerscience_(teach)nowalmostinalluniversitiesandinstitutes.7. We may _ (ask) to attend the meeting.8. Do you have a letter to （post）?9. The accident_ two hours ago.( happen)10.L

10、ilei was seen _computer games yesterday.(play)二、单选1. In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested2._a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Did; build3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is gro

11、wnB. are grownC. grows4.Your shoes _ _. You need a new pair. A. wear outB. worn outC. are worn out5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be given6.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A. will be sentB. would sendC. was sent7.Inrec

12、entyearsanumberofcommunicationsatellites_intospace.A.havebeensentB.weresentC.hadsent8.This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed 9.An accident _ on this road last week. A. happened B. was happened C. is happened10.Who _

13、this book _? A. was; writtenB. was; written by C. did; written11.Doyouhaveanyclothes_today?”themaidasked.A.towashB.bewashedC.tobewashed12.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after 13.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jumpB. to jump C. jumped14.The earth is our home.It _well. A.must