被动语态语法归纳

1、文档编码 : CM2B10E7S9H6 HK6W6P2J6G10 ZX7X9T8O8M1学习好资料 欢迎下载被动语态语法归纳 Passive Voice 概念：英语有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,或者 是说动作是由主语完成；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承担者,或者是说动作不是由主语 而是由其他人完成；一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态,汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动含义；构成：被动语态由 “助动词 be+动词的过去分词 ”构成；被动语态的时态变化只转变 be 的形式,过去分词部分不变；疑问句和否定句的变化形式也是如此；各种时态形

2、式表如下：现在一般时态P. 进行时态完成时态am/is/are+P.P. 过去am/is/are+being+P.has/have+been+分词 P.P. 过去was/were+P.P. was/were+being+P.had+been+P.P. P. 将来shall/will+be+P.P. 另：含有情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词 +be+P.P.”不定式的被动语态构成为 “ to be done”1. English is spoken in many countries. 一般现在时 2. Who was this article written by. 一般过去时 3. An

3、important meeting will be held in our school. 一般将来时 4. A new bridge is being built in the city. 现在进行时 5. Everything has been done by him so far. 现在完成时 6. Something must be done to protect wild animals. 情态动词 使用范畴：不知道或不必指出动作的执行者These books are written for children. / We were asked to sing a song. 强调动作

4、的承担者,这时可带有 by 引起的短语；More trees must be planted by us next year. A new machine was invented by Uncle Wang last month. 当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态The whole village was washed away by the flood. 学习好资料 欢迎下载表示客观的说明常用 “ It 过去分词 ”句型；It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 这类句型有：It s said that 据说 It s reported that 据报

5、道 It s believed that 大家信任 主动变被动 4 大步骤：1、把原主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语,如为代词,宾格形式须变为主格形式；2、把动词变为被动形式即 时态就保持be +过去分词,并留意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的不变；3、原主动语态中的主语如需要就放在 变为宾格形式,如不需要就可省略；4、其它成分（定语、状语）不变；by 后面变成 by 的宾语,如为代词,主格形式须Everybody likes this girl. - This girl is liked by everybody. He wrote a letter. - A letter was wr

6、itten by him. 被动语态留意事项：1、不定式符号 to 在被动语态中不行省；在主动语态中,假如感官动词和使役动词后面 的宾语补足语是动词,这个动词前往往不带 to,但在被动语态中要带 to；I saw him climb up the hill. He was seen to climb up the hill. We heard him sing in his room just now. He was heard to sing in his room just now. 2、主动语态中如有两个宾语,变为被动语态时,只将其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个宾 语不变；主动结构中的间接宾

7、语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为 主语时,间接宾语前通常加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词准备,常为 for 或 to ；例如：1. We gave him some books. He was given some books by us. 或 Some books were given to him by us. 学习好资料 欢迎下载2. He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 3. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 4. My

8、father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 6. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 3、一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应

9、当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词 或副词；We cant laugh at him. He can t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 4、主动语态中如有复合宾语,变为被动语态时,只将复合宾语中的规律主语变成主语,其余部分不变；例如：They a

10、sked him to take the medicine. We found him working in the fields. 不使用被动语态的几种情形：He was asked to take the medicine. He was found working in the fields. 1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态 ；如：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence,

11、 lose heart, take place.例如：What was happened to him？错误 What happened to him ？ 正确 2、系动词（包括感官动词）无被动语态（appear, be, keep 除外）,用主动形式表示被动意义；如：become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn；The flower smells sweet. 学习好资料 欢迎下载The dish tastes delicious. The cloth feels very

12、 soft. It sounds good. 3、有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义；This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 4、want, need, require, worth等词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义；例如：The children need looking after. The table wants cleaning. 同步强化A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. I _tell to give a talk yesterday. 2. The song _write by a worker and now it

13、_become very popular. 3. We _make a trip to the West Lake as soon as the work _finish. 4. The Great Wall _know all over the world. 5. He said, “ Your books must_take care of.”6. The TV play _show when we got home. 7. The tall building _put up last year. 8. The street lights _usually _turn on at 7:00

14、 pm in summer. 9. This song _ not like by everybody. 10. He _give a ticket to the film. 11. Most science books _write in English. 12. A computer _often _ use in the bank. 13. Can rice _grow in water. 14. How many holes will_dig tomorrow. 15. This picture _look nice. 16. - I d like to buy that coat.

15、- I m sorry it _sell out.学习好资料 欢迎下载17. -What _happen to him. -He fell off his bike and hurt himself. 18. The students was made _do a lot of homework every day. 19. This book _sell well on the market. 20. Your coat needs _wash. 单项选择： 1. The library books _on time. A. return B. must C. must be returne

16、d D. returned 2. The boy is always made _ his face in the morning. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed 3. Mr Brown has stopped smoking since he _on. A. will operate B. will be operated D. was held C. operated D. was operated 4. The match _. Lets go to watch it.A. is holding B. held C. is being h

17、eld 5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 6. What _ this dictionary _. A. does; call B. is; called C. does; called D. is; call 7. English _ in many countries. A. is speaking B. is spoken C. speaks D. speak 8. - When _ the

18、story_ . - A month ago. A. was; happened B. did; happen C. is; happened D. does; happen 9. A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China. A. must B. must be C. has D. have 10. The medicine _ cool, clean and dry. A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in 11. In our campus, rubbi

19、sh _ everywhere. （泰州）A. mustn t be put B. needn t be put C. can t putD. may not put 12. The trees must _ three times a week. （长沙）A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 学习好资料 欢迎下载 13. People can _ running everywhere. Do you know what _. （镇江）A. see; has happened B. see; happens C. be seen; is

20、 happened D. be seen; is happening 14. The boy _ to get supper ready after school. A. were told B. was told C. is telling D. tells 15. - Did you go to Jims birthday party. - No, I _. （北京）A. am not invited B. wasn t invitedC. haven t invited D. didn t invite 16. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yest

21、erday. （黑龙江）A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 17. A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over. （南通）A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sent 18. - When _ this kind of computer _. 宁波 - Two years ago. A. was; used B. did; use C. is; used D. does; use 19. A talk on

22、 Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. （天津）A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 20. Chinese _ by the largest number of people. （长沙）A. speak B. is speaking C. speaks D. is spoken 21. - But where are the books. 武汉 - Dont worry. They _ here in no t ime. A. have sent B.

23、will be sent C. are sending D. have been sent 22. Man-made satellites have _into space by many countries. A. sent up B. be sent up C. send up D. been sent up 23. The windows of our classroom _ once a week. A. is cleaned B. are cleaned C. Was cleaned D. be cleaned 24 A strange noise _ by Mr Henry las

24、t night. A. heard B. is heard C. Had heard D. was heard 25. Milk, meat, eggs and vegetables _on the farm. A. produce B. are produced C. produced D. was produced 学习好资料 欢迎下载 26. How many kilos of milk _ produced on Green Lake Farm last year. A. are B. was C. had D. be 27. She is often _ tidying up the

25、 classroom. A. seeing B. seen C. saw D. sees 28. - I d like to buy that coat. - I m sorry _. A. it sold B. its selling C. its been sold D. it had been sold 29. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place, have been set up B. have taken place, have been set up C. a

26、re taken place, are set up D. were taken place, were set up 30. This picture _ very nice. A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking 31. This story _ in Paris before the First world War. A. happens B. was happened C. is happened D. happened 32. Now these magazines _ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept 33. Good care _such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of 34. The room _ cool