名词性从句讲义

1、第三专题 名词性从句重点与难点1理解名词性从句的本质2连接词的选择3It 作形式主语和作形式宾语与主语从句和宾语从句4分析从句结构 5名词性从句与虚拟语气一名词性从句概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名 词或名词短语, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它 在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句。His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he doe

2、s every day.I dont like his job,I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.牛刀小试The question is whether it is worth doing.That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.They know that the habit may kill them.They were

3、all worried over the fact that you were sick.引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词Who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever 等连接副词When, where, why, how, however, wherever等连接词That, whether, if, as if 等A. 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 No one knows he was waiting for.We are worrying about

4、we should do next.Tell me house it is.Let me know train you will be arriving on.B .连接副词 when, where, why, how 等 在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。I dont know we are going to have the meeting.She always thinks of she can work well.What I am anxious to know is we can visit the museum.that连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句

5、中有时可省略。I hear (that) he has joined the football club.That he stole a bike was true.whether 和 if连词whether和if本身有意义(是否)，在从句中不可省略。whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。I didnt know whether he would attend the concert. The question is whether it s worth trying.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.He mu

6、st answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。It all depends on whether they will support us.Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever等 whoever = anyone who 任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that 凡是.，无论什么；

7、whichever = anything that 无论那一个, 任何一个； whomever.however. wherever. comes to the club is welcome. is worth doing at all is worth doing well. Ill take book interests me.You may offer the book to wants it.You may offer the book to you like.三.主语从句用作主语的从句叫主语从句。That在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接 副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又

8、起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。Who will win the match is still unknown.Where the English evening will be held is unknown. What he is looking for is none of your business.亮剑 he will succeed is certain . he will go there is not known . he said is not true . he hid the money is to be found out .comes is welcome. we ca

9、n help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.theyll start the game has not been decided yet.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句 作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Where and when he was born has not been found.When the person was murdered, and why he was murdered are still unknown.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句

10、首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1)It + be + adj. + 从句 It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.2)It + be + n. + 从句 It is a pity that he missed the lecture.3)It + be + 过去分词 + 从句It is said that they have won the game.4)It + be + vi. + 从句 It seems that something is wrong with the com

11、puter.四表语从句 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时 用as if, because引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+ that从句可接表语从句的连系动词可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.It appears that he has a taste for music.At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the ri

12、ght word anyhow.because, why引导的表语从句I think it is because you are talking too much.Thats because he didnt understand me. (Thats because 强调原因)强调结果）Thats why he got angry with me.( Thas why强调结果）汪意当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because0The reason why he was late was that he missed the train.C.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示

13、建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形表示，should 可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.His proposal was that they (should ) challenge the other classes to afriendly competition. 亮剑The fact is we have lost the game.Thats just I want.This

14、is our problem lies.That is he didnt come to the meeting.It looks it is going to rain.五.宾语从句在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。A.作动词宾语He told us( that) he felt ill.Do you know whose dictionary it isdoubt （怀疑）的肯定句接if/whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。I do not do

15、ubt that he can recite the poem.Do you doubt that he will win作介词的宾语I am curious about what he will say.Your success will depend upon what you do and how you do it.作形容词的宾语I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。Im afraid (that) you dont understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。Im suprised (that) I di

16、dnt see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没见过那一切。it作形式宾语的情况和it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出 现在带复合宾语的句子中。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.宾语从句的语序和其他词性从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序。How can I get to the station Can you tell meCan you tell m

17、e how I can get to the station宾语从句中的时态在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。He said that he had lived in Beijing since 1983.He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English.客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun.Columbus proved that the earth is round.使用虚拟语气的

18、宾语从句在 suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、要 求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，should常被省略。He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision.She insisted that they should show her their passports.在wish后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或难

19、以实现的愿望。How I wish I had learned more!He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad.I. Whether与if的选择whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句 中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.介 词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether 和 what。I dont care about whether you have money or not.Everyth

20、ing depends on whether we have enough money.J.含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句反意疑问句一般与主句一致。He said they were going to help me, didnt he？She told you that the mat was her own work, didnt she当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope等词时，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。I suppose youre serious, are

21、nt you 我想你是当真的，不是吗？（不可用 dont I）I dont suppose hes serious, is he 我想他不是当真的，是吗？ （不可用 do I） 提示：如果主语是第二、第三人称，则疑问句部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移的问题 You dont think we can speak English, do you 你认为我们不会说英语，对吗？He thinks hes got the right answer, doesnt he 他认为自己找到了正确的答案，是吗？ 亮剑It all depends on they will support us .He aske

22、d I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .I find it necessary we should do the homework.六同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导, 但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。同位语从句一般跟在扌由象名词 fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinio

23、n, decision, discovery, truth, promise, problem 等的面。They were all very much worried over the fact you were sick.Where did you get the idea I could not comeI have no idea hell come or not.It is a question he did it.There is no doubt we will win.当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。Word

24、 came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.B.使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示，should 可省略。This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.He made the suggestion that we go by train.考点小结考点一、名词性从句中连接词的选择考点二、作形式主语或形式宾语考点三、名词性从句与虚拟语

25、气考点四、特殊句式名词性从句解题步骤建议找出主句，再找出从句分析从句结构结合句子意思选择合适的连接词名词性从句巩固练习1. the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yetWheneverB. If C. Whether D. ThatIt worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.whileB. thatC. ifD. for is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.Ther

26、eB. ThisC. ThatD. ItThe whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware she had gone .that whereB. of the place which C. of whatD. of where he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter you have done might do harm to other people.That B. What C

27、. WhichD. This leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The reasonC. WhoeverD. Who caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The oneC. AnyoneD. WhoeverThe question remains the Par

28、ty can win the majority of the people .A. that B. ifC. whetherD. /I remember this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. howC. whereD. what12. You cant imagine when they rtehceesievneidce Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were excitedSa

29、rah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.A .anyoneB. whomeverCan you make sure the gold ring ?A. where Alice had putC. where Alice has putA .anyoneB. whomeverCan you make sure the gold ring ?A. where Alice had putC. where Alice has putNo one can be sure in a million years.A. what man wil

30、l look likeC. man will look like whatCan you tell me ?A. who is that gentlemanC. who that gentleman isThey want to know do to help us.A. what can theyB .what they canWould you please tell me the airport ?A. how I can get to B. how can I get toIt was a matter ofC. whoeverD. no matter whowhere had Ali

31、ce putD. where has Alice putwhat will man look likeD. what look will man likethat gentleman is whoD. whom is that gentlemanhow they canD. how can theywhere I can get to D. where I can get toA. whowould take the position.C. whomB. whoeverD. whomeverSomeone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who i

32、s he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it isLittle Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master he had the day before.A. thatB. howC. whereSomeone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it isLittle Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master he had the day be

33、fore.A. thatB. howC. whereGo and get your coat. Its you left it.A. thereB. whereC .there where23. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. I got wet through.A. Its the reasonB. Thats whyC. Theres whyD. whatD. where thereD. Its how24.It is important you win or lose ; what matters is how you play the

34、 game .A. whetherB. as ifwhom D. thatThere was much certainty the board of directors would agree to our various proposalsfor increasing sales.A. which B. why C. / D. thatThey have no idea at all.A. where he has gone B. there did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he goneGreenland, island i

35、n the world, covers over two million square kilometers.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the matchA. There. .thatB. It. .thatC. There. .whetherD. It. .whetherWe will soon discuss the problem we should take some

36、effective measures to protectthe animals and plants in our region.A. if B. whether C. that D. ever since is quite clear.A. Where is the fighting B. Why is the fightingC. What war is D. What is war beingThe reason he didnt come to our party was he took a missing boy backhome on his way.A. why.because

37、 B.why.thatC. that.whyD. that.that that not all government officials are honest.A. It seems to me B. In my opinion, I believeC. My believing is D. I think in my mind is more and less advanced can pass the test.A. AnyoneB. WhoC. WhoeverD. A student land ownership in some counties is unfair obvious.Wh

38、at. isB. Whether.areC. That.isD. If.isThe reason I plan to go is if I dont.A. because she will be disappointedthat she will be disappointedbecause she will have a disappointmenton account of she will be disappointedShe wanted to know.A. whether I knew her and where did she workif I know her and the factory she worked therewhether I knew her and the factory she workedif I knew her and the factory where she workedMy father wouldnt tell me his new car.A. how much he paid for C. he paid how much forhow much did he payA. how much he paid for C. he paid how