八年级英语下册语法之情态动词讲解与练习人教新目标版

1、精品资料情动情动 ：示说话人语气的单词。不能单独做谓语，只能和动词原形（有时候也说不加 to 的动词不定式）一起构成谓。、情动没人和的化情动后跟动须用形否式成在态 动后加 not。eg: She can sing an English song.We should do our homework right now.I cant speak English very well.2、情动的法（1）Can 的用法示力脑方的能”Can you drive?你会开车吗？Can you speak English?你说语吗？示观件许You can skate on the lake.(The ice i

2、s thick enough.)你可以在湖面上滑冰了（冰层够厚的了）The airplane can take now.(The storm has stopped.)飞机可以起飞了（暴风雨停了）You cant park car here. 你不能在此停车例 1：The work is too hard for him. He _ finish it on time.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 在定句疑句时有表说人怀，异猜或不定no, no, it cant be true.不不，这不可能是事实How can you be so carel

3、ess!怎么会这么粗心He cant be in library。他现在不会在图书馆例 2： Whos singing in the next room? It _ be Mary. She has gone to New York.A.cant B. must C. shouldnt D. can注： can 和 be able to 在示能力这一点是同义词，通常可以通用I can speak English.=I am able to speak English.但在针对过去情况时，两者的区别意义明显，不可混用。在过去情况下，主语“潜能”的实 施与否，两者有区别。比较：1）We could

4、 save his life.我们有办法救活他。 （未必实施）2）We to his life.我们得以救活他。 （诸实施句 1）只表示主语有救人的能力但未必实施；句 ）则表示主语非但有救人的能力，而且 已成功实施了。但在否定句式中，因为表示主语“无能力”，所以不存在能力的实施问题。这时，两者意义 统一，可以通用。例如：I couldnt/wasnt able to pass exam.没能考及格。He couldnt/wasnt to to see his country reunited.精品资料他没能活着亲眼见到祖国的重新统一。一般说来 be able to 边动不式有动态如I sure

5、 he is to correct his mistakes grammar.而不说 Im sure his mistakes are able be corrected by him例 3：In China even barren mountains_ turned into fertile fields. A)can B) can be C) is able to D) is able to beCould 是 can 的过去式，可以用示去能或可性I could run very fast I was young. 我年轻时跑得很快I couldn understand what at 我

6、一点也听不懂他说的话例 4 _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. A) should have received B) has C) couldnt have received D) ought to have received例 5：The fire spread very quickly，but luckily everyone_ get out. A to B C、could 、was to示异怀How could you be so careless? 你么会这样粗心We thought the story c

7、ould be true. 我们时以为那个故事不会是真的。 以替 用于在动，语较委，：Could I use your bike?我可以用一下你的自行车吗？You could do it this way.你可以把这个男孩带去（2）may 的法来问表允（在此用法中 may 和第一人称连用时都以疑问句形式出现） May I ask you a ？可以问你一个问题吗？You may take the boy there.你可以把这个男孩带去。He may come if he likes.如他想来，可以来They may stay in our 他可以在我家歇息。例 6： _ I use your

8、 eraser, Rose? Sure. Here you are.A. May B. Would C. Need D. Must示话的测认某事“许或可”生We may call on you this evening我们也许今天晚上会来看你（们）She may not like this place她可能不喜欢这个地方Might 是 may 的过去形式表示问允或能推等。如：Might I give you a piece of advice?我可否给你提个建议Might 比 may 更客气）He told me he might come.他说他可能来（Might 与 told 相呼应都是过

9、去式）I was afraid he might not like this 精品资料我当时担心他可能不喜欢这个地主Might 与 相呼应，都是表示过去。)【注意】。有时 Might 也用表现的情只可性 may 更一，： He might know her 他许知道她的地址。Be careful, you might break it. 小点，要不你可能会将它打碎May(might)加词定的成可表对去推、为某在去可” 发，一法 may 和 might 都指过，过 might 更含蓄更肯。： He may (might) have watched TV the whole night.(For

10、looks very sleep)他可能看了一夜电视（因为他看上去非常困倦）They might ( may) not caught the 他们可能没赶紧上车。（3）must 的法示必”“当。如：We must rely ourselves.我们必须依靠自己You must finish the work before four oclock.你必须在四点前干完这项工作例 7：Another cup of tea?No, thanks. I _ be off. Gina is waiting for me.A. can B. must C. may例 8：Must I get up earl

11、y tomorrow morning?No, _.A. you mustnt B. I dont think you have toC. you cant D. you need例 9：It rained heavily, so we _ stay at home watchingTV or surfing the Internet all day.A. could B. had to C. mustmust 只有现式无他态化，常只来示在，有出以 must 表 过（用间引中，：He told me I do according to what said. 他我说，我必须按他说的做。 must

12、也可表推，比 may 肯得，译“定或准”如：He must be in the library.他在准在图书馆It must be four in the morning 现在一定是到了清晨四点钟了例 10:Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You _ be joking!Im serious. Its made of silk.A. must B. need C. may D. canmust 引导的般问，定答 needn 或 dont have toMust I finish my homework today, Miss Liu?No, you need

13、nt /dont have to 。（4）have to 的用法后接动词原形，表示“不得不、必须”的意思，它比 must 含有“客观条件使得必须如此 做”的意思。并有较多的时态，如：We have to get up early.我不得不早起We will have get up early tomorrow. 我们明天必须早起We had to get up early at time. 我那时不得不早起Must 和 have to 的别精品资料 表的是说话人的主观看 have to 表示的是客观需要Must 一般只有现在 时，而 have to 有多的形式。在下面情况下两都就不宜换用：It

14、 raining heavily, we cant go now. think well have to wait till rain stops.雨得太大了，我们现在法走，我想我们只能等雨停了再走We must ask for permission if we do 如果我们要干，一定要先征得同意。例 11： you go skating with us this afternoon?Sorry, I t. I _ take care of my sister at home.A.can B. may C. would D. have to（5）ought to 的用示有务有要作事You o

15、ught to finish your work you home.你每天回家前应把工作做完You ought not to be so careless. 你不应当这样粗心示常能事His father ought to know his address.他你亲总该知道他的地址吧If we start work right now, we ought to finish it before 如果我们现在开始干，午饭前应当能干完ought to 后接词定的成，用定构表示去事做未，用 定构则示去该的情生。You ought to have careful.你应当更仔细些才是（但事实是当时没有仔细行

16、事）You ought not to have interrupted them.你当时不应当打断他们（的谈话），（但当时的事实是打断了别人的谈话。）【注意】：此用法相当于should (not) have done结构例：They _ discuss it now.A. ought to not B. not ought toC. dont ought to D. ought not to例： Ought we to clean the classroom now?- Yes, we _.A. ought B. should C. must D. can（6）dare 的法dare 表示敢的

17、思它过时 dared在I dare say”种构，dare 极少作定构的态词般在定和问中和其他情态词一样dare 不随称变化而变后所 的词定不 to 也就动原。如：I dare not tell the truth.我不敢照实说出Dare she go out alone at night?她敢一个人夜间出去吗？Dare 也实义动词形式，在现在英语中dare 作实义动词的时候更多一些。（7 的用need 表示需”用与 dare 几乎全相同即用否句疑问中本无精品资料化例： Need you go to work now? Yes, I _.A. must B. need C. can D. da

18、re肯句通用 need 有实动形，法其他义词样如：I think he needs to do it 我认为他需要重新做一次。（此句中的 needs 是义动词。）【注意】：need 后有名词或动名词作宾语时need 是实义动词，但后接动名词的句子相 当于被动语态，如：We need some more hands. 我需要更多的帮手The garden needs cleaning.(=The garden needs be cleaned.) 院要清扫了The flowers need watering.(=The flowers need to be watered.) 花浇水了例： Yo

19、ur room is full of dust. It_.A. need clean B. need cleaningC. need to be cleaned D. needs to be cleanedneed 和 dare 作情动和义词区：两 者 作 情 态 动 词 时 常 用 于 否 句 。 其 形 式 为 ： neednt/darent do ； Need/daredo做 实 义 动 词 时 可 用 于 肯 定 ， 定 句 和 疑 问 句 。 其 形 式 为 ： need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to dont(doesnt) need/dar

20、e do注意句 dare say+从。 意是我肯定 Im sure 或 is no doubt that+ 从句。例句：I dare say m sure/There is no doubt that my uncle will get the money if I die. （8）shall 的法主用第人的问中表征对意。：What shall I do 我在该干点什么Shall we go together?咱们一走好吗例：What _ we do tonight.A.will B.shall C.should should 用示劝、议，作应”You should study hard.你应

21、当努力学习You should the s advice.你当听大夫的话We should help other.我应当互相帮助例： _ help the people in need.A. can B. ought to C. should D. could示推、能They should get home by now.他们现在该到家了The book should be available in the bookstore.这书在书店里可能有卖的接词成时表过的情肯结表该没；否结表不做 但生。I should have written you earlier.应当早引起给你写回信（但没写）Y

22、ou shouldnt have told him this.不应当把这告诉他。（但告诉了）精品资料例：I missed the train. You _ me that the timetablehad changed.A. should to tell B. should have toldC. ought have to tell D. ought have told to 和 should 的别表示出于法令规则为则责任等客观情况该某时一般应用 ought 若用 则有个人意见强主观看.在公告或例中出礼貌,常用 should. 如：We ought to go and see Mary t

23、omorrow,but I think we will.明我们按理应该 去看看玛丽但我认为我们不会(句不宜用 should).You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不在游泳池边奔跑例： _ cross the street against the red light.A. ought not B. ought to notC. shouldnt to D. oughtnt to will, would 的法主用第人的问中表说人对提请，would 较 will 更委婉 Will you help me? 你帮帮我吗？Would you li

24、ke some tea? 你喝点茶吗？Will you please tell the way to the station? 请问到车站怎么走？would you回答方式有以下种： Yes, I will. (No, I won Sure.(I m sorry,I can All right/OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.例：Would you do me a favor?_.A.Thats right B.With pleasure D.No trouble used 的用后接动词原形，表以经发生动，现

25、不这了通常用于肯定句中）。 I used to get up early，我以前经常早起（现在不是这样了）He used to read aloud everyday. 他前天天朗读（但现在不是了）注意：句型be + used ”接动名词或名词，表示习惯“：I am not quite used to the weather, here. 不大习惯这里的天气Are you used to the food in Beijing?现在习惯吃北京的饭了吗？Im to getting up early.习惯早起。 to 和 would 的别 used to 表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯而 wo

26、uld 只 表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。练习：1、Look at the sign!Oh, I see.We _ waste water.A. can B. mustC. mustnt D. neednt2、Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum? No, you _. But you have to come back before ten oclock.精品资料A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt3、_ I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are.A. May B.Should C.Must D

27、. Would4 be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A.can; may not B.must; may not C.may; cant D.may; mustnt 5 、 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt6、Even the top students i

28、n our class cant work out thisproblem, so it _be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need7、He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill.A. can B. shall C. must D. has to8 I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do9、Need the doctor _ with you tonight?A. staying B. stay C. stays D. to stay10. He must b

29、e in the classroom he?Amustnt Bcant isn Can11. Let go to the shall _ANo cant BYesI CYes，thank you No，Wed better not12.- You ought to have called him yesterday-Yes, I know I_Aought to ought to Cought to ought to called13. -Why did you it a secret from -I _ about A be told ought to have been toldC hav

30、e told ought to be told14. The work _ be a short timeAwasn to Bcouldnt Cought could15. He looks very tired _ to too late last nightAmust go Bmust could go didnt go16. The door lockAcant Bmay not Cwont mustnt17. As a soldier，you do as the head tells youAwill shall Cmay ought18. How _ you be so careless?A Bwill Ccould Dmay19. I talked for a long time，and in the end I_ make her believe Acould can Cmust Dwas able to精品资料20. Did you scold him for carelessne