考研英语大作文一课件

1、Courseware 14 for Postgraduate Entrance Examination考研英语大作文Huanggang Normal University Liu ShenghuaCourseware 14 for Postgradua考研英语大作文Practice Makes Perfect!Chapter 14LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012考研英语大作文Practice Makes Perfect!大纲解读LiuShenghuaSchool of Fo

2、reign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012大纲解读LiuShenghuaSchool of Fore一、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：考生应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；遵循文章的特定文体格式；合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。一、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：（二）考试内容：B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160200词高质量的议论文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。近几年来则

3、集中体现为灵活多变、隐含寓意的图示、漫画作文和具有学术分析特点的图表作文。这要求考生要精确设置构架，内容、例子紧扣主题，并且严谨地遣词造句。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。（二）考试内容：B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇1602（三）评分原则和方法：1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。B节B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。（三）评分原则和方法：1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确

4、定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。3、B节作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档有图作文思路（1）写作三段论Introduction图画描述段，引言段，起始段Body主体/拓展段,意义阐释段 【消极寓意类 积极寓意类】Conclusion结论段，建议措施段有图作文思路（1）写作三段论（2）三段安排等边六边形结构 三

5、段论首段3-4句中间段5-6句尾段3-4句（2）三段安排等边六边形结构 三段论首段中间段5-6句尾图画描述段的写法三至四句(50-55词)：1. General description：总体描述 寻找出图画的中心事物，确定中心事物 的位置，从动作和状态两方面来描述画面中的中心事物；2. Details：挖掘细节词，联结成句 寻找中心事物周围相关的事物，并进行简单的描述 ( 细节描述）3.Caption：文字说明 若图画下方有 caption，可将其翻译为英语10图画描述段的写法三至四句(50-55词)：10描述段写法LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHua

6、nggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012描述段写法LiuShenghuaSchool of For范例确定关键词：中心火锅 hot pot细节文化元素cultural elements/ingredients/terms文化名人cultural celebrity范例确定关键词：提示语的翻译文化“火锅”，既美味又营养The caption reads, “Cultural hot pot, both delicious and nutritious” Line of text below the picture reads, “Cultural hot po

7、t, both delicious and nutritious”提示语的翻译文化“火锅”，既美味又营养连词成句宏观概述+细节描述 一个大大的火锅，火锅里有很多东西方文化元素的名字，比如：莎士比亚、孔子、京剧、天鹅湖等。 There is a hot pot in the picture. In the hot pot we can see many cultural terms, such as.连词成句宏观概述+细节描述改善表达In the picture stands a hot pot, which contains /containing /in which we can see a

8、 variety of/various cultural terms/ingredients/elements of both western and eastern background, such as Shakespeare, Confucius, Beijing Opera, Swan Lake and so on.改善表达In the picture stands a ho段落合成 （宏观概述）In the picture above is /stands a large hot pot, （细节描述) which contains a variety of/various cult

9、ural terms/ ingredients/ elements of both western and eastern background, such as Shakespeare, Confucius, Beijing Opera, Swan Lake and so on. （提示语翻译）The caption reads, “Cultural hot pot, both delicious and nutritious” （结尾套话）By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper social message is tran

10、smitted to us.段落合成 （宏观概述）In the picture abov练习 确定关键词：中心残疾人disabled/handicapped men相互搀扶help/support each other with firm hands向前奔跑running/walking/striding forward细节扔下拐杖crutches left behind两腿绑在一起legs bound together练习 确定关键词：legs bound togethercrutches left behindcaptionrunning/walking/striding forwardl

11、egs bound togethercrutches le连词成句宏观概述+细节描述 两个残疾青年 ，抛开拐杖，两腿绑在一起，相互搀扶正在向前奔跑。 Two disabled young men, with crutches left behind and legs bound together, are supporting each other with their firm hands and running forward on the ground. Two handicapped young men are striding forward on the ground. Crutc

12、hes left behind and legs bound together, they are supporting each other with their firm hands.连词成句宏观概述+细节描述 两个残疾青年 ，抛开拐杖，两腿提示语的翻译你一条腿 我一条腿 你我一起 走南闯北The caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs.The caption reads, “You have only/merely one leg and so do I.

13、Helping each other, we can travel all around”提示语的翻译你一条腿 我一条腿 你我一起 走南闯北合成语段 （宏观概述）As is vividly depicted in the picture, there are two disabled/handicapped young men running / walking /striding forward (现在分词伴随状语)on the ground/in the fields. （细节描述）Legs bound together and crutches left behind, they are

14、 supporting each other with their firm hands .（提示语翻译）“You have only/merely one leg and so do I. Helping each other, we can travel all around”, the caption reads.（结尾套话）By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.合成语段 （宏观概述）As is vividly depic描述段写法总结：第1句：宏

15、观概括 (图画最直观信息，中心事物)第2-3句：细节描述（中心事物周围相关的事物）第4句：提示语翻译第5句：结尾套话描述段写法总结：第1句：宏观概括 (图画最直观信息，中心事物More examples:1. 如图所示，在椅子上有一个年轻人，希望理发师把自己的头发理成贝克汉姆的样子。As is vividly drawn in the picture, in the chair sits a young man, having his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.More examples:1. 如图所示，在椅子上有一个年倒装非谓语动词/非限定性定语从句

16、With结构 (改）As is vividly shown in the photo, in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl, (who is) in traditional Chinese costume, wearing necklace and its like, with a sweet smile on her face. 2. 初写： There is a pretty American girl in the picture. The girl is in Chinese traditional costume and wea

17、rs necklace. She is smiling happily.倒装非谓语动词/非限定性定语从句With结构 (改）As3. 如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。As is shown in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle. It spreads brightness around itself.As is shown in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle, spreading brightness around itse

18、lf.3. 如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。4. As is shown in the cartoon, on the playground runs a young man, rushing to the final, which is defined as another start one. 4. As is shown in the cartoon,5. （2009）As is illustrated in the cartoon,1 each (every) person sits in their own work room. In front of them

19、 is a computer. Everyone looks at the screen carefully, and communicates with their colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face. Their work places are placed like a net.2 And below the cartoon, there is a topic which says: the near and far among the Internet.3 5. （2009）As is illustrat

20、ed in 描述段写作套路与表达 (宏观概括) As is vividly depicted/portrayed in the picture, 中心事物动作或状态 +(细节描述) with/ing/ed/which/who+ (提示语翻译) The caption indicates that/reads：“”+(结尾套话) By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.描述段写作套路与表达 (宏观概括) As is vividl第一段常用首句写法1.The

21、picture/ drawing/ cartoon/ above vividly/ interestingly/ humorously describe+名词这幅图生动地/有2. Indicated above is a picture that portrays+名词如图所示， 上面的图画描述了。趣地/幽默地描述了。3. As is shown/ depicted in the above picture, 如图所示（后接完整单独句子描写图画） 。4. There are, according to this vivid picture, a young boy 第一段常用首句写法1.The

22、 picture/ drawin第一段常用末句写法1.But is this what the author means to tell us? Certainly not.但是这真是作者想要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了。2. Funny (Simple) as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很有趣（简单），图画的含义确如大海一样深。3. The authors real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides be

23、hind the iceberg.作者的真实目的不是图画本身， 而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。第一段常用末句写法1.But is this what thExercise以上的照片生动地显示出来，相貌英俊的英国足球巨星贝克汉姆在年轻人中广受欢迎。在 第一张照片中，贝克汉姆的名字出现在一个年轻人的额头上，文字表明：对偶像的崇拜写在了脸上。在第二张照片中，这个年轻人正在理发店中做贝克汉姆的时髦发 型。我们得到的信息是他正花300元来模仿偶像的发式 (2006年）Exercise以上的照片生动地显示出来，相貌英俊的英国足球Exercise As is vividly depicted

24、 in the photos above, Beckham, the handsome British football superstar, is enjoying a striking popularity among young people. In the first photo, Beckhams name appears on a young mans face. The caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face. In the second photo, this young man is

25、 doing Beckhams chic hairstyle in a barbershop. We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idols hairdo.Exercise As is vividly depi 正如图画形象地描绘，一个男人和女人，可能是一对情人，在游览的小船上享乐，并把各种各样的垃圾扔进湖里，如：鱼骨、套餐、塑料袋等。图画下写着说明文字：“旅途之余”。(2011年） As is vividly sketched out in the drawing, a man and a woman, pr

26、obably a couple, are enjoying themselves in a sightseeing boat, throwing various rubbish into the lake, such as fish bones, food containers, and plastic bags. Written below the picture is the caption: “The leftovers of the Journey”. 正如图画形象地描绘，一个男人和女人，可能是一对情人，（二）图画作文写作考研论说文1. 框架结构：第一段：图画描述，3句总体描述：人物/

27、动物/事物动作/服装环境/表情，1句挖掘细节词、串连成句：12句文字说明/象征寓意：1句（二）图画作文写作考研论说文第一段：图画描述，3句第二段：意义阐释，5句主题句：象征寓意，1句论证：3句基础一般的同学：讲原因：讲故事：联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）小结：1句第二段：意义阐释，5句主题句：象征寓意，1句论证：3句基础较好的同学：五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证小结：1句第二段：意义阐释，5句第二段：意义阐释，5句第三段：建议措施，4句结论句：1句针对双方提建议：2句包装结尾、

28、展望未来：1句第三段：建议措施，4句2. 启承转合：启：启动观点、开篇点题承：观点承接、正面论证First (ly) In the first place First and foremost Above all On the one handFor one thing,Second (ly) In the second place BesidesIn additionWhat is more Furthermore MoreoverOn the other hand For anotherThird (ly)(The) Last but not (the) leastMore importa

29、ntly Even worse2. 启承转合：启：启动观点、开篇点题Second (ly)转：观点转折、反面论证Conversely Nevertheless Unfortunately WhereasYet Instead In/By comparison/ contrast, On the contrary合：文章结尾、合并归纳As a result/consequence Consequently AccordinglyThus Hence Generally/Briefly speaking 转：观点转折、反面论证合：文章结尾、合并归纳3. 图画作文范文1. 2003 Directio

30、ns: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the followingdescribe the set of drawings and interpret its meaningpoint out its implications in our life.3. 图画作文范文1. 2003 Direction范文：【第一段】The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in diff

31、erent circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhous

32、e and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast about on the grounds.范文：【第二段】To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveye

33、d should be taken more seriously. The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.

34、Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.【第二段】【第三段】Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we

35、can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong pers

36、onality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world. 【第三段】2.【2006】 Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should describe the photos briefly; interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, give your point of view.Y

37、ou should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)图一：把崇拜写在脸上。图二：花300元做个小贝头。注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。2.【2006】 Directions: Study the The photos vividly depict that nowadays many people, especially, young fellows are tracing such fashion. The first one signed the name of Beckham on his l

38、eft face, while the second one asked the hairdresser to copy the hair style of Beckham with about 300 yuan. Both of them are typical fans of the well-known British football playerBeckham.【18分样文】 The photos vividly depict This kind of social phenomenon is not entirely a coincidence. There are reasons

39、 accounting for this fashion. Firstly, with the rapid development of society, some people feel dull and desperate about the reality, so they desire to find some famous people as their idols. In the way, they feel satisfied with their life and have a goal to achieve. Secondly, just opposite to the ab

40、ove, others are just fashion tracers. They barely want to show that they are keeping step with the fashion. Thirdly, some people even dont have any special purpose but to do it as others. In their deep heart, they dont treat it as fashion but as fun.This kind of social phenomenonFrankly speaking, th

41、is social phenomenon is very dangerous to the whole society. Some young men spend most of their time decorating themselves as their idols. As a result, they dont have enough time to study or work, then they are always left behind. Moreover, it is harmful to the establishment of a harmonious society.

42、To draw a conclusion, we dont deny that people should have their idols to admire, but in a sensible way. They can learn from what they have achieved and try to behave that way. And also parents should give proper advice to their children to form a proper outlook of the world.Frankly speaking, this s

43、ocial 图画作文出题特征图片描述-概述图片的表面信息；图片寓意- 图片作者通过图片欲揭示的深层次寓意，分析原因或根源；评论、建议或感想- 根据图片寓意畅谈感想，作出评论或提出建议，为或得高分，考生通常需结合本人的看法和观点。图画作文出题特征图片描述-概述图片的表面信息；语段写作拔高思路LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012语段写作拔高思路LiuShenghuaSchool of Lin Chi-ling was born in 1974.Lin Chi-ling is 1.7

44、5 m.Lin Chi-ling is a supermodel in Taiwan.Lin Chi-ling was selected as “Taiwans Beauty” in 2003.Lin Chi-ling replaced Stephanie.小句表达：Lin Chi-ling was born in 1974.提升后的句子： Born in 1974 and with a height of 1.75m, Lin Chi-ling , a supermodel in Taiwan, was selected to replace Stephanie as “Taiwans Be

45、auty” in 2003.提升后的句子： Born in 1974 and wiBorn in 1974 and with a height of 1.75m, 伴随状语 介词短语Lin Chi-ling ,a supermodel in Taiwan, 同位语was selectedto replace Stephanie 不定式as “Taiwans Beauty” in 2003. 时间状语分析：Born in 1974 and with a height语段提升之 描写篇1） “弱智化思考，高起点表达”no missing information“1900年海里有很多很多的鱼，而海面

46、上只有很少很少的捕鱼船。然而，到了1995年，海面上的捕鱼船越来越多，黑压压的一片，海里的鱼则变得越来越少，几乎快要灭绝”语段提升之 描写篇1） “弱智化思考，高起点表达”弱智化思考no missing information“1900年海里有很多很多的鱼，而海面上只有很少很少的捕鱼船。然而，到了1995年，海面上的捕鱼船越来越多，黑压压的一片，海里的鱼则变得越来越少，几乎快要灭绝”In 1990, there were different kinds of fishes in the sea and there are only a few fishing-boats on the sea.

47、 However, in 1995, fishing-boats were becoming more and more while the fishes in the sea are becoming fewer and fewer, even will die out.弱智化思考In 1990, there were diffe高起点替换词：很多很多：a great many, a large quantity of, a multitude of, plenty of, a host of, an array of, a wealth of各种各样的：a wide variety of,

48、 various, numerous, manifold高起点：In 1990, the sea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface. By contrast, with the elapse of time, commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea. As a result, the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatic

49、ally.高起点替换词：高起点：In 1990, the sea ab【低层次】In 1990, there were different kinds of fishes in the sea and there are only a few fishing-boats on the sea. However, in 1995, fishing-boats were becoming more and more while the fishes in the sea are becoming fewer and fewer, even will die out.【更高层次】In 1990, t

50、he sea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface. By contrast, with the elapse of time, commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea. As a result, the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatically.比较：【低层次】【更高层次】比较：2) 总括描写与分述描写相结合As is

51、 unfolded in the pictures（“如图所示”经典开篇句），with rampant world commercial fishing in the past century（1900-1995），ocean resources have registered an unprecedented crisis：the number of fishes has been shrinking at an astonishing rate. (总括描写揭示图画主题) In 1990, the sea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats

52、floating on the surface. By contrast, with the elapse of time, commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea. As a result, the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatically.（分述描写具体勾勒）2) 总括描写与分述描写相结合As is unfolded 如图所示：As is vividly describeddepicted in the pi

53、cturecartoon drawing ；The picturecartoon drawing shows thatWe can see clearly from the picturecartoon drawing thatThe picturecartoon drawing shows thatAs can be seen from the picturecartoon drawing, 如图所示：ExerciseAs is vividly depicted in the drawing，a football player is fully poised to take a shot a

54、t the opponents goal，while a goal-keeper is on full alert against the players sudden attack. In the players mind，the goal is too small and the goal-keeper is like a giant filling up the goal. However, quite amusingly，the goal-keeper visualizes himself as a dwarf against such an enormously big goal.E

55、xerciseAs is vividly depicted考研图画作文拔高思路寓意阐述篇写作思路：主题句揭示寓意或者图画所描述的现象在生活中的反映。通过举例子或分析原因或比较利弊等等方式展开论证。最后或重申寓意或指明结果或归纳意义进行小结。考研图画作文拔高思路寓意阐述篇写作思路：主题句揭示寓意It is evident that the pictures are to awaken us to the fact that there is a growing urgency to protect our precious ocean resources.（开篇主题句揭示象征意义或寓意） As

56、a consequence of over-fishing，this species is crawling towards the brink of extinction.(分析原因)If we let it go as it is，we can most assuredly predict that the existing ocean resources will be drained in the foreseeable future. By then，the ecological balance will have been upset， which in turn will pla

57、y great havoc with human beings at large.(指明结果)It is evident that the picture2001As shown in the picture，love is like a lamp which shines brightest in the dark places. This tells us a simple truth：Love is like a lamp; it is most valuable when it is most needed.2002With the amazing advance of technol

58、ogy and economy，the world is shrinking into “a global village”，making cultural exchanges between countries more and more frequent. 其他题目20012002其他题目2003Apparently，the Flower in the greenhouse cannot withstand wind and rains. However，what this set of drawings conveys goes far beyond that：The protectio

59、n of the greenhouse is to the delicate flower what parents excessive love and caring is to the growth of their children. 2004Clearly，this cartoon conveys to us the implication that life is a journey in which one should make unremitting efforts and can never afford to rest in his laurel. Do bear in o

60、ur mind：one destination is nothing but another starting point.200320042005What the cartoon portrays is thought-provoking，and what it illustrated is a common case in todays society：many grown-ups evade the responsibility of taking care of their aging parents.2006Recent years has witnessed a craze of