(推荐)3D打印外文文献翻译最新译文

1、文献出处:PaulG.3DprintingtechnologyanditsapplicationJ.Anatomicalscienceseducation,2015,10(3):430-450.原文3DprintingtechnologyanditsapplicationPaulGAbstract3Dprintingtechnologyintheindustrialproductdesign,especiallytheapplicationofdigitalproductmodelmanufacturingisbecomingatrendandhottopic.Desktoplevelgrad

2、uallymatureandapplicationof3DprintingdevicesbegantopromotetheriseoftheGlobal3Dprintingmarket,GlobalindustrialAnalysiscompany(GlobalIndustryAnalysisInc)researchreportpredictsGlobal3Dprintingmarketin2018willbe$2.99billion.Keywords:3Dprinting;Application;Trend3Dprintingand3Dprinters3Dprintingand3Dprint

3、ingaretwoentirelydifferentconcepts.3Dprintingisseparatedintodifferentanglesthepictureofthered,bluetwoimages,thenthetwoimagesaccordingtotheregulationofparallaxdistanceoverprinttogether,usingspecialglassestocreatethe3Dvisualeffect,orafterspecialtreatment,thepictureprinteddirectlyonthespecialgratingpla

4、te,thusrendering3Dvisualeffectofprintingtechnology.And3Dprintingreferstothe3Dink-jetprintingtechnology,stackedwithhierarchicalprocessingforms,printincreasestepbystepamaterialtogeneratea3Dentity,meetwith3Dmodels,suchaslaserformingtechnologyofmanufacturingthesamereal3Dobjectdigitalmanufacturingtechnol

5、ogy.3Dprinters,dependingonthetechnologyusedbyitsworkingprinciplecanbedividedintotwocategories:3Dprinterbasedon3DprintingtechnologyBasedon3Dprintingtechnologyof3Dprinter,bystoredbarrelsoutacertainamountofrawmaterialpowder,powderonprocessingplatformisrollerpushedintoathinlayer,thentheprintheadinneedof

6、formingregionaljetisakindofspecialglue.Atthistime,mettheadhesivewillrapidlysolidifiedpowderbinder,anddoesnotmeettheadhesivepowderremainloosestate.Aftereachspraylayer,theprocessingplatformwillautomaticallyfallabit,accordingtotheresultofcomputerchipcycle,untiltherealfinished.Afterjustremovetheouterlay

7、eroftheloosepowdercanobtainrequiredformanufacturingthree-dimensionalphysical.3DprintersbasedonfuseddepositionmanufacturingtechnologyBasedonfuseddepositionmanufacturingtechnologyoftheworkingprincipleof3Dprinterisfirstinthecontrolsoftwareof3DprintersintophysicaldatageneratedbyCADandtreatedgeneratedtos

8、upportthemovementofmaterialsandthermalspraypath.Thenhotnozzlewillbecontrolledbycomputeraccordingtothephysicalsectioncontourinformationinprintedplanarmotionontheplane,atthesametimebythermoplasticfilamentousmaterialforwireagencysenttothehotshower,andafterthenozzletoaddheatandmeltintoaliquidextrusion,a

9、ndsprayinginthecorrespondingworkplatform.Spraythermoplasticmaterialontheplatformafterrapidcoolingformtheoutlineofathicknessof0.1mmwafer,forminga3Dprintingsection.Theprocesscycle,load,decreaseofbenchheightthenlayersofcladdingformingstacked3Dprintingsection,ultimatelyachievethedesiredthree-dimensional

10、object.Theapplicationof3DprintingneedsThe3Dprintingtechnologysupportforavarietyofmaterials,canbewidelyusedinjewelry,footwear,industrialdesign,construction,automotive,aerospace,dental,medical,andevenfood,etc.Differentareas.,accordingtotherequirementsofapplicationtargetsusedbymaterialwithresin,nylon,g

11、ypsum,ABS,polycarbonate(PC)orfoodingredients,etc.3Dprintersofrapidprototypingtechnologyhasadistinctadvantageinthemarket,thehugepotentialintheproductionapplication,hotapplicationsoutlinedbelow.IndustrialapplicationsAircyclingislocatedinBristol,UKtheEuropeanaeronauticdefenseandSpaceCompanyusing3Dprint

12、ers,applicationof3Dprintingtechnologytocreatetheworldsfirstprintbike.Thebiketouseasstrongassteelandaluminumalloymaterialofnylon,theweightis65%lighterthanmetalmaterials.Moreinterestingly,airbike,chainwheelsandbearingsareprintedatatime,withouttheoriginalmanufacturepartsfirst,andthenthepartstogetherofa

13、ssemblyprocess,afterprinting,bicycleswillbeabletomovefreely.Bicyclemanufacturingprocesslikeprintingdiscontinuousingraphicprintassimplelines,3Dprintercanprintouttheobjectspaceisnotconnectedtoeachother.MedicalapplicationsInmedicine,theuseof3Dprintingwilltwo-photonpolymerandbiologicalfunctionalmaterial

14、scombinationmodifiedintothecapillaries,notonlyhasgoodflexibilityandcompatibilityofhumanbody,alsocanbeusedtoreplacethenecrosisofbloodvessels,combinedwithartificialorgans,partlyreplacingexperimentalanimalsindrugdevelopment.BiotechnologyinGermanyinOctober2011show,BiotechnicalFair),using3Dprintersprinta

15、rtificialbloodcapillarytoattracttheattentionoftheparticipants,theseartificialcapillaryhasbeenappliedinclinicalmedicine.applicationofdailylife3DfoodprinterisdevelopedbyCornellUniversityinNewYork,theUnitedStatesfoodmanufacturingequipment.The3Dfoodprinterusedsimilarroutinecomputerprinters,theworkingpri

16、ncipleofingredientsandingredientsinthecontainer(cartridge)inadvanceonlyneedtoentertherequiredrecipe,bysupportingtheCADsoftwarecankeepthefoodprintout.Formanychefs,thenewkitchencookingmeansthattheycancreatenewdishesmakefoodmoreindividuality,higherfoodvalue.Usingthe3Dfoodprintermakingfood,fromrawmateri

17、alstofinishedproductscansignificantlyreducethelink,soastoavoidthepollutioninthelinksoffoodprocessing,transportation,packingandsoonandpreservation,etc.Becauseofthecookingmaterialsandingredientsmustbeplacedintheprinter,sofoodrawmaterialsmustbeliquidorothercanprintstate.ITapplicationsRecently,agroupofr

18、esearchersinDisneysuseof3Dprintinginthesameeffectwiththeorganicglasshighpervioustolightplastic,atlowcosttoprintouttheLCDscreenwithavarietyofsensors,realizethenewbreakthroughintheITapplications.Using3Dprintinglightpipecanproducehigh-techinternationalchess;thechesspiecescandetectanddisplaythecurrentlo

19、cation.Althoughthemonochromescreencomparedwithinthedailylife,richandcolorfuldisplaysomeinsignificant,butithasa3Dprintingtheadvantagesoflowcost,simplemanufacturingprocess.Inadditiontothedisplayscreen,theuseof3Dprintingwillalsobeabletoprintoutavarietyofsensors.Thesesensorscanbethroughthestimulationsuc

20、hasinfraredlighttodetecttouch,vibration,andtheresultsoutput.3DprintingwillcreatemoreforlifeandwisdomcityofITapplications.Thedevelopmenttrendof3Dprintingtechnology3Dprintingtechnologycontinuestodevelop,greatlyreducethecostofthealreadyfromresearchanddevelopmentofnichespaceintothemainstreammarket,themo

21、mentumofdevelopmentisunstoppable,hasbecomeawidespreadconcernandcivilmarketrapidlyemergingnewareas.3Dprintingproductionmodel,theapplicationofgifts,souvenirsandartsandcrafts,greatlyattractedsocialattentionandinvestment,developmentspeed,themarketbegantoquantityandqualitativeleap.Itispredictedthatin2020

22、,3Dprintingproductswillaccountfor50%ofthetotalproduction.Inthenext10yearsonthecomputertocompletetheproductdesignblueprint,gentlypresstheprintkey,3Dprinterscanbitbybitwiththedesignedmodel.Nowsomefoundryenterprisesbegantodevelopselectivelasersintering,3Dprinteranditsapplicationtocomplexcastingtimeredu

23、cedfrom3monthsto10days.Enginemanufacturersthrough3Dprinting,largesix-cylinderdieselenginecylinderheadofsandcoredevelopmentcycles,reducedto1weekfromthepast5months.Thebiggestadvantageof3Dprintingistoexpandthedesignersimaginationspace.Aslongasyoucanonthecomputerdesigninto3Dgraphics,whetherisdifferentst

24、ylesofdress,eleganthandicraft,orpersonalizedcar,aslongascansolvetheproblemofmaterial,canachieve3Dprinting.With3Dprintingtechnologybreakthroughs,constantlyimprovedincreasingly,thenewmaterialof3Dprintinginimprovingspeed,size,itstechnologyisconstantlyoptimized,expandingapplicationfields,especiallyinthe

25、fieldofgraphicartpotential,produceroftheconceptof3Dmodelcanbettercommunicateideasorsolutions,apicturecanbemorethanafewhundredoreventhousandsofwordsofdescription.Professionalsbelievethatpersonalizedorcustomized3Dprintingcanbeenvisionedareal-time3Dmodelintheeyes,canquicklyimproveproduct,growthwillbemo

26、rethanimagine,willshapethefutureofsocialapplications.3Dprintingtechnologytoeliminatetraditionalproductionline,shortentheproductioncycle,greatlyreduceproductionwaste,rawmaterialsconsumptionwillbereducedtoafractionoftheoriginal.3Dprintingisnotonlycostsavings,improveproductionprecision,alsowillmakeupfo

27、rtheinadequacyoftraditionalmanufacturing,andwillriserapidlyinthecivilianmarket,thusopeninganeweraofmanufacturing,bringnewopportunitiesandhopefortheprintingindustry.译文3D打印技术及其应用PaulG摘要3D打印技术在工业产品设计，特别是数字产品模型制造领域的应用正在成为一种潮流和热门话题。桌面级3D打印设备的逐渐成熟和应用开始推动全球3D打印市场的兴起，全球工业分析公司(GlobalIndustryAnalysisInc)的研究报告

28、预测2018年全球3D打印市场将达到29.9亿美元。关键词：3D打印；应用；趋势3D打印技术与3D打印机3D打印技术与3D印刷是两个完全不同的概念。3D印刷是将图片分离成不同角度的红、蓝两张图片，然后将这两张图片按照规定的视差距离套印在一起，并用特殊眼镜观看来形成3D视觉效果，或者将图片经过特殊处理后，直接印刷在特殊的光栅板上，从而呈现3D视觉效果的印刷技术。而3D打印技术是指采用三维喷墨打印技术，通过分层加工与叠加成形相结合的方法，逐层打印增加材料来生成3D实体，达到与激光成型等其他3D模型制造技术相同3D真实物体的数字制造技术。3D打印机按照所使用技术的不同，其工作原理可分为两类：基于三维

29、打印技术的3D打印机基于三维打印技术的3D打印机先由储存桶送出一定量的原材料粉末，粉末在加工平台上被滚筒推成薄薄一层，接着打印头在需要成形的区域喷出一种特殊的黏合剂。此时，遇到黏合剂的粉末会迅速固化黏结，而没有遇到黏合剂的粉末则仍保持松散状态。每喷完一层，加工平台就会自动下降一点，根据电脑切片的结果不断循环，直到实物完成。完成之后只要扫除松散的外层粉末便可获得所需制造的三维实物。基于熔融沉积制造技术的3D打印机基于熔融沉积制造技术的3D打印机的工作原理是先在3D打印机的控制软件中导入由CAD生成的实物数据，经处理生成支撑材料和热喷头的运动路径。然后热喷头会在计算机的控制下根据实物的截面轮廓信息

30、在打印平面上进行平面运动，同时热塑性丝状材料由供丝机构送至热喷头，并在喷头中加热和熔化成半液态后挤压出，并喷涂在相应的工作平台上。喷涂热塑性材料快速冷却后在平台上形成一层厚度约0.1mm的轮廓薄片，形成了一个3D打印截面。将这个作业过程不断循环，承载工作台高度随之不断降低，层层熔覆3D打印截面形成多层堆叠，最终获得所需的三维实物。3D打印技术的应用需求目前3D打印技术支持多种材料，可以广泛应用在珠宝首饰、鞋类、工业设计、建筑、汽车、航天、牙科、医疗甚至美食等不同领域。根据应用目标的需求，所使用的材料有树脂、尼龙、石膏、ABS、聚碳酸酯（PC）或食材配料等。3D打印机的快速成型技术使之在市场上独

31、具优势，在生产应用上潜力巨大，热点应用概述如下。工业应用“空气单车”是位于英国布里斯托尔的欧洲航空防务和航天公司采用3D打印机，应用3D打印技术制造出的世界上第一辆打印自行车。这辆自行车使用像钢铁和铝合金一样结实的尼龙材料，重量比金属材料要轻65%。更有趣的是，“空气单车”无论是车轮、链条还是轴承都是一次打印出来的，无需原来先制造零件再将零件组装在一起的总装流程，打印结束后，自行车就能够活动自如。自行车的制造过程就像在平面打印中打印不连续的线条一样简单，3D打印机能够打印出空间彼此不相连的物体。医学应用在医学上，采用3D打印将双光子聚合物和（完整译文请到百度文库）生物功能材料组合修饰成毛细血管

32、，不仅具有良好的弹性和人体相容性，还能够用于替换坏死的血管，与人造器官结合，部分取代药物研发中的实验动物。2011年10月在德国生物科技展（BiotechnicalFair）上，用3D打印机打印出来的人造毛细血管吸引了参会者的关注，这些人造毛细血管已经在临床医学上应用。2.3日常生活应用“3D食物打印机”是美国纽约康奈尔大学研制的食物制造设备。这部“3D食物打印机”采用了类似日常计算机打印机的工作原理，将食材和配料预先放入容器内（墨盒）中，只需输入所需食谱，通过所配套的CAD软件就能把美食“印”出来。对不少厨师而言，这种烹饪的新厨具意味着他们可以创作新菜品，制作出更多个性美食，获得更高的食物附加值。使用“3D食物打印机”制作食物，可以大幅地缩减从原材料到成品的环节，从而避免食物加工、运输、包装等环节中的污染与保存等不利影响。由于烹饪的原料和