2018北京高考英语真题(含答案)

1、参考材料参考材料2018年高考英语真题卷（北京卷）一、单项填空（2018北京）一Hi,ImPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaventseenyouaround?一Hello,Peter.ImBob.IjustonMonday.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted（2018北京）wedontstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.AlthoughWhileIfUntil（2018北京）alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewa

2、rdingexperience.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled（2018北京）Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked（2018北京）Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asA.whichB.whoC.asD.that（2018北京）Durin

3、gtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared（2018北京）Chinashigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown（2018北京）Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahi

4、ghly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.presstopresspressingpressed（2018北京）Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped（2018北京）Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use（2018

5、北京）Withouthissupport,wewouldntbewearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why（2018北京）Intodaysinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.needshouldcanmust（2018北京）Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven（2018北京）一Goodmorning,Mr.Leesoffice.一G

6、oodmorning.IdliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at（2018北京）Thisismyfatherhastaughtmtoalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what二、完形填空（2018北京）完形填空TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith400incashwouldbeasource来源）oftemptation（诱惑）.Butthe1

7、wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith2moreremarkable.Afterspottinga3onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe4toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he5insideandpulledt

8、hewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（联系）thedriver,onlyto6itcontained400innotes,withanother50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter7anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.WhenthecarsownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar一whichwasitselfworth

9、35,000一inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere8tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas9.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis10.Mr.Andersonsaid:Icouldntbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight11hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaid

10、foraplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand12hedidnttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers13.Itsunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare14guysoutthere.Mr.Smithsact15muchofthepublicsattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson16abouttheactofkindnessfromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson16abo

11、uttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto17moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived8,000.111thinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown18himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;heshadjob19andallsorts,Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smi

12、th,thisisapossiblelife-changing20.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.1.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort2.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once3.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel4.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman5.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached6.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe7.A.takingB.leaving

13、C.readingD.writing8.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked9.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen10.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement11.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because12.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just13.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead14.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous15.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew16.A.learnedB

14、.postedC.caredD.heard17.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn18.A.ofB.atC.forD.in19.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications20.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge三、阅读理解（2018北京）阅读理解AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweeks

15、totrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididntdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas11notathletic11.TheideathatIwas11notathletic11stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattle

16、againstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldntevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces鞋带)becameunt

17、ied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:11GOFORIT,RUNNERS!Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Sheneverm

18、indedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels世俗标签)，Icannowcallmyselfa11marathonwinner11.(1)Amont

19、hbeforethemarathon,theauthor.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope(2)WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.(3)Howwastheauthorsfirstmarathon?A

20、.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.(4)Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.（2018北京）阅读理解BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation（航空）CenterIfyourelo

21、okingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometoca

22、mp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhattheyrestudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges荣誉徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksand

23、trysimulated（模拟）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（驾驶舱）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheyle

24、arnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof11downed11pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswi

25、thchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweekthereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat HYPERLINK .(1)WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.(2)ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.

26、A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets(3)Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.(2018北京)阅读理解CPlastic-EatingWormswaxmothHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwinds

27、upinlandfills(垃圾填埋场)，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft

28、100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthatthewormschewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oft

29、heirmass一apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromthewormsstomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood一beeswax一alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.11Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarb

30、on-carbonbond,isthereaswell,11sheexplains,11Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdownin

31、thisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes肠道微生物）？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteamsfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess一

32、notsimply11millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.11（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.(2)AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.id

33、entifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeedC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed(3)ItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmightA.helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbagsA.helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbag

34、sbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinfuture(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?B.TointroducethedietofaD.ToproposenewmeanstokeepA.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.TointroducethedietofaD.Toproposenewmeanstokeepspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownpl

35、astics.eco-balance.(2018北京)阅读理解DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturistsdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingc

36、arsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isntleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.Itshardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourr

37、oads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingve

38、hiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopyorevenworsenthetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindi

39、vidualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblocksto

40、pickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport一anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫车）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectri

41、c,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基础设施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consid

42、eringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesntextendtheworstaspectsofth

43、ecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.(1)Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarsca

44、nA.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs(2)Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthorsmajorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword11fielded11inParagraph4probablymean?

45、A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.(4)Whatistheauthorsattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.四、任务型阅读（2018北京）任务型阅读WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andc

46、orrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations.Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore

47、.Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoonespersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.Also,sometimespre-angerd

48、oesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative消极的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforange

49、rtoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofange

50、r.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourowna

51、ngerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.五、书面表达22.（2018北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：）表示欢迎；2）推荐他上哪所大学；3）建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1）词数不少于50;）开头和结尾已给出,

52、不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua23.（2018北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。答案解析部分一、单项填空1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D二、完形填空(1)C;(2)B;(3)A;(4)C;(5)D;(6)A;(7)B;(8)D;(9)A;(10)C;(11)A;(12)B;(13)D;(14)A;(15)D;(16)B;(17)B;(18)D;(19)C;(20)C;三、阅读理解(1)C(2)C(3)A(4)B(1)A(2)D(3)B(1)C(2)B(3)D(4)C(1)A(2)D(3)A(4)B四、任务型阅读F;G;E;A;D五、书面表达22.DearJim,ImsogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.First