英语必修12讲义和习题1unit2english around the world语法

1、 PAGE 第 7 - 页 简单学习网课程讲义学科：英语专题：必修1：Unit2 English around the world 语法主讲教师：林斌 北京八十中学英语高级教师 HYPERLINK / 北京市海淀区上地东路1号盈创动力大厦E座702B免费咨询电话 4008-110-818总机使句祈使句结构 祈使句主要用来表达请求、命令、建议、叮嘱或祝愿等。祈使句通常省略主语（you），但为了加强语气有时可以加上主语you或增加称呼。You be quick！你快点吧！Be quiet, girls！姑娘们，安静点儿！Have a good trip！（祝你）旅行愉快

2、！题一：Mary, _ here-everybody else, stay where you are.A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming行为动词开头的祈使句。一、动词原形开头。Sit down. 坐下吧！Come in. 进来！Take this seat. 坐这儿。二、在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。 Do be careful. 务必小心。否定结构：Dont move. 不准动。Dont be late. 不要迟到。题二：Please do me a favor_ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth

3、Theater at 7：30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invitedBe开头的祈使句，后常加形容词（系动词开头）。Be careful！ 当心！Be quick！ 快点！Be quiet！ 安静点！Let开头的祈使句Let me carry the box for you.让我替你拿这只箱子吧！Let the boy go home.让这个男孩回家。Let the teacher in first.让老师先进去。Lets动词原形表建议，让我们Lets go fishing this Sunday.让我们这个礼拜日去钓鱼。L

4、ets have a rest.让我们休息一会。Lets stay here.让我们留下来吧！Lets = Let us. Let us 不同语境有不同的含义。Lets “请让我们（咱们），包括谈话的对方。”Lets go out and play football.咱们出去踢足球吧！Lets have a rest！咱们休息一会吧！Let us 意为“请让我们”表示希望得到对方允许，不包括对方。Let us buy you a drink.给你买杯饮料吧！Let us go. （Dont stop us going.）请让我们走吧！ 祈使句+and/or+陈述句(and表示顺承关系，or表示

5、转折关系)。1. Use your head，and youll find a good way(=If you use your head，youll find a good way)动动脑筋，你会找到一种好办法的。2. Hurry up, or well be late(=If we dont hurry up, well be late快点，不然我们就迟到了。题三：_the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A. Having searched

6、B. To searchC. Searching D. Search题四：Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train.A. and B. but C. or D. whileBe so kind/good as+不定式(此句型用来表达客气的请求，so kind/good as相当于kind/good enough)。Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary请把你的字典借给我吧。祈使句中常加上please，表示礼貌，更客气。please可以放句首，也可以放句尾。放句末时要用逗号分开。Please

7、open the door. Open the door, please.请打开门。Please dont forget the meeting. （Dont forget the meeting, please.）请别忘记开会。祈使句的否定式。在句首加dont，常用缩略式。Dont be late for school.上学别迟到。Dont be in such a hurry.别那么忙。Dont run so fast.别跑那么快。Lets 的否定式可以有两种：Lets not 动词原形或Dont lets 动词原形。例：Lets not think about it. Dont lets

8、 think about it. 我们别想这事了。 Lets not have a rest.Dont lets have a rest.祈使句的反意问句形式以行为动词或系动词be或keep开头的祈使句，如果是肯定形式，后加will you 或wont you 构成。Listen to me carefully, will you （wont you）？Pass me the book, will you （wont you）？如果祈使句是否定形式，常用will you. Dont speak so fast, will you？别说那么快，好吗？Dont lie on the grass,

9、will you？别躺在草地上，好吗？Lets构成的祈使句，包括谈话双方，用shall we 构成。Lets go for a walk, shall we？让我们出去散步，好吗？Lets walk there, shall we？让我们走着去那，好吗？Let us 构成的祈使句，不包括对方，请求对方允许，用will you 构成。Let us go there now, will you？让我们去那儿吧，好吗？Let us copy the text, will you？让我们抄课文吧，好吗？ 题五：If you want helpmoney or anything, let me know

10、, _you ? A. dont B. will C. shall D. do直接引语和间接引语直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask , beg, order, warn, advise等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a c

11、up of tea.题一：She told me _ a noise in the hall. A. dont make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not 题二：Martin _ his dog to lie down under the big tree. A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered 题三：The mother said, “Be friendly to others, son.”The mother _ friendly to others.A. asked her son be B.

12、ordered her son to be C. told her son be D. told her son to be题四：I said to my daughter, “Dont make any mistakes in it .”I _ my daughter _ any mistakes in it.A. askeddont make B. ordereddidnt make C. toldnot to make D. toldto not make题五：The teacher said to the boys , “Pay attention to this.”The teach

13、er _ the boys _ attention to _.A. askedpaythis B. orderedto paythis C. toldpaythat D. toldto paythat直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the cinema. He suggested going to the cinema.或He suggested that they should go to the cinema.题六：I said to him, “Lets start at

14、once.”I suggested that we_at once.A. were starting B. were started C. starting D. start题七：I said to her, “Lets go shopping.”I suggested_.A. going shopping B. to go shoppingC. go shopping D. that go shopping有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist, advise等动词加以转述。He said, Lets go to the theatre.He sugge

15、sted (our) going to the theatre.或He suggested that we (should) go to the theatre.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .He advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“Speak English more often in and out of

16、class.” Our English teacher said to us.Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. Our English teacher suggested that we（should）speak English more often in and out of class. 直接引语

17、和间接引语正误辨析“Speak English more often in and out of class.” Our English teacher said to us.Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. （误）Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. （正）Our English teacher suggested that we（sh

18、ould）speak English more often in and out of class. （正）简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask，tell，order等动词，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补，只能接-ing形式或从句（从句用虚拟语气）作宾语。直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“Dont play football on the street，little boys” the policeman said.The police

19、man told the little boys did not play football on the street. The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. 直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“Dont play football on the street，little boys” the policeman said.The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. （误）The policeman

20、 told the little boys not to play football on the street. （正）简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式，变为间接引语时，要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not，does not，did not等。直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“You clean the classroom after class today, Tom.” said the monitor.The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that da

21、y.The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. 直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“You clean the classroom after class today, Tom.” said the monitor.The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.（误）The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. （正）简析：一般而言，祈使句

22、是以动词原形开头的，但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来。直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic.” Peter said to me.Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic. Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. 直接引语和间接引语正误辨析“Its a fine day. Lets