2020年考研真题试题英语一试题及答案解析

1、 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don t . roast. _1_ a cold winter s day, few culinarypleasures can _2_it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined

2、 thatthis _3_ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure _4_ to damage ourhealth.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has _5_ a public .cooked _6_ hightemperatures. This means that people should _7_ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast their bread. But where is

3、 theevidence to support such alarmist advice? _9_ studies .neurological damage inmice, there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is _11_ to cause cancer but have no hardscientific proof. _12_ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is _13to

4、 follow the FSA advice. _14_, it was rumoured . to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up on Sundayalongside . be worth living? _17_, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut outroast foods _18_, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their _19_ riskscoming .

5、just _20_ with no one listening.1.AInDTillCOnBTowards2.AmatchDinfluenceCsatisfyBexpress3.DconcermnBenjoymentCsurpriseApatience4.CcompelledDguaranteedBprivilegedAintensified5.CignoredDcancelledBreceivedAissued6.CforBatDbyAunder7.AforgetBregretDavoidCfinish8.DinitiallyCeasilyApartiallyBregularly9.CIfD

6、WhileAUnlessBSince10.AsecondaryCconclusive DnegativeBextermal11.BboundClikelyAinsufficientDslow12.AOn the basis ofBAt the cost ofCIn addition toDIn contrast to13.AinterestingBadvisableDfortunateCurgent14.BIn particularCBy definitionDAfter allAAs usual15.DpatternCconnectionBcombinationAresemblance16.

7、DusedCsavedAmadeBserved17.ATo be fairCTo be briefBFor instanceDIn general18.DcarefullyBentirelyCgraduallyAreluctantly19.ApromiseDcompetitionCcampaignBexperience20.Afollow upCopen upDend upBpick up1.答案 【】解析：本题为语义题。本题考查和题干中 a winter day 搭配的介词，C 项 On 与具体某一天搭配时，表示在某日，最符合原文语义。所以本题选 。干扰选项：A 选项 ln(在内，B 选项

8、Towards(朝，D 选项 Till(直到为止，均不符合原文语义。2.答案 A【】 culinary pleasures 和宾语 it 的动词词义。还原 it 指代的内容，为 Sunday few 表示很少，几乎没有的，表示否定，A 项 match 表示相配、比得上，最符合原文语义：几乎没有什么饮食能比得上一顿周日烤肉大餐所带来的快乐。所以本题选 A。干扰选项：B 选项 表达C 选项 satisfy(D 选项 influence(影响，均不符合原文语义。3.答案 【enjoyment】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据本空前代词 this，可知，空白处语义在上文提到过。enjoyment pleasu

9、res的同义替换，最符合原文语义。所以本题选 B。干扰选项：A 选项 patience(C 选项 surprise(D 选项concermn(4.答案 D【 】 another guilty pleasure 表示另一种罪恶的快乐，to damage our health 表示伤害我们的健康，根据二者的语义一致关系，可知，罪恶暗示出对身体健康造成的伤害是确定的。D 项 guaranteed合原文语义。所以本题选 D。干扰选项：A选项强化的B选项privileged(有特权的C选项compelled5.答案 A【】解析：本题为语义题。根据空白处后的 a public warming 可知，本题考

10、查搭配warning 的动词。A 项 issued 表示正式发布，最符合原文语义。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B 选项 C 选项 D 选项 取消，均不符合原文语义。6.答案 【】解析：本题为语义题。根据题干 cooked 和空白处后的high temperatures 可知，本题考查与 high temperatures 搭配的介词。B 项 at at hightemperatures表示在高温时，符合原文语义。所以本题选 。干扰选项：A 选项 under(在下，C 选项 为了，D 选项 by，均不符合原文语义。7.答案 D【】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据and 可知，并列连接的语义相近，根据另外两个

11、动词reject(拒绝）和 and 后的 only 只烤）可知，并列的语义倾向为否定的。D项 avoid 表示避免，最符合原文语义。所以本题选 D。A 选项 忘记B 选项 后悔C 选项 ，均不符合原文语义。8.答案 A【 partially】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干中的and 可知，并列各成分的语义相近。根据空白处前的 reject thin-crust pizzas(拒绝薄皮披萨可推知，and 后的语义与拒绝温度过高相近，A 项 partially 表示部分地、不完全地，最符合原文语义：面包只烤半分熟。所以本题选AB 选项 定期地C 选项 容易D 选项 initially(起初地，均不符

12、合原文语义。9.答案 D【While】解析：本题为逻辑题。题干中 studies have shown that 表示，研究表明，丙烯酰胺能导致老鼠的神经受损。there is no表示没有丙烯酰胺在人类中致癌的证D 项 While 表示尽管，最符合原文语义。所以本题选 D。干扰选项：A 选项 B 选项 Since(C 选项 If符合原文语义。10.答案 【conclusive】解析：本题为语义题。题干中 there is noevidence that it表示，没有丙烯酰胺在人类中致癌的证据。C 项 conclusive 表示所以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项 选项选项negative but

13、 no hardscientificC项以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项选项D选项 A【On the the precautionary couldbe arguedFSA项Onthe basis of表示根据、基于，最符合原文语义。所以本题选A。选项Atthe cost additionD选项ln contrast B【解析：本题为语义题。根据题干tofollowtheFSAadvice和theprecautionaryprincipleFSA项可取的，最符合原文语义。所以本题选B。选项选项 选项 D【After l关系。分析两句语义：基于预防原则，有人认为听从FSA的建议是明智的；在有后句和前

14、句间存在让步关系，D项afterall 表示毕竟，属于让步关系，最符合原文语义。所以本题选 D。干扰选项：A 选项 As usual(像往常一样，B 选项 In particular(尤其)，C 选项 Bydefinition15.答案 【connection】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干可知，before连接的两个句子存在时间上的先后顺序，即smoking 和 cancer (evidence)在后。C项 connection 表示关联，最符合原文语义：在有证据证明吸烟与癌症有关之前，人们就一直在谣传吸烟会致癌。所以本题选 。干扰选项：A 选项resemblance(B 选项 combina

15、tion(D 选项pattern16.答案 【served】解析：本题为语义题。根据题干a piece of boiled beef 和 _ up 间的语义关系可知，本题考查和beef B 项 served 和原文up 是动词词组，表示上菜，最符合原文语义：一片煮过的牛肉被端上饭桌。所以本题选 。干扰选项：A 选项 制作C 选项 savedD 选项 used均不符合原文语义。答案 A【To be fair】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据空白处逻辑词的位置，可知，本题考查上下两句的逻辑关系。上句语义为：那样的话，生活还值得一过吗空白处所在句的语义为：FSA 说这并不是要告诉人们停止吃烧烤食物，而是要告

16、诉人们减少烧烤食物的摄A 项 Tobe fair 表示说实话、公平来讲，最符合原文语义。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B 选项 For 例如C 选项 To be brief(D 选项ln general18.答案 【 】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干中的 notbut 可知，前后两个分句间存在转折关系：后半句 reduce their lifetime intake 表示减少摄入；前半句 cut out roastfoods _ 表示停止吃烧烤食物_。B 项 entirely 表示完全地，最符合原文语义：FSA 并不是说让人们完全不吃烧烤食物，而是减少摄入量。所以本题选 。干扰选项：A 选项 C 选项

17、 D 选项 carefully19.答案 【 campaign 】护的印象的风险。还原代词their，为s。结合上句可知，FSA 发布的警告会让人们误以为烧烤食物完全不能吃。C 项 campaign 表示为实现某种目的而进行的活动，最符合原文语义。所以本题选 。干扰选项：A 选项 承诺B 选项 experience(D 选项 competition(竞争，均不符合原文语义。20.答案 Dend up】constanthealth scares表示不断的健康恐慌，no one listening 表示没有人在听。D 项 endup 表示以结束、以告终，最符合原文语义：不断的健康恐慌却以没人理会告

18、终。所以本题选 D。干扰选项：A 选项 follow 接下来B 选项 pick up(捡起C 选项 open up(揭露，展示，均不符合原文语义。Section Il Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text1A group of Labour MPs,among them Y

19、vette Cooper,are bringing in the newyear with a call to institute a UK town of culture award.The proposal is that itshould sit alongside the existing city .but they generally lack the resources to puttogether a bid to beat their bigger competitors. A town of culture award could, it isargued,become a

20、n annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is nolonger able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital ofculture,a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.Acynic might spe

21、culate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endlessfever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexitworld:after town of culture,who knows what will follow village of culture? Suburbof culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that .to the c

22、ommunity.The really successful holders ofsuch titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring inhigh-profile arts events and good press for a year. But it can be done: Glasgows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of a complexseries of factor

23、s that have turned the city into the powerhouse of art,music andtheatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring atown s peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities andabove all celebrating its people and turn it into

24、action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a town of culture award couldA consolidate the town city ties in BritainB promote cooperation among Britain s townsC increase the economic strength of Britain s townsD focus Britains limited resources on cultural events答案【】 increase the economic strengt

25、h of Britains towns解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词“town of ”定位到第一段最后一句：A town ofculture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding andcreating 。所以本题选。22.According to Paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some asA a sensible compromiseB a self-deceiving attemptC an eye-catching bonu

26、sD an inaccessible target答案【】 a self-deceiving attempt解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 paragraph2 定位到第二段，在第二段中 2 句中提到：the UK is on the vergeof disappearing intoan endless fever of 。 其中 a self-deceiving attempt 是self-celebration的同义替换。所以本题选。23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if itA endeavo

27、urs to maintain its imageB meets the aspirations of its peopleC brings its local arts to prominenceD commits to its long-term growth答案【 D】 commits to its long-term growth ttle holder 定位到第三段 3 带来长久的利益：leaving nolasting benefits to the ，2 句与 3 句形成了对比。所以本题选D。24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to pr

28、esentAa contrasting caseB a supporting exampleCa background storyD a related topic答案【】 a supporting example解析：本题为例证题。此题考查了学生对论据的判断。根据题干关键词Glasgow和 Paragraph3 定位到第三段最后一句：But it can be s year as European capital ofculture can certainly be seen as one of a complex series of factors that haveturmed the

29、city into the powerhouse of art,music and theatre that it remains today。所以本题选 。25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A SkepticalBObjectiveCFavorableD Critical答案【】Favorable解析：本题为态度题。题干询问作者对the proposal 的态度，而整篇文章是作者“town of could be not just aboutthe arts butabout honouring a town s pec

30、uliarities-helping sustain its high street,supportinglocal facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action 是对第一段最后-句:A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs 的进一步肯定。所以本题选。Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a

31、 licence to print money.Scientists needjourmals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles withoutmonetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer reviewalso for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and theproduction of scien

32、tific knowledge.With the content of .when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existentialcrisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papersproduced in the world,made profits of .figures seem to rise unstoppably despiteincreasingly desperate efforts to chang

33、e them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction.passing on copies theyhave themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacyamong its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven

34、 byfunding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of allBritish scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freelyavailable from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so thatthe publishers can make a profit before being placed on ge

35、neral release.Yet the new system has not . preparing an article.These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptionsand of these article preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate aboveinflation.In some ways the scientific publishing . fi

36、ms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as a licence to print money partlybecauseA its funding has enjoyed a steady increaseB its marketing strategy has been successfulC its payment for peer review is reducedD its content acquisition

37、 costs nothing答案【 D 】 its content acquisition costs nothing解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 a licence to print money 定位到第一段1 2 句 supplythe articles withoutmonetary reward 和第一段3 句 perform the specialised work of peer review alsofor D 项 its content acquisition costs nothing 是对这两句内容的概括。所以本题选 D。27.According to Paragra

38、phs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier haveA thrived mainly on university librariesB gone through an existential crisisC revived the publishing industryD financed researchers generously答案【 A】 thrived mainly on university libraries解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 Elsevier 定位到第三段：The Dutch giantElseviermade prof

39、its of more than 900m last year,while UK universities alone spentmore than 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publiclyfunded 。所以本题选A。28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.B Puzzled.C Concerned.D Encouraged.答案【D】Encouraged the success of Sci-Hub 定位到第四

40、段2 句：the legalecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that itworks for all 。所以本题选 D。29.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access termsA allow publishers some room to make moneyB render publishing much easier for scientistsC reduce the cost of publica

41、tion substantiallyD free universities from financial burdens答案【 A】allow publishers some room to make money解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 open access terms 定位到第五段3 句：so that thepublishers can make a profit before being placed on general release。所以本题选A。30. Which of the following characterizes the scientific publis

42、hing model?A Trial subscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.C Costs are well controlled.D The few feed on the many.答案【 D 】 The few feed on the many.解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 the scientific publishing model 定位到第六段句：huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places。所以本题选D。Text 3P

43、rogressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a wayto level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form ofvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to helpaverage people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts stat

44、e Senator Jason Lewis andHouse Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure gender parity onboards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are.and commissions will be required to set aside 50percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adop

45、ted .Brown admitted that thelaw,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probablyunconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they aredesigned to address an “ important policy interest. . the constitutionalguarantee of “equal protection.But are suc

46、h government mandates even necessary? Female participation oncorporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the generalpopulation, but so what?The number of women on corporate . the boards of global corporationsincreased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the prim

47、ary qualification for boardmembership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That isexactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate genderquota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number ofopportunities for board membership withou

48、t increasing the pool of qualified womento serve on such boards has led to a golden skirtphenomenon,where the sameelite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes . self-serving measures that make theirsponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The

49、author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad willA help little to reduce gender biasB pose a threat to the state govermmentC raise women s position in politicsD greatly broaden career options答案【 A】 help little to reduce gender bias the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad 定位到第二段。 段末评论

50、 provide a case in point 回指上文第一段的 does little tohelp average people。所以本题选A。32.Which of the following is true of the Califomia measure?A It has irritated private business owners.B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.C It may go against the Constitution.D It will settle the prior controversies.答案【 】 I

51、t may go against the Constitution.解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 California 定位到第四段。由第四段末句is probablyunconstitutional 可知加州的措施可能违宪。所以本题选。33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrateA the harm from arbitrary board decisionB the importance of constitutional guaranteesC the pressure on women in global c

52、orporationsD the needlessness of government interventions答案【 D 】 the needlessness of government interventions解析：本题为例证题。根据题干关键词 the study by Catalyst定位到第七段，该 But are such govemment mandates evennecessary?可知作者对该做法的必要性表示质疑。所以本题选 D。34. Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led toA

53、the underestimation of elite womens roleB the objection to fermale participation on boardsC the entry of unqualified candidates into the boardD the growing tension between labor and management答案【 】 the entry of unqualified candidates into the board解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 Norways adoption of a nationwideco

54、rporategender quota 与 lead to 定位到第八段 (2 句，原文(句中的 lead to lessexperiencedprivate sector boards与C 项是同义表达。所以本题选 。35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A Womens need in employment should be considered.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C Everyone should try hard to

55、 promote social justice.D Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案【】 Feasibility should be a prime concerm in policymaking.解析：本题为推断题。根据首段末句 But all too often such policiesdoes little tohelp average people 可以判断全文的感情基调是对某政策的质疑。所以本题选。Text 4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digit

56、al services tax,which wouldimpose an entirely new tax on large . to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politiciansand media outlets have referred to this as a GAFA tax, meaning that it isdesigned to apply primarily to companie

57、s such as Google,Apple,Facebook andAmazon -in other words, multinational tech companies based in the UnitedStates.The digital services tax now awaits the , with the United States traderepresentative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates againstAmerican companies, which in turn

58、could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral . These have included Britain s DPT(diverted profits tax), Australia s MAAL(multinational anti-avoidance law),andIndias SEP (significant economic presence) test,to name but a few. At the sametime, the European Union

59、, Spain, Britain and several other countries have allseriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designedto tax multinationals on income and . In other words, they all share a view that theinternational tax system has failed

60、 to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries toreach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.France s planned tax is a clear warning: Unl