高中英语语法：宾语从句精华知识点复习

1、77宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。（一）.宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词和形容词的宾语例：作动词的宾语：I heard tliat he would come here later on.我听说他随后会过来。作介词的宾语：He said nothing about who broke the window last night.关于谁昨天打破了窗户，他什么都不说。作形容词的宾语：Im glad that you will come.很高兴你要来。（二宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法连词：that （tliat 常可省略）,x

2、vhetlier5 ifKi司: who. whose, what ,wliich, whose副词：when .where, how, why 等。A.连词：He told me （that） he would go to college next year.他告诉我他明年上大学.I dont know if /whether there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether/if he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.tliat引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟th

3、at从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine、wonde匚 know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny expect, explain, order, conmiaiid, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。彳列： The boy believes （that） he will travel through spac

4、e to other planets.这个小男孩相信通过太空他会到达其他星球。在以下情况中不能省略1、当句中的动词后接两个或以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后而的that不可省。I believe （that） you ha-e done your best and that tilings will get better.我相信你已经做到最好了，事情会好起来的。2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，tliat-般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first tune, that our master was wearmg

5、his fine green coat and his black silk cap.就在那时，我第一次注意到，我们的主人穿着他的绿色外套和黑色的丝帽。3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。（双宾语是指一个动词所带的两个宾语，由直接宾语 和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，它不能单独存在。E g. Give/tell sb. sth.）I cant tell him that his mother died.我不能告诉他，他的母亲死 了。4、当it作形式宾语时（许多带复合宾语的句子

6、，th述引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾 语。）仮8 句:She made it clear that she had nothing to do witli liun.她明确地表明，她和他没有任何关系。B.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常 是:see, say, tell. ask. answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover、understand, mfbnn. adv

7、ise 等连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?（主语）你知道是谁贏得了红色警报的游戏么？Tlie book will show you what the best CEOs should know.（宾语）这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Ha-e you detennmed whicheer you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia c

8、ell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托 罗拉的电话了吗？（宾语）连接副词有：wheiijvlierejvhy.how,在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见而.Could you please tell me how you use die new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.（三）动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We

9、all expect that tliey will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词结构也可以带宾语从句I have foiuid out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how

10、much we will spend during the trip?你能讣算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗？动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure 确保 make up ones mind 卜决心 keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes m your papers before you turn tliein ill.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句二动词fmd/eelconsider.make.belie-e等后而有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将tliat宾语从句

11、后置.I tluiik it necessary that we take plenty of hot water eery day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-togetlier.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做

12、岀决泄很重要二有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take . owe, haw, see to.I hate it when tliey with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话-He will ha-e it tliat our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的When you start die eiigme, you must see to it that car

13、 is in neutral.开启发动机时，一左要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.二若宾语从句是类，则不可用”代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的-介词的宾语从句用vh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.Tlie new book

14、is about how Sheiizliou 6 manned spaceship was sent up mto space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that.if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except.butbesides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know notliuig about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.（五）形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure, certain, gla

15、d, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprisedI am sure I will pass the exani.我确信我会通过考试I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see linn when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他注意：if, whether在宾语从句中的区別二if和whether在作是否解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wond

16、er, find out等之后，介词后一般 不用if二少数动词，如leave, put. discuss、doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.二whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.二在不左式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whetlier to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）二避免歧异时，我们常用whetlier而不用if.（六）宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句（主语+谓语+“）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的

17、连接词有：who, what, which等。如：Could you tell me who knows die answer, please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is m their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的左语。常见的连接词有：whose, what, which, how many, how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。Th

18、e teacher asked us how many people there were in the loom.老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who （m）, what, winch,how many how much when, why, how where, if / whetlier （在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行Could you tell me what I should do with the

19、 money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的泄语。常见的连接词有：what, which, howmany, how much, how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。（七）宾语从句的时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：Idontknow when

20、 he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来 了 o2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去 进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:二Tlie children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁o二He asked liis fatlier how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，

21、不管主句用什么时态，从句 时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes roiuid the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。注意：运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议 suggest 、advise、propose;要求 demand 、desire、requests require：决上 decide;命令 ordei、command、require;坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should） +v.（虚拟语气）E.g： I suggested that you （should） study hard He ordered tli

22、at we should go out at once （A）宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是tliuik. believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否左时，常把否泄转移至主句 表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.我认为他这样对你不对o（九）宾语从句的简化方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主 句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不立式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will b

23、e back very soon.*Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.decided that we would help him.*We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know, leani, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不左式“结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell, a

24、sk, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾 语从句可简化为“疑问词+不泄式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ?Could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三：当主句的谓语动词是ord亡r （命令），require （需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不泄式结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.* The headmaste

25、r ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如He insisted that he should go witli us.*He insisted on going with us.Tlie poor boy doesnt know when and where he was bom.Tlie poor boy doesnt know the tune and the place of liis birth.方法五：某些动词后而的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）结构。例如：Liu

26、Ping foiuid that tliere was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Piiig fbirnd a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不左式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that tlie boys were going to win.Tlie boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:I found that it was difficult to learn English well.4 found

27、 it difficult to leam English well.Soon we found that die ground was covered with thick snow.Soon we fbirnd die ground covered with thick snow.Tliey found tliat the box was very heayThey found the box very heay作业：一、单选I dont knowor not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home

28、 D. whether is he at homeThis depends ondie weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. thatThe teacher asked the new studentclass he was in.A. which B. where C. ifD. thatI dont knowMr Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where一 Be carefill! Dont break the bottles. Do you hearI said? David?一 Yes, MumA. wliat B. that C. why D. if一 Do you knowM