2021届高考英语二轮复习：中英双语阅读素材（五）

1、高考英语中英双语阅读素材（五）到2028年，中国将超越美国成为世界最大经济体LONDON (Reuters) - China will overtake the United States to become the worlds biggest economy in 2028, five years earlier than previously estimated due to the contrasting recoveries of the two countries from the COVID-19 pandemic, a think tank said.路透伦敦8月23日-一家智

2、库称，中国将在2028年超过美国成为全球最大经济体，比之前预估提前五年，因两国从新冠肺炎疫情中复苏的情况截然不同。For some time, an overarching theme of global economics has been the economic and soft power struggle between the United States and China, the Centre for Economics and Business Research said in an annual report published on Saturday.经济与商业研究中心(

3、Centre For Economics And Business Research)在周六发布的一份年度报告中表示：“一段时间以来，全球经济学的一个首要主题是美国和中国之间的经济和软实力之争。”The COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding economic fallout have certainly tipped this rivalry in Chinas favour.“新冠肺炎疫情以及相应的经济影响，无疑使这种竞争变得对中国有利。”The CEBR said Chinas skilful management of the pandemic, wit

4、h its strict early lockdown, and hits to long-term growth in the West meant Chinas relative economic performance had improved.CEBR表示，中国“对疫情的巧妙管理”，加上其严格的早期封锁，以及对西方长期增长的打击，意味着中国的相对经济表现有所改善。China looked set for average economic growth of 5.7% a year from 2021-25 before slowing to 4.5% a year from 2026-

5、30.从2021年到2025年，中国的平均经济增长率看起来将达到5.7%，但从2026年到2030年，中国的经济增长速度将放缓至4.5%。While the United States was likely to have a strong post-pandemic rebound in 2021, its growth would slow to 1.9% a year between 2022 and 2024, and then to 1.6% after that.虽然美国可能在2021年出现大流行后的强劲反弹，但在2022年至2024年期间，其增长率将放缓至1.9%，然后在那之后降

6、至1.6%。Japan would remain the worlds third-biggest economy, in dollar terms, until the early 2030s when it would be overtaken by India, pushing Germany down from fourth to fifth.以美元计算，日本将一直是世界第三大经济体，直到本世纪30年代初，它将被印度超越，将德国从第四位降至第五位。The United Kingdom, currently the fifth-biggest economy by the CEBRs m

7、easure, would slip to sixth place from 2024.按照CEBR的衡量，英国目前是第五大经济体，从2024年起将下滑至第六位。However, despite a hit in 2021 from its exit from the European Unions single market, British GDP in dollars was forecast to be 23% higher than Frances by 2035, helped by Britains lead in the increasingly important digit

8、al economy.然而，尽管英国在2021年因退出欧盟单一市场而受到打击，但据预测，到2035年，英国以美元计算的GDP将比法国高出23%，这得益于英国在日益重要的数字经济中的领先地位。Europe accounted for 19% of output in the top 10 global economies in 2020 but that will fall to 12% by 2035, or lower if there is an acrimonious split between the EU and Britain, the CEBR said.CEBR表示，2020年

9、，欧洲占全球前十大经济体产出的19%，但到2035年，这一比例将降至12%，如果欧盟和英国之间出现严重分歧，这一比例将更低。It also said the pandemics impact on the global economy was likely to show up in higher inflation, not slower growth.它还表示，疫情对全球经济的影响可能表现为更高的通胀，而不是更慢的增长。We see an economic cycle with rising interest rates in the mid-2020s, it said, posing

10、a challenge for governments which have borrowed massively to fund their response to the COVID-19 crisis.报告称：“我们认为本世纪20年代中期将出现利率上升的经济周期。”这对那些大举举债为应对“新冠肺炎”危机提供资金的政fu构成了挑战。But the underlying trends that have been accelerated by this point to a greener and more tech-based world as we move into the 2030s

11、.“但是，随着我们进入本世纪30年代，潜在的趋势已经加速，走向一个更环保、更以科技为基础的世界。”孙杨禁赛8年裁决被撤销The World Anti-Doping Agency says a Swiss court has overturned an eight-year doping ban against Chinese swimmer Sun Yang and ordered the case back to the Court of Arbitration for Sport for a second time but with a different chairman of the

12、judges.世界反兴奋剂机构表示，瑞士一家法院推翻了针对中国游泳运动员孙杨长达八年的兴奋剂禁令，并下令将此案第二次发回体育仲裁法院，但由另一名法官担任主席。In February, CAS found the three-time Olympic champion guilty of refusing to cooperate with sample collectors during a visit to his home in September 2018 that turned confrontational. WADA brought the case to the Court of

13、 Arbitration for Sport after world swimming governing body FINA had issued the now 29-year-old Yang with only a warning.今年2月，CAS发现这位三届奥运会冠军在2018年9月造访他家期间拒绝与样本采集者合作，引发了对抗。在世界游泳管理机构国际泳联(FINA)向现年29岁的杨致远发出警告后，世界反兴奋剂机构向体育仲裁法院提起诉讼。At stake in a second CAS hearing would be Yangs chance to compete at the pa

14、ndemic-delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympics now set for July 2021.在CAS的第二次听证会上，杨将有机会参加因流行病而推迟的2020年东京奥运会，目前定于2021年7月举行。The Swiss court ruling appears to have swung on an objection by Suns lawyers to the chairman of the three-judge panel, former Italian foreign minister Franco Frattini.瑞士法院的裁决似乎是基于孙的律师对由三名法官组

15、成的陪审团主席、意大利前外长佛朗哥弗拉蒂尼(Franco Frattini)的反对而做出的。On Wednesday, WADA said in a statement that it had been informed of a decision by the Swiss Federal Tribunal to uphold an application by Yang and to set aside the original February ruling.周三，世界反兴奋剂机构在一份声明中表示，它已收到瑞士联邦法庭的决定，维持杨的申请，并搁置2月份的最初裁决。The Swiss Fed

16、eral Tribunals decision upholds a challenge against the chair of the CAS Panel and makes no comment on the substance of this case, WADA said in the statement.世界反兴奋剂机构在声明中说：“瑞士联邦法庭的裁决维持了对CAS专家组主席的挑战，对此案的实质不予置评。”In the CAS award, WADA clearly prevailed on the substance of the case as it was able to sh

17、ow that there were a number of aspects of the original FINA decision that were incorrect under the World Anti-Doping Code . . . WADA will take steps to present its case robustly again when the matter returns to the CAS Panel, which will be chaired by a different president (chairman).在CAS裁决中，世界反兴奋剂机构

18、显然胜诉，因为它能够证明国际泳联最初的决定有一些方面是不正确的，根据世界反兴奋剂条例世界反兴奋剂机构将采取措施，当此事返回CAS小组时再次有力地提出自己的理由，该小组将由另一位主席担任。At this stage, WADA has not received the tribunals full reasoned decision and therefore cannot comment further.“现阶段，世界反兴奋剂机构尚未收到法庭充分的理由决定，因此无法进一步置评。”A clash between Frattini and Sun was one of the most drama

19、tic moments in a 10-hour CAS hearing in Montreux, Switzerland in November 2019 that was a rare instance of a CAS process held in open court and live-streamed online. The hearing ended with Sun surprising his own legal team by waving his arms and calling another translator from the public seats to be

20、tter articulate his closing statement.弗拉蒂尼和孙杨之间的冲突是2019年11月在瑞士蒙特勒举行的长达10个小时的CAS听证会上最具戏剧性的时刻之一，这是CAS程序在公开法庭上举行并在线直播的罕见例子。听证会结束时，孙挥舞双臂，并从公共座位叫来另一名翻译，让他的结案陈词更清晰，这让他的法律团队大吃一惊。Who is this guy? asked an incredulous Frattini. It is not up to you to appear before the court. There are some rules.“这家伙是谁？”不相信的

21、弗拉蒂尼问道。“出庭不是由你决定的，有一些规则。”Suns challenge to Frattini at federal court followed a pattern of objecting to lawyers involved in the case.孙在联邦法院对弗拉蒂尼的挑战遵循了反对参与此案的律师的模式。A typical CAS hearing allows each side to select one of the three judges on the panel, and the swimmers legal team persistently objected

22、to WADAs original choice of Michael Beloff from England.典型的CAS听证会允许双方从评审团的三名裁判中选出一名，这名游泳运动员的法律团队一直反对世界反兴奋剂机构最初选择的来自英国的迈克尔贝洛夫(Michael Beloff)。Beloff, a veteran and in-demand CAS judge, eventually stepped aside from the case solely to assist in an expeditious hearing, and not because the challenge had

23、 any merit whatsoever, the CAS ruling in February stated.贝洛夫是一名经验丰富的CAS法官，也是一名受欢迎的CAS法官，他最终退出了该案，“完全是为了协助迅速审理，而不是因为挑战有任何价值，”CAS在2月份的裁决中说。Suns team also tried to have WADAs lead prosecutor, Colorado-based Richard Young, removed from the case for alleged conflict of interest because he previously work

24、ed for swim body FINA.孙的团队还试图让世界反兴奋剂机构的首席检察官、科罗拉多州的理查德杨(Richard Young)因涉嫌利益冲突而退出此案，因为他之前曾在游泳机构国际泳联(FINA)工作。Young, who previously prosecuted doping cases involving Lance Armstrong and Marion Jones, stayed on the case.杨此前曾起诉兰斯阿姆斯特朗(Lance Armstrong)和马里恩琼斯(Marion Jones)服用兴奋剂的案件，他继续审理此案。Very few cases, a

25、t a rate of about one per year that includes around 400 arbitration and appeal processes, are successful at the Swiss tribunal.在瑞士法庭，每年大约有一起案件(包括大约400个仲裁和上诉程序)胜诉的案件很少。It is even possible to overturn a CAS verdict in the federal court and still lose the re-trial. That happened to tennis player Guille

26、rmo Canas of Argentina in 2007.甚至有可能在联邦法院推翻CAS的裁决，但仍然输掉重审。2007年，阿根廷网球运动员吉列尔莫卡纳斯(Guillermo Canas)就遭遇了这种情况。Canas was initially banned for two years by the ATP Tours anti-doping tribunal, and saw that reduced to 15 months at CAS. When Canas went to federal court, Swiss judges ruled his right to be hear

27、d had been breached and sent back the case. A second CAS hearing also applied a 15-month ban.卡纳斯最初被ATP巡回赛的反兴奋剂法庭禁赛两年，并在CAS被禁赛15个月。当卡纳斯走上联邦法院时，瑞士法官裁定他的听证权利受到侵犯，并将案件发回。CAS的第二次听证会也申请了15个月的禁令。The most vivid detail of the evidence submitted at the Yangs November 2019 CAS hearing was a blood sample render

28、ed useless for testing by a hammer blow.在杨利伟2019年11月的CAS听证会上提交的证据中，最生动的细节是一份血样，由于锤击而变得无用于检测。The hearing was reminded of how a security guard instructed by Suns mother broke the casing around the vial to ensure the blood could not be used for anti-doping tests.听证会提醒人们，孙杨母亲指导的一名保安是如何打破瓶子周围的外壳，以确保血液不能用

29、于反兴奋剂检测。The athlete failed to establish that he had a compelling justification to destroy his sample collection containers and forego the doping control when, in his opinion, the collection protocol was not in compliance, the CAS panel of three judges agreed in an unanimous verdict announced in Febr

30、uary.由三名法官组成的CAS评审团在2月份宣布的一项一致裁决中表示：“这名运动员未能证明他有令人信服的理由销毁他的样本收集容器，放弃兴奋剂控制，因为他认为收集协议不符合规定。”Immediately, Sun said he planned to appeal to the Swiss Federal Tribunal, which is Switzerlands highest court. That move proved to be successful this week, setting the scene for another CAS hearing ahead of the

31、 Tokyo Olympics and ensuring the case involving a controversial 2018 doping test continues into at least 2021.孙立即表示，他计划向瑞士最高法院瑞士联邦法庭提出上诉。这一举措本周被证明是成功的，为CAS在东京奥运会之前举行另一场听证会奠定了基础，并确保了涉及2018年有争议的兴奋剂检测的案件至少持续到2021年。有没有可能用分析化学找出可口可乐的配方？This is a pretty common water-cooler discussion amongst analytical ch

32、emists and was probably the one of the first questions I asked when I started analyzing mixtures. Why couldnt you just put Coca-Cola in an HPLC-MS/MS and figure out whats inside?这是分析化学家之间非常常见的水冷器讨论，也可能是我开始分析混合物时提出的第一个问题之一。“为什么你不能把可口可乐放进HPLC-MS/MS，然后弄清楚里面是什么呢？”The general consensus is that its defini

33、tely possible but would require a lot of effort and money. Then again if Coca-Cola sells $50 billion in non-alcoholic beverages and youre a competing company that spends billions in R&D and start with the letter P.普遍的共识是，这绝对是可能的，但需要付出大量的努力和资金。再说一次，如果可口可乐在不含酒精的饮料上销售500亿美元，而你是一家在研发上花费数十亿美元并以字母P开头的竞争公司

34、。Pfizer could probably figure it out. But if they had the formula, they would be keeping it private.辉瑞或许能弄清楚这一点。但如果他们有配方，他们会保密的。Back to the science. The general feeling is that while you should be able to use an HPLC to separate to get approximate ratios of the components and the MS/MS to determine

35、the actual ingredients, that in of itself only provides a small portion of the puzzle. The truth is, the ingredients that go into Coke arent exactly a mystery, its basically sugar water + hydrolysates. However, because of the caramelization process that is presumed to be a part of that sugar water,

36、you now have a very complex heterogeneous mixture full of polydisperse polymers of god knows what. Thus, the HPLC peaks arent going to be clean and your MS/MS data is going to be very noisy. A very basic analysis would just tell you that you have a lot of sugar but very little insight into the actua

37、l properties of your complex sugars.回到科学上来。一般的感觉是，虽然你应该能够使用高效液相色谱进行分离，以获得成分的大致比例，而质谱/质谱(MS/MS)可以确定实际成分，但这本身只提供了一小部分内容。事实是，可口可乐的成分并不完全是个谜，它基本上是糖水+水解物。然而，由于焦糖过程被认为是糖水的一部分，现在你有了一个非常复杂的异质混合物，里面充满了天知道是什么的多分散聚合物。因此，高效液相色谱的峰不会很干净，你的MS/MS数据将会非常嘈杂。一个非常基本的分析只会告诉你，你有很多糖，但对你的复合糖的实际性质却知之甚少。So now youre in the do

38、main of some really challenging carbohydrate analytical chemistry. Assuming that you do have a good understanding of the composition of your sugar water, that in of itself doesnt tell you much. Now youre in the regime of very challenging process chemistry. Coke is known for doing very strange things

39、 to ensure the protection of their trade secrets like breaking up their process steps to very physically distant factories and obscuring their supply chain so that no one can figure out what exactly is going on. But there are two things that are generally known about the Coke process:所以现在你所处的领域是一些极具

40、挑战性的碳水化合物分析化学领域。假设你对糖水的成分有很好的了解，这本身并不能告诉你太多。现在你所处的环境是非常具有挑战性的过程化学。可口可乐以做非常奇怪的事情来确保其商业秘密而闻名，比如将他们的加工步骤分散到物理上非常遥远的工厂，并模糊了他们的供应链，这样就没有人能弄清楚到底发生了什么。但关于焦炭工艺，有两件事是众所周知的：There are a lot of components that get produced in several locations and those components get passed around so that the end to end proces

41、s can never occur in a single place.有很多组件是在几个地点生产的，这些组件会被传递，因此端到端的过程永远不会在一个地方发生。There is a critical component of Coke that is between the pH of 2.0 and 2.5焦炭中有一种关键成分，它的pH值在2.0和2.5之间。Why does everyone know #2? According to the EPA, corrosive waste is defined as a chemical with a pH of less than 2.0 o

42、r greater than 12.5. Why 2.0 and not 2.5? Because Coke told the EPA that it didnt want to drive trucks around with giant signs that says corrosive. Also Coke is 2.52. Coke classic is closer to 2.50.为什么每个人都知道#2？根据美国环保署的定义，腐蚀性废物是指pH值小于2.0或大于12.5的化学物质。为什么是2.0而不是2.5？因为可口可乐告诉EPA，它不想开着挂着“腐蚀性”的巨大标志的卡车到处走。另

43、外，可口可乐的价格是2.52美元。经典可乐的价格更接近2.50美元。As I was saying. Caramelization is an extremely unpredictable process and very difficult to scale. The order of addition of the ingredients is very particular and there are a huge number of permutations that would make sense. If youre going to put in that much effor

44、t, you might as well call it something else.就像我刚才说的。焦糖是一个极其不可预测的过程，很难规模化。配料的添加顺序非常特殊，有大量合理的排列。如果你要付出那么大的努力，你不妨换个说法。Maybe something blue. How about Pfizer-Cola?也许是蓝色的。辉瑞可乐怎么样？老板和基层员工的工资差距到底能有多大？Bosses at top UK companies earn 100 times that of their lowest-paid workers, a new report says.一份最新报告称，英国顶级

45、公司的老板的收入是最低收入员工的100倍。The research, by the High Pay Centre, shows that FTSE 100 chief executives earn 73 times more than the average earner at their companies.高薪中心(High Pay Centre)的这项研究显示，富时100指数(FTSE 100)成分股公司首席执行官的收入是他们公司平均收入的73倍。Among a broader range of the top 350 UK public companies, bosses are

46、paid 53 times their average employee.在范围更广的350家英国上市公司中，老板的薪酬是普通员工的53倍。But there are large variations, with some bosses bringing in thousands of times the pay of the worst-paid staff.但也有很大的差异，一些老板的薪酬是薪酬最低的员工的数千倍。At Ocado, the online grocer, its chief executive is paid 2,605 per year for every 1 the a

47、verage employee earns.在在线杂货商Ocado，其首席执行官的平均员工收入为每1 GB，每年可获得2605 GB的报酬。The firm paid its boss Tim Steiner a one-off 58m bonus, it said, which made it an outlier using last years figures.该公司表示，该公司一次性向其老板蒂姆斯坦纳支付了5800万英镑的奖金，这使其成为去年数据中的一个异常值。Retailers often had the biggest ratios, with many workers on sa

48、laries at or close to the minimum wage. Meanwhile money managers and banks had much lower gaps, said the report by the High Pay Centre and the Standard Life Foundation.零售商的比例往往最大，许多工人的工资相当于或接近最低工资。与此同时，高薪中心(High Pay Centre)和标准人寿基金会(Standard Life Foundation)的报告称，基金经理和银行的差距要小得多。These findings show tha

49、t quite low levels of pay are commonplace for large numbers of workers at many of our major companies, said High Pay Centre director Luke Hildyard.高薪中心主任卢克希尔代尔说：“这些调查结果表明，在我们的许多大公司里，相当低的工资水平对于大量员工来说是司空见惯的。”Hopefully, the disclosures can help investors, policymakers and the companies themselves think

50、 more deeply on how to improve fairness at work and pay for low-paid workers, in particular.“希望这些披露能够帮助投资者、政策制定者和公司本身更深入地思考如何改善工作公平，特别是低薪工人的薪酬。”In August, a report by the CIPD, the professional body, and the High Pay Centre, said the UKs biggest listed companies had failed to address their bosses hu

51、ge salaries during the coronavirus pandemic.今年8月，专业机构CIPD和高薪中心(High Pay Centre)发布的一份报告称，英国最大的上市公司在冠状病毒大流行期间未能解决老板的高薪问题。Despite some high-profile reports of executive pay cuts, these were mainly superficial or short-term, it said.报告称，尽管有一些关于高管减薪的高调报道，但这些主要是“肤浅的或短期的”。Nor have firms addressed a culture

52、 of excessive bonuses.公司也没有解决过高奖金文化的问题。没有猫权？从明年开始，每只猫都可能被植入芯片Compulsory microchipping for cats could be introduced early next year in England, ministers said last night.英国大臣们昨晚表示，明年初英国可能会引入强制为猫植入芯片的措施。A nationwide consultation launches today to hear from vets and the public about the plan, which it

53、is hoped could reunite more lost pets with their owners.今天，一场全国性的咨询活动启动，听取兽医和公众对该计划的意见，希望该计划能让更多走失的宠物与它们的主人团聚。A similar scheme for dogs, which was introduced in 2016, carries a 500 fine for those who do not comply.2016年推出的一项针对狗的类似计划，对不遵守规定的人处以500 GB的罚款。Polling by the Department for Environment, Food

54、 and Rural Affairs found 99 per cent support among the public for making microchipping of cats mandatory.英国环境、食品和乡村事务部的民意调查显示，99%的公众支持强制为猫植入芯片。Animal welfare charity Cats Protection estimate that 2.6million of the animals in the UK around 26 per cent are not microchipped.动物福利慈善机构猫咪保护组织估计，英国有260万只动物(

55、约26%)没有植入芯片。And it reported that eight out of ten strays handed in to its adoption centres in England during 2018 were unchipped, leading to longer and sometimes unsuccessful efforts to reunite them with their owners.据报道，2018年移交给英国领养中心的流浪狗中，每10只中就有8只没有芯片，导致它们与主人团聚的努力持续了更长时间，有时甚至失败了。Cats lost this wa

56、y include Larry, a brown and white tabby who was found in London without a microchip and taken to Battersea Dogs and Cats Home before being adopted as Chief Mouser to 10 Downing Street and the Cabinet Office.这样走失的猫包括拉里，一只棕白相间的猫，它在伦敦被发现没有芯片，被带到巴特西猫狗之家，然后被收养为唐宁街10号的首席捕鼠官和内阁办公室。Cats Protections chief executive James Yeates said: Having a microchip gives a lost cat the best chance of being quickly reunited with their owner. We regularly hear heart