大一希腊罗马神话期末复习英文

1、希腊罗马神话复习单选（课文）10分判断（课文）10分表格（默写）20分GreekRomanRole in MythologyAphroditeVenusGoddess of beauty, sexual desire. (RM: goddess of gardens and fields .)ApolloApolloGod of prophecy,medicine and archery(late Greek/RM:god of sun)AresMarsGod of warArtemisDianaGoddess of the hunt(late Greek/RM:goddess of moon

2、)AsclepiusAesculapiusGod of medicineAthenaMinervaGoddess of arts and crafts and war;helper of heroes(late Greek/Rm: goddess of wisdom)CronusSarturnGod of the sky;ruler of the Titans(RM:goddess of agriculture)DemeterCeresGoddess of grainDionysusBacchusGod of wine and vegetationErosCupidGod of loveGae

3、aTellusMother EarthHadesPlutoGod of the underworld; lord of the deadHephaestusVulcanGod of fire; blacksmith of the godsHeraJunoGoddess of marriage and childbirth;protector of married women; queen of the godsHermesMercuryMessengers of the gods; protector of travelers, thieves, and merchantsHestiaVest

4、aGuardian of the homePoseidonNeptuneGod of the sea and earthquakesRheaOpsWife of Cronus/Sarturn; Mother GoddessUranusUranusGod of the sky; father of the TitansZeusJupiterRuler of the gods名词解释（课后）20分C11.delphic: It relates to Delphi.It means ambiguous.2.Olypian: It relates to Olympian Gods.It means t

5、hat some one is like a god,especially by being calm and not concerned about ordinary things.3.martial: It relates to Mars.It means something connected with war and fighting.4.nemesis: It relates to Nemesis.It means a punishment that is deserved and cannot be avoided.5.titanic:I t relates to Titans.I

6、t means something big ,strong and powerful.C21.Junoesque:It relates to Juno.It means someone is elegant and beautiful like Juno.2.Argus-eyed:It relates to Argus.It means someone is watchful and alert.3.satyr/satyriasis:It relates to Satyr.It means someone that has an abnormally intense sexual desire

7、 in men.4.mercurial:It relates to Mercury.It means having feelings that change suddenly and without warning.C4chaotic:It relates to Chaos.It means messy and disorder.Pandoras box:It relates to Pandora. It means the root of troubles.Promethean:It relates to Prometheus.It means a person who resembles

8、Prometheus.C61.Dionysiac:It relates to Dionysus.It means Sensuality, debauchery, and revelry.C7Midas/asss ears:It relates to Midas.It means A secret that cannot be hid.It also menas someone is shallow and uninformed.Midas/the golden touch:It relates to Midas.It means touching a stone and turning it

9、into gold.cut the Gordian knot:It relates to Alexander.It means solving a complex problem with a bold strike.C8cereal:It relates to Ceres.It means grains.aureole:It relates to Aurora.It means a bright circle of light.C91.Charons boat/ferry:It relates to Charon.It means some one is going to die.2.cro

10、ss the Styx:It means some one is going to die.C12gain/reap/win（ones）laurels: It relates to Daphne. It means gaining ones honors.Look to ones laurels:It relates to Daphne.It means to work hard in order not to lose the achievement.rest/repose/retire/sit(back)on ones laurels: It relates to Daphne.It me

11、ans to satisfy with what you have achieved and stop trying.a Noble/poet laureate:It relates to Daphne.It means to be a noble price winner.C13cupidity: It relates to Cupid.It means a very strong desire for something.erotic:It relates to Eros.It means sexual excitement.C14Aphrodites girdle:It relates

12、to Aphrodite.It means unlimited female sexuality.adonis:It relates to Adonis.It means some one is a handsome young man.C16Narcissism:It relates to Narcissus.It means the habit of always thinking about yourself and admiring yourself.C17Pygmalion effect:It relates to Pygmalion. It is a phenomenon in w

13、hich the greater the expectation placed upon people ,the better they perform.C18atlantean:It relates to Atalanta. It means strong ,powerful and gigantic.Mount ones Pegasus: It relates to Pegasus.It means to write a poem.a chimera in ones brain: It relates to Perseus.It means the fantasy in ones mind

14、.C20the choice of Heracles: It relates to Heracles.It means some one is in a dilemma.Cleanse the Augean Stable:It relates to Augeas.It means to remove something totally.Herculean effort:It relates to Hercules.It means great effort.C21sow dragons teeth: It means to provoke war by spreading dispute;or

15、 cultivate warriors or monster.a Cadmean/Pyrrhic victory:It relates to Cadmus.It means a victory that comes at a great cost.C22sphinx riddle:It relates to Sphinx.It means a puzzle which is very difficult to solve.C24the apple of discord: It means the root of the trouble and any subject of possible o

16、f contention or disagreement.Achillesheel:It relates to Achilles.It means a weak point in something that is otherwise perfect.hector: It relates to Hector.It means to intimidateordominateinablusteringway.Achilles and Patroclus:It relates to Achilles and Patroclus.It means male friendship, a heroic f

17、riendship.Fight like a Trojan:It means to fight with great determination.Sulky like Achilles in his tent: It relates to Achilles.It means sulky.a Trojan horse:It means the hidden danger.Myrmidon: It means a faithful follower who carries out orders without question.Helen of Trojan:It relates to Helen

18、.It means the root of war; a beauty who ruins her country;a terrible disaster brought by somebody or something you like best.Greek gift:It means a gift with evil purpose of the enemy; a gift to murder.简答题 20分C1What did the ancient Greeks know about their world?The Greeks believed the earth to be fla

19、t and circular,their own country occupying the middle of it,the central point being either Mount Olympus,The earth is divided into two equal parts by the Sea.Around the earth flowed the River Ocean.To which place were mortals favored by the gods taken when they died?The Aethiopians.How did Zeus divi

20、de the rule of the world with his brother?Zeuss portion was the heavens,Poseidons the ocean and Hadess the realms of the dead.How was Venus married off to Vulcan?Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts.How did the Fates mete out human destiny?

21、The three goddesses were assigned distinct task:Clotho spun the “thread” of human fate,Lachesis dispensed it and Atropos cut it.C2What was Zeus usual way of hiding his scandals?He raised a cloud to hide some of his doings that would not bear the light and He turned the girl into an animal.How did th

22、e musical instrument “panpipe” come into being?Pan fell in love with A nymph called Syrinx,who was a faithful worshipper of Artemis.He chased her to the bank of river .With the water nymphs help,Syrinx was turned into reeds.Pan was so sad and he made an instrument with the reeds,which called Syrinx.

23、And that is the panpipe.How can you account for Zeuss promiscuity?The promiscuity of Zeus serves more than entertaining purposes.It is out of political purpose.Men have a powerful ability to reproduce in order to reproduce more offspring, . For most of the people in the world flows his blood, is one

24、 of the methods can have more faithful follows.And the number of the faithful follows decide whether his regime is firm.C4What was the direct cause of Prometheus obtaining fire for man?When Epimetheus created man ,he had nothing left for him.What attitude toward women is shown through the story of P

25、andora?The story shows the ancient Greeks thought women were inferior and affiliated to men,and they were the root evil and trouble.Which age of man applies to our own age?Please elaborate.I think we are in the Iron Age.People work day and night and mans character is more complex,though mixed with k

26、indness, but more evil.Human wants to rule everything.People no longer trust each other.Married people do not love each other.Vows are regarded as dust.Kindness and justice are no longer seen as the norm of conduct, but merely violence.How is the first woman often described as a “lovely evil”?How do

27、es she compare with Eve in the Book of Genesis?Pandora is described as a “lovely evil” because she was the most beautiful and sweetest woman,but she opened box and made many evil things free.Both Pandora and Eve are beauties.They are also described as the root of troubles to take the blame for the m

28、ale society.But they were created out of different purpose.Pandora was created as the cost of Prometheus stealing the fire for man.She symbolizes a great temptation and human misery.Eve is inferior and affiliated to the man and just like a slave and she was created to help man.Why did Zeus try to wi

29、thhold fire from human beings?Because fire is a symbol for technology and civilization. Abasicdistinctioninmythbetweenraw&cookedandwild&civilized. AsarevengeforPrometheusearliertheftofthefinestsacrificialportions.Bywithholdingfire,Zeusmakesthedivisionofthesacrificeimpracticable.ThehumiliationofZeusp

30、romptedhimtotaketheextrememeasureofwithholdingfirefrommankind,withoutwhichmanwouldsoonbelittlemorethananimals.C6What led to Bacchus wanderings?Bacchusinventedhowtoplantgrapesandbrewwine.Hewaswanderingaroundandspreadthiskindofknowledgetobringpeoplethejoyofdrinking.C7How did Midas acquire the power of

31、 turning everything to gold?BecauseMidasrescuedBacchuss teacher,Slilenus,andtreatedhimhospitably,entertaininghimfortendaysandnightswithanunceasingroundofjollity.Inreturn,Bacchusgavehimthepowerofturningeverythingtogold.C8What made Hades fall in love with Proserpine?Assignsofwomanlybeautybegantoshinea

32、longsideherchildlikeinnocence,theadolescentgoddessPersephoneunwittinglyattractedtheattentionoftheGreekgodHades.Why was Venus displeased with Athena,Diana,and Proserpine?Because she thought all of them looked down upon the power of her and her son.What prevented Proserpines freedom from the Underworl

33、d?Three pomegranate.From what aspects can the Demeter myth be interpreted?Change of seasonsC9Where are the different ghosts conveyed in the underworld?The evil ghosts will be sent to Tartarus.The virtuous ghosts will be sent to Elysium.Describe the difference between Elysium and Tartarus and the sit

34、uation of their respective inhabitants?Elysium ,ruled over by Cronus, lies near Hades dominions.It s a happy land of perpetual day,without cold or snow,where games,music,and revels never cease,and where the inhabitants may elect to be reborn on earth whenever they please.In Greek mythology ,Tartarus

35、 is a deep chasm surrounded by three heavy curtain and three bronze doors.In Roman mythology,it is a vast river of lava.It is a painful place in where the Furies live.Inhabitants in it suffer a lot.C11How were Atalanta and her husband changed into lions?TheyforgottopayduehonortoVenusandthegoddesswas

36、provokedattheiringratitude.ShecausedthemtogiveoffencetoCybele.Cybeletookfromthemtheirhumanformandturnedthemintoanimalsofcharactersresemblingtheirown.C12what was the cause of Apollos love for Daphne?Cupids golden arrow struck Apollos heart.What did Peneus mean by “ Your face will forbid it”?He meant

37、Daphnes wish would not come true because of her beautiful face.C13What did the oracle of Apollo say about Psyches future husband?He said her future husband awaited he on the top of the mountain and he was a monster whom neither gods nor men could resist.What tempted Psyche to open the box she was br

38、inging back to Venus?A longing desire to put the beauty on her cheeks to become more beautiful.What is the significance of the union of Cupid and Psyche?Love itself is really a happy and painful pursuit of the process,and the process of love must be ups and downs.C14Why did Venus advise Adonis again

39、st attacking wild animals?Because the wild animals were dangerous and she didnt want to lose her beloved Adonis.What did Venus do to commemorate her ill-fated lover?Shechanged his bloodintoshort-lovedflowersanditsblossom openwhenthewind blows.C15What aspect does this story show about love?Themiserab

40、leandbeautiful aspectoflove.C16What incurred Junos anger towards Echos?HertalkthatcontrivedtodetainJunotillZeusandthenymphsmadetheirescape.What was Junos punishment for her?Nopowertospeakfirst.C18What was the cause of Perseuss adventures?Polydectes wanted an easy access to Danae and got rid of Perse

41、us.So he sent Perseus to kill Medusa.How was Medusa killed?Perseus borrowed the shield from Minerva and winged shoes from Hermes,approached Medusa while she slept. He was guided by her image reflection in the bright shield and cut off her head.C19How did the Argonauts pass through the Clashing Rocks

42、?They went along the passage found by the dove they sent out and passed the Clashing Rocks safely.What made Medea kill her own children?The fury with jealousy and the thought to punish Jason further.C20How did Heracles demonstrate his prowess in his infancy?He strangled two snakes which Zeus jealous

43、 wife Hera had sent to attack him.What incident motivated the Labors of Heracles?He was told by the Delphic Oracle to serve Eurystheus for 12 years and win immortality by performing the labors the king imposed upon him.What does the last labor of Heracles symbolize?C21What was the cause of Cadmus ad

44、ventures?BecausehissisterwascarriedawaybyZeus,andhisfathercommandedhimtogoinsearchofhissister.C22How did he kill his own s father?Inordertoavoidkillinghisfatherandmarriedhismotherof,heescapedfromtheCollins,ontheway,hekilledhisfatherbyaccident.What do you know about the Sphinx riddle?Sphinxriddleisof

45、tenusedtodescribetheproblemswhicharecomplex,mysteriousandhardtounderstand.C24Who presented the apple of discord and for what purpose?Eris was angry because she had been left out of the feast. She threw among the guest the apple of discord inscribed “for the fairest” to make an issue between Hera, At

46、hena and Aphrodite.Why was Paris as a baby left in the wilderness to die?Because when her mother Hecuba was pregnant, she dreamed she was giving birth to a torch from which streamed hissing serpents and it would bring unfortunate and disasters to the kingdom.Why were the former suitors of Helen will

47、ing to help Menelaus in the war of reclaiming his wife from Troy?Because Helens father Tyndareus made all the suitors swear an oath to come to the aid of her husband if she should ever be abducted. Whats behind the reluctance of Odysseus and Achilles to join in the expedition?Their love to their fam

48、ilies.What dose the argument between Agamemnon and Achilles show about their character?It showed Agamemnon was stubborn while Achilles was honest and strong-minded.What brought Achilles back to the battlefield?His reconciliation with Achilles and his pride and glory.Why was Achilles so barbaric in h

49、is treatment of Hectors corpse?Because he was so angry with what Hector had done.Compare the values in the story with those that people hold today.Tow what extent are dignity, honor,glory,fame,and revenge still important?问答题 20分Make a comparison between Dionysus and Apollo from their attributes, mot

50、toes and spirits.MusicHuman psycheApollo(rational)Golden lyre, with clear melodies, evoking feelings of harmony and serenitySelf-control, moderation, mental balanceDionysus(irrational)Tambourine, with furious and erratic rhythms, expressing passionate and impulsive nature.Spontaneous and instinctive

51、 emotions; self-indulgence, excessWhat do you think is love ?Explain your opinion with the mythologies.(期中论文）C203.What heroic qualities dos Heracles possess?How does he differ from the other heroes like Jason and Perseus?C224.Do you believe in fate? To what degree are we in control of our own life?教

52、学目标：了解声音的产生，声源，声音的传播，声速掌握声音特性：响度、振幅、音调、频率、音色知识梳理声音是由于物体的振动产生的；正在发声的物体叫声源；声音的传播需要介质，声音可以在液体、固体、气体中传播，但是不能在真空中传播，声音是一种波，它具有搭载信息和传递能量的作用。声音的强弱成为响度，振动的幅度称为振幅。声音的振幅越大，响度越大；声音的高低叫做音调；振动的快慢常用每秒振动的次数-频率，频率的单位是Hz(赫兹)；声音的高低决定于声音的振动频率，声音的振动频率越高，音调越高，频率越低，音调越低；音色取决于发生器的材料和结构；声音的三要素：响度、音调、音色。噪声：难听的、令人厌烦的声音、噪声的波形

53、是杂乱无章的；从环境保护的角度考虑，凡是影响人们正常学习、工作和休息的声音都属于噪声；减少噪声的主要途径：控制噪声的声源（改变、减少或停止声源的振动），阻断噪声传播（主要方法是歌声、吸声和消音），在人耳处减弱噪声（戴护耳器，如耳塞、耳罩或头盔等）。人耳能听到的声波的频率的范围通常在20Hz到20000Hz，高于20000Hz的声波叫做超声波，低于20Hz的声波叫做次声波；与可听声相比，超声波具有方向性好（声呐）、穿透力强、易于获取比较集中的声能等特点，应用：声呐、B超成像、超声波速度测定器、超声波焊接器（塑料袋封口）；检测和控制次声波有助于减少它的危害，并可用来预报地震、台风和检测核爆炸。附录

54、资料：不需要的可以自行删除记叙文基础知识（一）记叙文的特点1、概念：以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，以写人记事，写景状物为主要内容的文章。2、分类：A、按样式分：通讯、回忆录、游记、新闻、参观访问记、民间故事。B、记叙内容分：写人、叙事、写景、状物。（二）记叙的要素和人称记叙的要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。A、时间：一般用时间词表示；也有的间接表示事件的发生时间。B、地点：单一地点，事件在一处发生；还有的事件随情节发展而转换。C、人物：有主要人物和次要人物之分。主要人物往往体现文章的中心思想，次要人物帮助形成完整的情节，并对主要人物起衬托作用。D、起因：指引发事件的原因，一般在开头，也有在后头（倒叙）E、经过：指事件发展的过程，复杂事件的经过往往包含若干阶段，可先概括再综合。F、结果：指事件的结尾，一般也用记叙描写的表达方式，它是事件的一部分。