大学新视野英语(第三版)第二册课后翻译标准答案及原文

1、,.新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册课后翻译答案及原文Unit1原文：English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nationswhose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English haschanged greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into threemain periods: Old English, Middle English and

2、 Modern English. The EnglishlanguagestartedwiththeinvasionofBritainbythreeGermanictribesduringthe5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the Englishlanguage.Duringthemedievalandearlymodernperiods,theinfluenceofEnglishspreadthroughouttheBritishIsles,andfromtheearly17thcentury

3、itsinfluencebegan to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European explorationandcolonizationforseveralcenturiesledtosignificantchangeinEnglish.Today,American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of Americancinema,television,music,tradeandtechnology,includingtheIntern

4、et. 5 世纪，当时三个日会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17 世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有字如其人的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。翻译：Chinesecalligraphyisauniqueartandtheuniquearttreasureintheworld.The formationanddevelo

5、pmentoftheChinese calligraphyis closely relatedtothe emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionaryprocess,Chinesecharactershavenotonlyplayedanimportantroleinexchanging,.ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect

6、 calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge,self-cultivation,personality,andsoforth,thusthereisanexpressionthatseeingthecalligraphershandwritingislikeseeingtheperson.AsoneofthetreasuresofChineseculture,Chinesecalligraphyshinessplendidlyintheworldstreasurehouseofcultureandart.Unit2原文：A MOOC (massive

7、open online course) is an online course aimed atunlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recentdevelopment in distance education and have now become a surging trend inhighereducation.Theseclassesareaimedatexpandingauniversitysreachfromthousands of tuition-paying students who

8、live in town, to millions of studentsaround the world. In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provideinteractiveuserforumstosupportinteractionsbetweenstudentsandprofessors.MOOCscanencouragecommunicationamongparticipantswhobringavarietyofviewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; in

9、spire people to try onsubjects that they wouldnt otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;providemultiplewaystoengagewithcoursematerial,encouragingmultimodal多模式的) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety oflearning styles; and inspire better teaching and use of technolo

10、gies forface-to-facecourses.远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、得以更好地应用。,.来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。翻译：In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, theconstruction of digital education re

11、sources of our country has made greatachievements.Manyuniversitieshavesetuptheirowndigitallearningplatforms,and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot ofadvantages. On one hand, digital teaching

12、 makes global sharing of teachingresources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learners study time andspacetolearn,allowingpeopletogetaccesstothedigitalvirtualschoolsthroughthe Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible forpeopletoshiftfromone-timelearningtolifelonglear

13、ning.Unit3原文：AsanimportantpartoftheAmericanculturevaluesystem,individualismis admired by most American people. Americans view the family as a groupwhose primarypurpose is toadvancethe happiness of individualmembers. Incontrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the Americanfamily

14、member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially oreconomically.Whatwouldbebestforthefamilyisnotusuallyconsideredtobeasimportantaswhatwouldbebestfortheindividual.Withfreedomcomestheresponsibilitytocareforoneself,foritisthefreedomofchoicethatcarrieswithittheresponsibility:toaccepttheco

15、nsequencesofthechoices.ManyAmericansgivetheirchildrenalotoffreedombecausetheywantthemtobeindependentand self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, thebeliefinequalitybetween parentsandchildrenalsohashadastrongeffectonthefamily.翻译：作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，个人主义受到大多数美国,.为重要。与自由相伴而

16、来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的自由承载了责任，孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。原文：孝道（filialpiety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（codeofethics 华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutionaletiquette子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的东方文明之根本。翻译：FilialpietyisthebasiccodeofethicsinancientChinesesociety.Chinesepeopleconsiderfilialpietyasth

17、eessenceofapersonsintegrity,familyharmony,andthenationswell-being.WithfilialpietybeingthecoreofConfucianethics,ithas been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the familyrelationshipforthousandsofyears.ItsundoubtedlyatraditionalChinesevirtue.Thecultureoffilialpietyisacomplexconcept,

18、richincontentandwideinrange.It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generallyspeaking,itreferstotheobligationofchildrentotheirparentsrequiredbythesociety,includingrespect,care,supportfortheelderlyandsoforth.FilialpietyisfundamentaltotheancientOrientalcivilization.Unit4

19、原文：Valentines Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American andEuropean countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchangingvalentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regardingthefestival.OnelegendgoesthattheRomansputapriestnamedSaintValentineintopri

20、sonforrefusingtobelieveintheRomangods.OnFebruary14,Valentinewas put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he hadcured the jailers daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed hewrote her a farewell letter signed From your Valentine. Later, February 14,.becameaholida

21、yforpeopletoshowaffectionfortheirlovedones.Today,peoplecelebrateValentinesDayindifferentways,sendinggreetingcardsandflowers,giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday hasnow become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becomingincreasinglypopular

22、withyoungpeople.翻译：美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月 14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫相信罗马神。2 月 14 日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2 月 14 日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。原文：农历七月初七是中国的七夕节 (Qixi ，是中国传统节日中最具浪们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentines 。七夕节CowherdandWeavingMaid 河 （theMilkyWay ）相会

23、。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。翻译：July7thontheChinesecalendarisChineseQixiFestival,themostromanticofallthetraditionalChineseholidays.Everyyear,somebigbusinessesorganizevariousactivities,andyoungpeoplesendgiftstotheirlovers.Asaresult,theQixiFestivalisconsideredtobeChineseValentinesDay.TheQixiF

24、estivalisderivedfrom the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on thisparticularnighteveryyeartheWeavingMaidinheavenmeetswithCowherd.So,people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on thenightofQixi.Onthisnight,girlswouldalsobegWeavingMaidforsomewisdomfor a ha

25、ppy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities arediminishing.AllthatremainsisthelegendofCowherdandWeavingMaid,asign,.offaithfullove,continuouslycirculatedamongthefolk.Unit5原文：The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historicalperiodofEuropeanglobalexplorationt

26、hatstartedintheearly15thcenturyandcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.ItisusuallyregardedasabridgebetweentheMiddleAgesandtheModernera,inthecontextofemergingwesternimperialismandeconomiccompetitionbetweenEuropeankingdomsseekingwealththroughthe establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great exp

27、lorersduringthisperiod,themostoutstandingonewasChristopherColumbussincehediscovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise ofcolonialempires,withthecontactbetweentheOldandNewWorldsproducingtheexchange:awidetransferofplants,animals,foods,culture,andsoforth.Thisrepresented one of t

28、he most significant global events concerning ecology,agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the globalmapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizationsacknowledgingeachother.始于 15 世纪初并一直持续到 18 世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险

29、家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。原文：丝绸之路（Silk ）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称丝绸之路。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁， 丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了一带一路（OneBelt,OneRoad 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路略构想。一带一路以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。,.这

30、一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。翻译：TheSilkRoadisatrafficrouteintheancienttimesconnectingChinaandEurasia.This trade route focuses onthetrade ofsilk,hencethe name the SilkRoad.Asaninternationaltradechannelandabridgeofculturalexchanges,theSilk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges anddevelo

31、pmentbetweentheEastandtheWest,exertingaprofoundimpactontheprogress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historicalcircumstances, our country proposes the strategy of One Belt, One Road(namelytheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad).ThestrategyofOneBelt,OneRoadfocuseso

32、ncooperationandmutualbenefits,emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of therelated countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responsesfromtherelatedcountriesalongtheroad.Unit6原文：Minimalism()isaboutgettingridofexcessstuffandkeepingonlywhat you need. Min

33、imalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less aspossible, mentally and physically until you achieve peace of mind. Results thatensuearelessstress,moretime,andincreasedhappiness.Minimalistsliketosaythattheyrelivingmoremeaningfully,moredeliberately,andthattheminimalistlifestyleallowsthemt

34、ofocusonwhatsmoreimportantinlife:friends,hobbies,travel, experiences. Of course, minimalism doesnt mean theres anythinginherentlywrongwithowningmaterialpossessions.Todaysproblemseemstobethatwetendtogivetoomuchmeaningtoourthings,oftenforsaking(ourhealth,ourrelationships,ourpassions,ourpersonalgrowth,

35、andourdesiretocontributebeyondourselves.Inadditiontoitsapplicationinpeoplesdailylife,抛弃)minimalism also finds application in many creative disciplines, including art,architecture,design,dance,filmmaking,theater,music,fashion,photographyandliterature.翻译：极简主义是指去掉多余的，仅保留需要的部分。用最简单的话来说，极简上的，也是身体上的。这样的生活

36、方式会减轻压力，带来更多自由时间，并增强幸福感。极简主义者会说，他们生活得更有意义了，更从容了，极简的生活方式,.让他们着眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、爱好、旅游和体验。当然，极简主义时尚、摄影和文学等。NationalHappinessIndex NHI）是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数，也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。惠。所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。翻译：National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happypeopleare.Itisalsoatoolthatmeasu

37、resthelevelsofeconomicdevelopmentandpeopleslivelihoodandhappinessinacountryorregion.WiththefastgrowthofChinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and moreattention to peoples living quality and the increase of happiness index. Thegovernmentstressesimprovementofitspeopleslivelihood,

38、strivingtoimprovetheireconomicconditionsandmeettheirgrowingmaterialandculturalneeds.Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reformdividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All thesemeasureswillcombinetoeffectivelyincreasetheNHIofourpeople.Unit7原

39、文：The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion andculture of the wedding participants. For example, in Western cultures bridesoftenchooseawhiteweddingdress,whileinChinathetraditionalweddingdressisinred.Thoughwhitehasbecomethemostpreferredcolorforweddinggownsacrosstheworldtoday,th

40、iswasnotawidespreadtrendbeforetheVictorianera.Whitebecameapopularoptionin1840,whenQueenVictoriaworeawhitegownat her wedding. The official wedding photograph was widely published, andmany brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen. Many people,.believed that the color white symbolized vi

41、rginity, though this was not theoriginal intention. As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresseswere oncetypically short in the front with a longer train in the back. This tendencycontinued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long,full-skirteddesigns.前并不是一个普遍的潮流。白色在1840 年成

42、为了一个受欢迎的选择，那年维多白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚纱礼服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是长长的裙摆。这种趋势一直持续到 20 世纪 60 年代后期，那个时期全长裙边的设计恢复了流行。原文：中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（）就是其中的一种。刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两、三千年的历史。从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为女红（womens 在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcaseornament中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主题也各有不同。在这其中，苏州的苏

43、绣最负盛名。翻译：Chinaishometosilk,therebyhavingavarietyofartsrelatedtosilk,oneofwhichis embroidery.Embroidery,withatleast twoorthreethousandyearsofhistory, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since mostembroiderersarewomen,itsalsocalledwomensneedlework.Embroideryhasbeenmuch-lovedbytheCh

44、inesepeople.Itcanbeusedtobeautifyclothingandthings. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered withbeautifuldesigns,orapieceofembroiderycanbemadeforaspecialornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou,Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from

45、Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, eachhavingitsownstyleandtheme.Amongthefour,Suzhouembroideryhasenjoyedthehighestreputation.,.Unit8原 文 ： The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an internationalnon-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation,research and restoration of the en

46、vironment. The organization was originallynamedtheWorldWildlifeFundin1961.In1986,itchangeditsnametoWorldWideFundforNaturetobetterreflectthescopeofitsactivities.Withoverfivemillionsupportersworldwide,itistheworldslargestindependentconservationorganization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300conservation and environmental projects. Its mission is to stop destroying theplanets natural environment and to build a future in which humans live inharmonywithnature.Currently,muchofitsworkfocusesontheconservationofocean