2022年考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号90

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题If you reinstate old-fashioned values about money and work, you can give your children a precious gift: the key to self-sufficiency.问题1选项A.resolveB.resortC.redressD.restore【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resolve“决定；溶解；决心要做”；B选项r

2、esort“求助；诉诸；采取某手段或方法（其一般需后接介词to）”；C选项redress“救济；赔偿；纠正”；D选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”。句意：如果你旧式的金钱和工作价值观，你可以给你的孩子一份珍贵的礼物：自给自足的钥匙。根据后面的宾语old-fashioned values“老式的价值观”，If引导的虚拟句，根据后面的结果来看能够给孩子一份珍贵的礼物，保证自给自足。由此可知，这一旧式的金钱和工作价值观是可取的。所以需要将过时的事物重新拾起，进行运用。因此D选项符合题意。2.单选题In the IT industry, some think of Bill Gates as a

3、monster while others _ him as a living god.问题1选项A.extricateB.disparageC.emulateD.revere【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项extricate“使解脱，解救”，B项disparage“贬低，抨击，诋毁”，C项emulate“仿真，模仿，尽力赶上”，D项revere“敬畏，尊敬，崇敬”。由while“然而”和as a monster“一个怪物”以及as a living god“活着的神”可知，前后语义是相反的，那么空格处填入“尊敬”符合句意。句意：在IT行业，一些人认为比尔盖茨是一个怪物，而另一些人则把他尊为

4、活着的神。因此，该题选择D项正确。3.单选题Experiments using animals have played a crucial role in the development of modem medical treatments, and they will continue to be necessary as researchers seek to _ existing ailments and respond to the emergence of new disease.问题1选项A.alleviateB.replicateC.dwindleD.exploit【答案】A【

5、解析】考查动词辨析。A项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，B项replicate“复制，折叠”，C项dwindle“减少，变小”，D项exploit“开发，开拓，剥削”。空格处填入动词，其宾语是existing ailments“现有的疾病”，结合后面的句子respond to the emergence of new disease“应对新疾病的出现”可知，alleviate符合语境。句意：动物实验在现代医学治疗的发展中发挥了至关重要的作用，在研究人员寻求减轻现有疾病和应对新疾病出现时，这些实验将继续是必要的。因此，该题选择A项正确。4.单选题Womens minds work differ

6、ently from mens. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being

7、 different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processesthe link between the two halves of the

8、brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always large and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that structural difference

9、has been found between the brains of men and women and it must have some significance. The question is “What” and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn

10、and a result of evolution? We tend to think that it is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left hal

11、f is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connection

12、.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemis

13、pheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact vi

14、a corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involving intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1. According to the passage, brain differences are caused by _ factors.2. Which of the f

15、ollowing best describes the psychologists attitude towards the issue that womens minds are different from mens?3. “These differences” in Paragraph 5 refers to those in _.4. In the last paragraph, the author suggests more work on _.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.biologicalB.psychol

16、ogicalC.mentalD.social问题2选项A.They used to consider the issue uninteresting and not worth researching.B.They find that the difference is attributed to the influence of the society.C.They have already given up finding out the real cause of the difference.D.They study the issue from a perspective diffe

17、rent from that of the biologists.问题3选项A.activities carried out by the brainB.the brain structure of men and womenC.the performance on school subjectsD.the skills of men and women问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the differences between men and womenC.the functioning of parts of the brainD.the e

18、ffects of the trunk line10. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题5选项A.To propose new fields in brain research.B.To outline the research findings on the brain structure.C.To discuss the various causes of structural differences in brain.D.To explain the relationship between gender and brain struc

19、ture.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，大脑的差异是由因素造成的”。第三段提到We tend to think that it is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?（我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异。但我们可能错了吗？），联系后文并没有否定这个认为，因此D项“社会”符合题意；A项“生理”、B项“心理”和C项“精神”在文中都没有明确提到是其因素。因此，该题选择D

20、项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“以下哪一个最好地描述了心理学家对女性的思想不同于男性这一问题的态度？”。根据第一段中的Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.（女性的思维方式与男性不同。至少，大多数人是这么认为的。心理学家认为，这个主题要么是一件令人沮丧的事情，要么就是一个笑话

21、）可推断，心理学家对于男女思维方式不同这个话题的态度是他们已经不在乎造成这个差异的真正原因了，C项“他们已经放弃了找出差异的真正原因”正确；A项“他们过去认为这个问题无趣，不值得研究”文章未提及；B项“他们发现这种差异是由于社会的影响”不是心理学家的观点；D项“他们从不同于生物学家的角度研究这个问题”与原文意思相反。因此，该题选择C项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第五段中的这些差异指的是这些在上的差异”。根据题干定位到文章第五段，倒数第二句提到In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than

22、boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics.（在世界各地的学校里，女孩往往比男孩在“语言科目”上表现更好，而男孩在数学和物理方面表现更好），接着就提到了If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.（如果这些差异与半球主干道上的差异相一致，那么两性之间就存在着不可改变的区别），可知，

23、these difference指的就是女性和男性在学业表现上的差异，C项“学业课程的表现”正确；A项“由大脑进行的活动”、B项“男人和女人的大脑结构”和D项“男人和女人的技能”在该段都未提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在最后一段中，作者建议在上做更多的工作”。根据最后一段We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioni

24、ng of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involving intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processin

25、g.（我们一时半会儿还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校科目的能力与大脑两个半球的运作之间的任何精确关系，我们也不知道这两个半球是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异一定有影响，因为这种差异存在于涉及智力的大脑部位，我们应该寻找智力处理方面的差异。）可以推知，在最后一段，作者建议研究大脑的运作，C项“大脑各部分的运作”符合题意；A项“大脑的整体结构”和B项“男人和女人之间的差异”表述不正确；D项“大脑干线的作用”只是其中一部分。因此，该题选择C项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是什么？”。文章开头提出男女大脑结构存在差异，接着进一步指明差异在于

26、大脑半球的连接，且差异是由于社会的影响造成的；但目前对于男女技能差异和大脑结构的差异之间的关系没有任何确切的认知，也不知道大脑两半球是如何相互作用的；最后文章指出But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involving intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.（但这种显著的差异一定有影响，因为这种差异存在于涉及

27、智力的大脑部位，我们应该寻找智力处理方面的差异），因此我们可以推断，文章的目的是提出大脑研究的方向，A项“提出大脑研究的新领域”符合题意；B项“概述关于大脑结构的研究成果”、C项“讨论造成大脑结构差异的各种原因”和D项“解释性别和大脑结构的关系”都只是文章的一部分内容，而不是目的。因此，该题选择A项正确。5.单选题She makes no _ of then affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.问题1选项A.acknowledgmentB.c

28、oncealmentC.complimentD.amendment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项acknowledgment“感谢，承认，承认书”，B项concealment“隐藏，隐蔽，隐匿处”，C项compliment“恭维，称赞，问候”，D项amendment“修正案，改善，改正”。根据he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances“他知道他不能和这些新认识的人谈论这件事”可知，makes no _中的空格处应该表示“没有承认”。句意：她没有公开承认那件事，他知道他不能和这些新认识的

29、人提起这件事。因此，该题选择A项正确。6.单选题Hearsay evidence consists of statements made out of court by someone who is not present to testify under oath at a trial.问题1选项A.mistrustB.disputeC.scrutinyD.pledge【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓约，诅咒”；A项mistrust“不信任，怀疑”，B项dispute“辩论，争吵，意见不同”，C项scrutiny“详细审查，监视，细看”，D项pledge“保证，誓言，抵

30、押”。句意：非直接证据指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作证时所作的证词。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。7.单选题The film recounts the story of a young beautiful woman who plots a _ revenge on her unfaithful lover.问题1选项A.miserlyB.dastardlyC.impotentD.dissoluble【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项miserly“吝啬的，贪婪的”，B项dastardly“卑鄙的，懦弱的”，C项impotent“无力的，无效的，虚弱的”，D项dissoluble“可分解的，可溶

31、解的，可解除的”。从句子结构可知，句子缺少一个形容词修饰名词revenge“复仇，报仇”，四个选项中只有“卑鄙的”符合语境。句意：这部电影讲述了一个年轻美丽的女人计划对她不忠的情人进行卑鄙的报复的故事。因此，该题选择B项正确。8.翻译题When some Americans speak of the virtues of English, they almost always begin by glorifying its enormous vocabulary, which is at least twice as large as that of any other language. B

32、ut this is not what enchants the foreigner; on the contrary, the vast reaches of the vocabulary naturally alarm him. The thing that really wins him is the clarity and simplicity of the language. We use, for all our store of Latin polysyllables, a great many more short words than long ones, and we ar

33、e always trying to make the long ones short. What was once puniligrion is now pun; what was gasoline only yesterday is already gas. No other European language has so many three-letter words, nor so many four-word sayings. “First come, first served”that is typically English, for it is bold, plain, an

34、d short.【答案】当一些美国人谈及英语的优点时，几乎总是一开始就赞美其词汇量之庞大，英语的词汇比任何其他语言的词汇至少多一倍。然而，吸引外国人的并不是词汇量大，相反，浩瀚的词汇很容易令外国人担忧。真正赢得外国人的是英语简练和淳朴的特征。尽管英语中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音节词，但我们却更多地使用短语，少用长词。而且，我们总是努力把长词缩短。以前使用puniligrion，现在缩短成了pun；昨天还是gasoline，今天已成为gas。欧洲没有任何一种其他语言有这么多由三个字母构成的单词，也没有如此多由四个单词构成的语言。“First comes, first served（先到先供应）”便

35、是典型的英语，因为它一目了然、朴实无华、短小精悍。9.单选题Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of _.问题1选项A.extinctionB.immigrationC.distinctionD.extraction【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项extinction“灭绝，消失，消灭”，B项immigration“外来移民，移居”，C项distinction“区别，差别，特性”，D项extraction“取出，抽出，拔出”。由Sadly“悲哀地”和the Giant Panda“大熊猫”可知，in

36、 danger of _表示“濒临灭绝”。句意：遗憾的是，大熊猫是许多濒临灭绝的物种之一。因此，该题选择A项正确。10.单选题Weve made tentative plans for a holiday but havent decided anything yet.问题1选项A.temporaryB.detailedC.purposelyD.refreshing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。tentative表示“试验性的，暂定的，踌躇的”；A项temporary“暂时的，临时的”，B项detailed“详细的，精细的”，C项purposely“故意地”，D项refreshing“提神

37、的，使清爽的，使人重新振作的”。句意：我们暂定了一个度假计划，但还没有决定任何事情。根据句意可知，tentative在句中表示“暂定的”，A项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择A项正确。11.单选题They failed this time, but I would _ a guess that they will do fairly well in the next election.问题1选项A.pursueB.hazardC.illustrateD.crave【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项pursue“继续，从事，追赶”，B项hazard“大胆猜测，冒的危险”，C项illustrate

38、“阐明，举例说明，图解”，D项crave“渴望，恳求”。由空格后的guess“猜测”可知，B项符合语境。句意：他们这次失败了，但我敢打赌他们在下次选举中会表现得相当好。因此，该题选择B项正确。12.单选题In her long, but ultimately triumphant career, she has been forced to smuggle birth control supplies under her clothing.问题1选项A.forcefulB.insightfulC.successfulD.influential【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项forcef

39、ul“强有力的；有说服力的”；B选项insightful“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”；C选项successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；D选项influential“有影响的；有势力的”。句意：在她漫长但最终职业生涯中，她被迫在衣服下走私节育用品。前面一部分都是用来形容career“职业生涯”long“漫长的”，在一个人的职业生涯中不可能永远是一帆风顺的，中途也会遇到挫折。but ultimately“但是最终”有转折可以知道最后的结果是美好的。因此C选项符合题意。13.单选题Snow began to fall at round about the beginning of the New

40、 Year and continued on and off for _ ten days.问题1选项A.appropriatelyB.exceedinglyC.approximatelyD.apprehensively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项appropriately“适当地，合适地，相称地”，B项exceedingly“非常，极其，极度地”，C项approximately“大约，近似地，近于”，D项apprehensively“担心地”。由ten days“10天”可知，“大约地”符合语境。句意：大约在新年伊始就下起了雪，断断续续下了大约十天。因此，该题选择C项正确。14.单选

41、题The training of human intelligence must include the simultaneous development of the empathetic capacity.问题1选项A.simulatedB.coincidentC.instantaneousD.similar【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。simultaneous表示“同时的，联立的，同时发生的”；A项simulated“模拟的，模仿的，仿造的”，B项coincident“一致的，符合的，同时发生的”，C项instantaneous“瞬间的，即时的，猝发的”，D项similar“相似的”

42、。句意：人类智力的训练必须包括移情能力的同时发展。根据句意可知，B项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择B项正确。15.单选题Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines; the Bug-Eyed Monster embodying every feature that most people find repulsive. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a

43、worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. The basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science f

44、iction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studyingfor no other literary form does quite the same things.The question is: what is science fiction? And the answer must be, unfortunately, that there have been few attempts t

45、o consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its characteristics. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it nor that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified.

46、 To begin with, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follow the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition with necessarily be modified and expa

47、nded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a points of departure.The first pointthat science fiction is a literary subgenreis a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fict

48、ion. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Rossums Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly

49、large. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction that is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in generalthat is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can b

50、e said about prose fiction in general applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nat

51、ure and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator story, plot, character, setting, and language.

52、 In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.1. Science fiction is called a literary subgenre because _.2. The view of science fiction encouraged by pulp magazines, whi

53、le wrong, is nevertheless _.3. An appropriate title for the passage would be _.4. The authors definition suggests that all science fiction deals with _.5. One implication of the final sentence in the passage is that _.问题1选项A.it is not important enough to be a literary genreB.it cannot be made into a

54、 dramatic presentationC.to call it a “genre” would subject it to literary jargonD.it shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction问题2选项A.popularB.derangedC.elegantD.accurate问题3选项A.On the Inaccuracies of Pulp MagazinesB.Man and the UniverseC.Toward a Definition of Science FictionD.A Type o

55、f Prose Fiction问题4选项A.the same topics addressed by novels and short storiesB.the unfamiliar or unusualC.Karel Capeks well-known postulateD.the conflict between science and fiction问题5选项A.there are reasons for enjoying science fictionB.the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fictionC.th

56、ere is no reason for any reader not to like science fictionD.those who can read and analyze fiction can also do so with science fiction【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科幻小说之所以被称为文学流派分支是因为”。根据第三段最后一句To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction that is to say t

57、hat it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in generalthat is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.（科幻小说是散文小说的一个分支，也就是说，它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）可知，D项“它与其他类型的散文小说有共同的特点”正确；根据第一段Many

58、people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazinesThis is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个值得的，甚至是重要的文学努力）可知，科幻小说是重要的文学努力，A项“它还不够重要去成为一种文学体裁”错误；根据第

59、三段中的There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说）可知，科幻小说可以以戏剧形式出现，B项“不能以戏剧的形式表演”错误；根据第三段第一句The first pointthat science fiction is a literary subgenreis a very important one（科幻小说是文学的一个分支，这一点非常重要）可知，科幻小说就是属于文学流派分支，C项“称其为体裁会使它从属于文学流派”也不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解

60、析】细节事实题。题干意思是“被低俗杂志推崇的科幻小说这一的观点尽管是错误的，然而它却是”。根据第一段Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表）可知，这种观点是非常普遍的，A项“流行的，普遍的”正确；B项“疯狂的”、C项“优雅的”和D项“准确的”表述都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题应该是”。通读全