2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号82

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论

2、等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。2.单选题A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine_with other people.问题1选项A.such as they now talkB.like they now talkC.as much as they now doD.as they

3、 now do【答案】D【解析】考查比较级。在as.as.引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quickly and easily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。3.单选题Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today.By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowl

4、edge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose “flextime, flexplace” arrangements, which allow them to work home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called “digital divide see

5、ms to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to dag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.C

6、ompany-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behind.80% of US homes will have computers in 2005, com

7、pared with roughly 50% now. In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many hig

8、h school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries

9、in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Websites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the edu

10、cation needed to build a productive life in an increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity.Even entry-level workers and those i

11、n formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any field, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in todays work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is bec

12、oming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.1. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT_.2. “digital divide” in the 4th paragraph refers to_.3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?4. Which of the following areas

13、is NOT discussed in the passage?5. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize _in an increasingly high-tech world.问题1选项A.American management personnelB.European management personnelC.American peoples choice of careerD.traditional practice at work问题2选项A.the gap in terms of computer owne

14、rshipB.the tendency of computer ownershipC.the dividing line based on digitsD.the ethnic distinction among American households问题3选项A.By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B.By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.

15、C.By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D.By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.问题4选项A.Future careers.B.Nature of future work.C.Ethnic differences.D.Schools and libraries.问题5选项A.the variety of educationB.the content of educationC.

16、the need for educationD.the function of education【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段中的By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.（到2005年，美国83%的管理人员将成为知识型员工。欧洲和日本紧跟其后）与A、B选项对应；第七段中的In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-g

17、rowing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related.（在美国，从现在到2005年10个发展最快的职业中，有5个是与计算机相关的）与C选项对应。通过排除法排除A、B、C选项，因此选D。2.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly（一半的白人家庭拥有电脑，43%的非裔美国家庭

18、拥有电脑，而且他们的数量正在迅速增长）可知“digital divide”指的是拥有电脑方面的差距，因此选A。3.推理判断题。由文章第八段中的By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning.（到2005年，几乎所有的大学课本和许多高中和初中书籍都

19、将与互联网网站联系在一起，这些网站提供资源、练习和相关的新闻文章，以帮助学习）可知互联网知识作为辅助一种辅助工具，因此A选项表述不正确。4.细节事实题。文章第七段中的In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related.（在美国，从现在到2005年10个发展最快的职业中，有5个是与计算机相关的）与A选项对应。第四段中的where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43

20、% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly（一半的白人家庭拥有电脑，43%的非裔美国家庭拥有电脑，而且他们的数量正在迅速增长）与C选项对应；倒数第四段中的Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005.（到2005年，互联网链接将提供世界上所有主要图书馆的卡片目录） 与D选项对应。通过排除法排除A、C、D选项，因此选B。5.细节事实

21、题。由文章最后一段中的Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education.（即使是初级工人和以前非技术性职位的工人也需要越来越高的教育水平）可知选C。4.单选题In the next few years major changes will be （）in Chinas industries.问题1选项A.brought forwardB.brought upC.brought onD.brought about【答案】D【解析】考查词组搭

22、配。A选项brought forward提前，提出；B选项brought up提出，养育；C选项 brought on导致，引起，使发展；D选项brought about导致，带来，产生。bring on是指事情己经告一段落又再次被引起，而bring about则指事情被从头引起；根据句意“在接下来的几年中，中国的工业将发生巨大的变化”，因此，因此，D项更符合题意。5.单选题_ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.问题1选项A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White

23、 has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been【答案】D【解析】语法题。as引导的让步状语从句，一般将形容词，名词等提前，使用部分倒装。A、B、C选项语序错误。 D选项符合部分倒装形式，将表语提前。因此，本题正确答案为D 项。句意：尽管白色礼服在过去并不流行，但是现在却是最为流行的婚纱颜色。6.单选题Cultural_indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to anothe

24、r.问题1选项A.translationB.transitionC.transmissionD.transaction【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”；B选项transition“转变，变迁”；C选项transmission“传播，传递”；D选项transaction“交易，业务”。根据hand their languages down from one generation to another可知C选项符合语义。句意：文化传播意味着人类将他们的语言代代相传。7.单选题How we look and how we appear to others pro

25、bably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a cer

26、tain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way a

27、s he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes conven

28、ience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American

29、hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion.

30、 After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. Th

31、e popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview fo

32、r a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no o

33、ne else does either!1. The author thinks that people are_.2. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to_.3. Causes of fashions are_.4. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_.5. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their

34、appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.individual hair styleD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexp

35、licable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Few of us

36、are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人

37、，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like every

38、one else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important

39、 in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。8.单选题Her dairy was full of the insignificant, happy daily that had made up her life.问题1选项A.pursuitsB.triflesC.trivialD.premise【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项pursuits n.追求；B选项tri

40、fles n.琐事，鸡毛蒜皮的；C选项trivial adj.不重要的，琐碎的；D选项premise n.假定，前提。根据句意可知，她的日记中记载着许多微不足道却又快乐的生活琐事。因此，正确答案为B项。9.单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to yield to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.to succumb to being tiredB.to sustain the fatigueC.to endure the long strainD.to

41、 expose them to the risks【答案】A【解析】本题考查短语搭配。A选项to succumb to being tired屈服于疲劳；B选项to sustain the fatigue 维持疲劳；C选项 to endure the long strain 承受长期压力；D选项to expose them to the risks 暴露在风险下。句意：他们很好地利用了现有时间，不会轻易地因充满压力的工作弄得疲劳不堪。因此，等同于to yield to fatigue“屈服疲劳”的选项是A项。10.单选题Most of us are taught to pay attentio

42、n to what is said the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we asso

43、ciate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention t

44、o what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy.” The owner says, “Its been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasnt been like that for yea

45、rs, but the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs

46、 can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavio

47、r. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials o

48、f charges like “Youre dumb/ “Youre lazy,” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “NoP and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with

49、emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it

50、assumes.1. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners if_.2. “Im letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means_.3. The house-owners example shows that he actually means_.4. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if_.5. The word “r

51、itualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done_.问题1选项A.they use proper words to carry their ideasB.they both speak truly of their own feelingsC.they try to understand each others ideas beyond wordsD.they are capable of associating meaning with their words问题2选项A.Im just calling your atte

52、ntionB.Pm just kiddingC.Pm just saying the oppositeD.Im just giving off some sound问题3选项A.the step has been like that for yearsB.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the stepC.the condition of the step is only a minor faultD.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared问题4选项A.linked to an abnormal

53、amount of assertivenessB.seen as ones habitual pattern of behaviorC.taken as part of an ordering sequenceD.expressed to a series of charges问题5选项A.without true intentionB.light-heartedlyC.in a way of ceremonyD.with less emphasis【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Words do provide us with

54、 some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone.（言语的确为我们提供了一些信息，但其意思是从如此多的其它来源中获取出来的，以至于过于依赖言语将阻碍我们与其他人交流的效果）可知D选项“他们能把自己的言语与意思联系起来”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Sometimes our words

55、 dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.”（有时我们的言语并没有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情绪。 我实际上不想让你仔细听我说的话，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A选项“我只是提醒你注意”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章一段中的Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years,

56、but the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?”（事实上，这个台阶已经有好几年不是这样的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修复它。我们能忍受它。你为什么不能忍受它了？）可知B选项“他认为没必要修台阶”符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干意思是“有些反应和行为可能看起来非常不合逻辑，但如果，是合理的”。根据第二段第五句A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was prec

57、eded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness.（一个朋友的异常温顺的行为，也许只能通过注意到它是以需要异常自信的情境为前提才能被理解）和第六句 Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic.（有些反应可能直接与反应的发展模式有关，而且不符合逻辑）可推断，如果要理解有些反应和行为，那么就需要注意到之前发生的事件的情况，所以C项“作为有序的续发事件的一部分”符合题意。A项“与

58、一定反常程度的自信有关”，表述不够全面；B项“被视为一个人的习惯性行为模式”，文中没有提到习惯性行为；D项“表达了一系列指控”在文中只是举例说明，D项不选。因此，该题选择C项正确。5.词义题。“ritual（仪式，惯例）”为副词ritualistically的名词形式，故ritualistically表述“仪式地”，因此选C。11.单选题Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the i

59、ncome to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less f

60、irmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role c