骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs培训课件

1、骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs目的和要求1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志。2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列。down Up 2骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs Each limb has a girdle and three segments .In the upper limb ,these are the shoulder girdle ,the upper arm ,the forearm and the hand .In the lower limb ,those are the

2、 pelvic girdle ,the thigh ,the leg and the foot .3骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs一、The bones of upper limbs The bones of upper limbs include shoulder girdle上肢带骨and the bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨. The shoulder girdle consist of the clavicle锁骨 and the scapula肩胛骨 4骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs The bones of free u

3、pper limb自由上肢骨include the bone of upper arm (humerus肱骨),the bones of the forearm (the radius桡骨 and ulna尺骨) and the bones of hand (the carpal bones腕骨, metacarpal bones 掌骨 and phalanges指骨) 一、The bones of upper limbs5骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs1. The clavicle 锁骨The Clavicle is S-shaped and curved rod of bo

4、ne.The medial 2/3 of the bone is convex forward whereas the lateral 1/3 is concave forward. (一) The shoulder girdle上肢带骨6骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsThe rounded medial (or sternal胸骨端)end jionts the sternum .The flattened lateral(or acromial肩峰端)end joints the scapula.1. The clavicle 锁骨7骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLi

5、mbs The weakest part of the clavicle is at the junction of the middle and lateral thirds.1. The clavicle 锁骨8骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsThe scapula has three borders ,three angles and two surfaces.three bordersSuperior:scapular notch 肩胛切迹coracoid process 喙突Lateral (axillary) border腋缘Medial (vertebral) bo

6、rder脊柱缘2. The scapula 肩胛骨9骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsThree anglesSuperior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th ribLateral: glenoid cavity关节盂 2. The scapula 肩胛骨10骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsTwo surfacesAnterior surface : subscapular fossa肩胛下窝Posterior surface:supraspinous fossa冈上窝infraspinou

7、s fossa冈下窝spine of scapula 肩胛冈acromion 肩峰2. The scapula 肩胛骨11骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It has a body and two ends.Upper end:head of humerus肱骨头anatomical neck解剖颈greater and lesser tubercles大、小结节surgical neck 外科颈1.The humerus 肱骨（二）The bones

8、of free upper limbs12骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs13骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsShaft:1.deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆2.sulcus for radial nerve 桡神经沟1.The humerus 肱骨14骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs15骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsLower end:capitulum 肱骨小头trochlea 肱骨滑车coranoid fossa 冠突窝radial fossa 桡窝 olecranon fossa鹰嘴窝 lateral and m

9、edial epicondyles内、外上髁 sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟1.The humerus 肱骨16骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsThe radius is the lateral bone of the two in the forearm. It has a shaft and two ends.Upper end:head of radius桡骨头neck of radius桡骨颈Lower end:styloid process 桡骨茎突ulnar notch尺切迹 carpal articular surface腕关节面2.The

10、radius 桡骨17骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsFracture of the distal end of the radius 18骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsThe ulna lies medial to the radius in the forearm. It is also a long bone with two ends and a shaft.Upper end: olecranon鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突trochlear notch滑车切迹 Lower end styloid process 尺骨茎突head of

11、ulna 尺骨头 3.The ulnar 尺骨19骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs20骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsCarpal bones 腕骨舟月三角豆大小头状钩Metacarpal bones掌骨Phalanges of fingers 指骨21骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs二、The bones of Lower Limb The lower limb which is similar to the upper ,is connected to the trunk by a girdle ,the pelvic girdle ,the fr

12、ee lower limb is divided into three segments ,the thigh ,the leg and the foot .22骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs The pelvic girdle is formed by a hip bone髋骨on each side .The bone of the thigh is the femur股骨 .The bones of the leg are the medial tibia胫骨 and the lateral fibula腓骨 .The bones of the foot are comp

13、osed of three parts , the tarsal bones跗骨, the metatarsal bones跖骨, the phalanges 趾骨二、The bones of Lower Limb23骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsHip bone The hip bone of a newborn consists of three components: ilium髂骨, ischium坐骨, pubis耻骨(一）The pelvic girdle下肢带骨24骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs25骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsBo

14、dy of ilium 髂骨体 Ala of ilium 髂骨翼iliac crest 髂嵴anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘anterior inferior iliac spine 髂前下棘tubercle of iliac crest髂结节1. The ilium髂骨26骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsposterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘posterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹iliac fossa 髂窝arcuate li

15、ne弓状线1. The ilium髂骨27骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs2. The ischium 坐骨Body of ischium 坐骨体, ischial spine坐骨棘, lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹Ramus of ischium 坐骨支, ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节28骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs 3. The pubis 耻骨Body of pubis 耻骨体iliopubic eminence 髂耻隆起Superior ramus of pubis 耻骨上支:pecten of pubis 耻骨梳

16、pubic tubercle 耻骨结节pubic crest 耻骨嵴symphysial surface耻骨联合面Inferior ramus of pubis耻骨下支obturator foramen 闭孔29骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs 1. The femur 股骨 The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body and consists of a shaft and two ends(二) The bones of free Lower Limb31骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsUpper

17、end:femoral head股骨头fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹neck of femur 股骨颈greater trochanter 大转子lesser trochanter 小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴 1. The femur 股骨32骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsFracture of the femoral neck33骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsShaft:linea aspera 粗线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆pe

18、ctineal line耻骨肌线 popliteal surface 腘面 1. The femur 股骨34骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsLower end:medial and lateral condyles内、外侧髁medial and lateral epicondyles内、外上髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa髁间窝patellar surface髌面 1. The femur 股骨35骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs The patella is a sesamoid bone, about 5cm

19、 in diameter, which is located in the front of the knee joint, embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is a flattend, oval bone with an apex downwards. The posterior surface of the patella contains two articular surfaces for the medial and lateral condyles of the femur. 2. The patella髌骨

20、36骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsThe tibia is the larger and medial bone of the leg. It has a shaft and two ends.Upper end:medial and lateral condyles 内、外侧髁intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起fibular articular surface 腓关节面tuberosity of tibia胫骨粗隆 3. The tibia 胫骨37骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsShaft: soleal line 比目鱼肌线Lower e

21、nd:fibular notch腓切迹medial malleolus 内踝3. The tibia 胫骨38骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs The fibula is located on the lateral side of the tibia. Upper end: fibular head 腓骨头, neck of fibula 腓骨颈Lower end: lateral malleolus 外踝4. The fibula 腓骨39骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs40骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsTarsal bones 跗骨距跟舟三楔骰

22、Metatarsal bones 跖骨Phalanges of toes 趾骨41骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbsQuestionthe clavicle and the scapula. 上页下页 1What bones make up the shoulder girdle ？ the hip bone髋骨,the femur股骨 ,the tibia胫骨 the fibula腓骨 , the tarsal bones跗骨 the metatarsal bones跖骨, the phalanges趾骨2What bones comprise the lower limb？ 42骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs Up Summary43骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs小结 The bones of upper limbs include shoulder girdle上肢带骨and the bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨.The shoulder girdle consist of the clavicle锁骨 and the scapula肩胛骨. The bones