食品生物技术-绪论课件

1、Introduction of Food BiotechnologyWang YanpingIntroduction of Food BiotechnAIST in JapanAIST in Japan食品生物技术-绪论课件食品生物技术-绪论课件BREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGYWhat Is Biotechnology?outlook in biotechnology?Subjects Involved With Biotechnology?Stages of Biotechnology Development?Main Individuals Contribute

2、 to Biotechnology?BREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGYWhat Is Biotechnology?The use of gene science to create new products from plants and animalsUsing scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organismsWhat Is Biotechnology?The use What Is Biotechnology?Any technique that

3、uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses What Is Biotechnology?Any techWhat Is Biotechnology?GMO- genetically modified organisms.GEO- genetically enhanced organisms.With both, th

4、e natural genetic material of the organism has been altered.Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical plant and animal breedingWhat Is Biotechnology?GMO- genWhat Is Biotechnology?Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technolog

5、yGenetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and eitherTransferring them to another organismPutting them back into the original organism in different combinationsWhat Is Biotechnology?ManipulaWhat is the career outlook in biotechnology?Biotech in 20191,300 c

6、ompanies in the US2/3 have less than 135 employees140,000 jobsJobs will continue to increase exponentiallyJobs are available to high school graduates through PhDsWhat is the career outlook in What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are

7、coordinated for a desired outcomeScienceLife sciencesPhysical sciencesSocial sciencesWhat Subjects Are Involved WitWhat Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?MathematicsApplied sciencesComputer applicationsEngineeringAgricultureWhat Subjects Are Involved WitWhat Are the Stages of Biotechnology De

8、velopmentAncient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domesticationClassical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicineModern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineeringWhat A

9、re the Stages of BiotechWhat Are the Areas of Biotechnology?Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic materialMolecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goalsTransgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic materialWhat Are the

10、Areas of BiotechnWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Anton van LeeuwenhoekDiscovered cellsBacteriaProtistsRed bloodWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Gregor Johan MendelDiscovered geneticsWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did Thes

11、e Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Walter SuttonDiscovered ChromosomesWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Thomas Hunt MorganDiscovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomesWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contrib

12、ute to Biotechnology?Ernst RuskaInvented the electron microscopeWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Sir Alexander FlemingDiscovered penicillinWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Rosalind Elsie FranklinR

13、esearch led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNAWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?James Watson and Francis CrickDiscovered DNAWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Mary-Claire KingMappe

14、d human genes for research of cancer treatmentsWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?Ian WilmutCreated the first true clone, the Dorset ewe DollyNobel PrizeWhat Did These Individuals ConWhat Are the Benefits of Biotechnology?MedicineHumanVeterinaryBioph

15、armingEnvironmentAgricultureFood productsIndustry and manufacturingWhat Are the Benefits of BioteMedicalAdvances12.MedicalAdvances12.Biotechnology BreakthroughsInsulin (1982)First commercial biotech productReliable, inexpensive source of insulin.Biotechnology BreakthroughsInsAn EnhancedEnvironmentAn

16、 EnhancedEnvironmentEnvironmental BenefitsReduced pesticide useLower energy requirementsCleaner waterLess soil erosionEnvironmental BenefitsReduced Progress In AgricultureProgress In AgricultureProgress In AgricultureAchievements ofdedicated researchersFarmers adoptingimproved farmingpracticesProgre

17、ss In AgricultureAchieveProgress In AgriculturePotatoes with higher solid contentGarlic that lowers cholesterolFruits and vegetables that reducerisks of cancer and heart diseaseRiceEnriched with beta-carotene and ironBananasContaining edible hepatitis vaccineProgress In AgriculturePotatoeHybridizati

18、onFermentationPasteurizationWhat Has Research Given Us?HybridizationWhat Has ResearchTraditionalCross-BreedingTraditionalCross-BreedingBiotechnology:Tapping NaturesBountyBiotechnology:Tapping NatureThe American Society for Microbiology “plant varieties created with biotechnology are grown more effic

19、iently and economically than traditional crops. This eventually should result in a more nutritious product at less cost to the consumer as well as reduced pesticide use and greater environmental protection.”The American Society for MicroImprovedFood ProductsImprovedFood ProductsBenefits Through Biot

20、echnologyLonger shelf lifeBetter tasteEnhancednutritional valueBenefits Through BiotechnologyBiotechnology BreakthroughsHigher protein peanutsLonger shelf life for bananasand pineapplesSweeter bell peppersTastier tomatoesLower fat vegetable oilsBiotechnology BreakthroughsHigBiotechnology Breakthroug

21、hsNew food enzyme used during cheese making processChymosin (1990)First biotechnology food product approved in the United StatesBiotechnology BreakthroughsNewNorman Borlaug, Ph.D.Professor, Texas A&M UniversityNobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970 “I believe the world will be able to produce the food nee

22、ded to feed the projected population of about 8.3 billion in the year 2025but it cannot be attained without permitting the use of technologies now available or without research to further improve and utilize new technologies, including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.”24.Norman Borlaug, Ph.D.ProfessoMichael JacobsonExecutive DirectorCenter for Science in the Public Interest “While biotechnology is not a panacea(万能药） for every nutritional and agricult