托福考试听力第一课

1、TOEFL Listening Catherine1ListeningWhy is Toefl listening important? SpeakingWritingReading2得听力者得托福!3TESTFORMPRE-READNOTEQUESTION TYPESPBTPaperYesNo1/4 multiple choiceIBTInternetNoYesNew types1. PBT V.S. IBTIntroduction 42. Quantity/ TimeTypeQuantityQuestion numberTimeconversation2-3 5 /con.2-3mins/

2、con.lecture4-66 / lec.4-6mins /lec.total6-93460-90minsScale score: 3053.Score Number ofCorrectanswersScore Number of CorrectanswersScore Numbers ofcorrectanswersScore3430221510433292115933227201483312619137230251811622924179512823168402722158302621147202519136102417125002316114 64.Revolution of expe

3、rienceEnvironment timeProcedure7 5.View of software89106.Types of questions IBT Listening ComprehensionBasic comprehensionGist-ContentGist-PurposeDetailPragmatic UnderstandingFunction of what is saidSpeakers AttitudeConnecting InformationOrganizationConnecting ContentMaking Reference117、Question for

4、matsMultiple-choice (one correct answer)Multiple-choice( more than one answer)Make the order of events or steps in a process.Match objects or text to categories in a chart12Syllabus13对话考的场景租房子councilor 参加活动activities教授面谈时间office hour 学生间的交流 student interaction写作业presentation 心理咨询 depress考试分数低 low gr

5、ade写论文找材料paper毕业找工作hunt for a job14CONVERSATION文章思路15听对话：1、解决什么问题 2、建议3、听出语气、态度161718A Thousand Mile Journey Starts at theFirst Step!19Listen to Track OG, OG Track 1P143 201.Why does the man go to see his professor?A To borrow some charts and graphs from her.B To ask her to explain some statistical

6、procedures.C To talk about a report he is writing. D To discuss a grade he got on a paper.212. Listen again to part of the conversation. Track 2 Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this?A To question the length of the paper.B To offer encouragementC To dispute the data sources.D To

7、explain a theory.223. What information will the man include in his report?A Climate chartsB Interviews with meteorologistsC Journal notesD Statistical tests234. Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctors office?A To demonstrate a way of remembering things.B To explain w

8、hy she needs to leave soon.C To illustrate a point that appears in his report.D To emphasize the importance of good health.245. What does the professor offer to do for the man?A Help him collect more data in other areas of the state. B Submit his research finding for publication.C Give him the docto

9、rs telephone number.D Review the first version of his report. 25Answers3.B not included26S: Uh, excuse me, Professor Thompson. I know your office hours are tomorrow, but I was wondering if you had a few minutes free now to discuss something.P: Sure, John. What did you want to talk about?S: Well, I h

10、ave some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semesterabout climate variations.27P: Oh, yes. You were looking at variations in climate in the Grant City area, right? How far along have you gotten?S: Ive got all my data, so Im starting to summarize it now, preparing g

11、raphs and stuff. But Im just. . . Im looking at it and Im afraid that its not enough, but Im not sure what else to put in the report.28P: I hear the same thing from every student. You know, you have to remember now that youre the expert on what youve done.So, think about what youd need to include if

12、 you were going to explain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about the subject, like . . . like your parents. Thats usually my rule of thumb.would my parents understand this?S: OK. I get it.29P: I hope you can recognize by my saying that how much you do know about the

13、 subject.S: Right. I understand. I was wondering if I should also include the notes from the research journal you suggested I keep.P: Yes, definitely. You should use them to indicate what your evolution in thought was through time. So, just set up, you know, what was the purpose of what you were doi

14、ngto try to understand the climate variability of this areaand what you did, and what your approach was.30S: OK. So, for example, I studied meteorological records; I looked at climate charts; I used different methods for analyzing the data, like certain statistical tests; and then I discuss the resu

15、lts. Is that what you mean?P: Yes, thats right. You should include all of that. The statistical tests are especially important. And also be sure you include a good reference section where all your published and unpublished data came from, cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data.31S: Hmm . .

16、 . something just came into my mind and went out the other side.P: That happens to me a lot, so Ive come up with a pretty good memory management tool. I carry a little pad with me all the time and jot down questions or ideas that I dont want to forget. 32For example, I went to the doctor with my dau

17、ghter and her baby son last week and we knew we wouldnt remember everything we wanted to ask the doctor, so we actually made a list of five things we wanted answers to.33S: A notepad is a good idea. Since Im so busy now at the end of the semester, Im getting pretty forgetful these days. OK. I just r

18、emembered what I was trying to say before.P: Good. I was hoping youd come up with it.S: Yes. It ends up that I have data on more than just the immediate Grant City area, so I also included some regional data in the report.34 With everything else it should be a pretty good indicator of the climate in

19、 this part of the state.P: Sounds good. Id be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in the final copy, if you wish. S: Great. Ill plan to get you a draft of the paper by next Friday. Thanks very much. Well, see ya.P: OK.35 Expressionswrite up把写成文; 详细描写rule of thumb n. A useful principle

20、 having wide application but not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable in every situation.经验法则 jot down 草草记下； 匆匆记下36论文报告 thesis n. 论文；论点 dissertation ,distein n. 论文，专题；学术演讲 essay n. 散文；随笔 paper n. 纸；论文；文件；报纸37 dissertation 和paper1. 一般博士论文称为dissertation，Critical Thinking必须有Literature Review和Fu

21、ture Questions38I have trouble deciding on a topic. The topic is too broad to be goodnarrow down the topichit upon something/come up with something feasible/workable/on the right trackgive the green light39听对话1.主题2.原因3.解释或建议4.结果5. 态度 语气40讲座考点 课程名称总结1：历史， 地理， 语言， 生物，History, geography, language, biol

22、ogy物理， 化学， 政治， 数学Physics, chemistry, politics, mathematics (maths)法律， 哲学， 文学， 社会学Law, philosophy, literature, sociology 医学， 经济学， 会计， 金融Medicine, economy, accounting, finance41课程名称总结2：银行学， 工程， 土木工程banking, engineering, civil engineering, 新闻， 大众传媒， 体育， Journalism, mass-communication, physical science农

23、业， 天文， 语言学Agriculture, astronomy, linguistics教育学， 社会科学， 生物工程Education, social sciences, biochemistry42课程名称总结3：几何， 代数， 心理学，Geometry, algebra, psychology,电子工程, 人类学Electronic engineering, anthropology工商管理， 建筑学Business administration, architecture植物， 商学Botany， commercial science43艺术考点 艺术学派 school of art

24、 艺术家及其代表作masterpiece 风格 技巧 特征 technique style feature characteristic 创作对象portrait landscape still life 评论家评价 distinct unique 局限性, 影响 influence44LECTURE文章思路45 Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class. TPO 044647481.What is the main purpose of the lecture?A To point out similarities in Emerso

25、ns essays and poems.B To prepare the students to read an essay by Emerson.C To compare Emersons concept of universal truth to that of other authors.D To show the influence of early United States society on Emersons writing.492.On what basis did Emerson criticize the people of his time?A They refuse

26、to recognize universal truth.B They did not recognize the genius of certain authors.C Their convictions are not well-defined.D They were too interested in conformity.503.What does Emerson say about the past?A It should guide a persons present actions.B It must be examined closely.C It is less import

27、ant than the future.D It lacks both clarity and universal truth.514.What point does the professor make when he mentions a ships path?A It is easy for people to lose sight of their true path.B Most people are not capable of deciding which path is best for them.C The path a person takes can only be se

28、en clearly after the destination has been reached.D A person should establish a goal before deciding which path to take.525.What does the professor imply about himself when he recounts some experiences he had before becoming a literature professor? Click 2 answers. A He did not consider the conseque

29、nces of his decisions.B He did not plan to become a literature professor.C He has always tried to act consistently.D He has trusted in himself and his decisions.536.Why does the professor say this?A To suggest that United States citizens have not changed much over time.B To encourage the class to fi

30、nd more information about this time period.C To explain why Emersons essay has lost some relevance.D To provide background to the concept he is explaining.54 Answer 1. B 2. D 3. C4. C 5. BD 6. D55 Script All right, so let me close todays class with some thoughts to keep in mind while you are doing t

31、onights assignment. You will be reading one of Ralph Waldo Emersons best-known essays 1 _and comparing it with his poems and other works. 56 I think this essay has the potential to be quite meaningful for all of you as young people who probably wonder about things like truth and where your lives are

32、 going - all sorts of profound questions. Knowing something about Emersons philosophies will help you when you read Self-Reliance. And basically, one of the main beliefs that he had was about truth. 57 Not that its something that we can be taught, Emerson says its found within ourselves. So this tru

33、th, the idea that its in each one of us, is one of the first points that youll see Emerson making in this essay. Its a bit abstract but hes very intoah into each person believing his or her own thought, believing in yourself, the thought or conviction thats true for you. 58 But actually, he ties tha

34、t in with a sort of something that everyone knows but doesnt realize they know. Most of us arent in touch with ourselves in a way, so we just arent capable of recognizing profound truth. It takes geniuses, people like, say, Shakespeare, whore unique because when they have a glimpse at this truth, th

35、is universal truth, they pay attention to it and express it and dont just dismiss it like most people do.59 So Emerson is really into each individual believing in and trusting him or herself. Youll see that he writes about, well, first,3._. He criticizes that people of his time for abandoning their

36、own minds and their own wills for the sake of conformity and consistency. 60 They try to fit in with the rest of the world even though its at odds with their beliefs and their identities. Therefore, its best to be a non-conformist to do your own thing, not worrying about what other people think. Tha

37、ts an important point. He really drives this argument home throughout the essay. When you are reading, I want you to think about that and why that kind of thought would be relevant to the readers of his time. Remember this is 1838,61 Self-Reliance was a novel idea at the time and the United States c

38、itizens were less secure about themselves as individuals and as Americans. The country as a whole was trying to define itself. Emerson wanted to give people something to really think about, help them find their own way and what it meant to be who they were. So thats something that I think is4._, pro

39、bably, um, especially among young adults like yourselves, you know, uh, college being a time to sort of really think about who you are and where youre going.62 Now we already said that Emerson really emphasizes 5._, right, as a way to sort of not lose your own self and identity in the world, to have

40、 your own truth and not be afraid to listen to it. Well, he takes this a step further. Not conforming also means, uh, not conforming with yourself or your past. What does that mean? Well, if youve always been a certain way or done a certain thing, but its not working for you any more, or youre not c

41、ontent, Emerson says that itd be foolish to be consistent even with our own past.63 Focus on the future, he says, “Thats what matters more. is good.” He talks about a ships voyage and this is one of the most famous bits of the essay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seem

42、s a little all over the place, but from farther away, the true path shows and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way. So, dont worry if you are not sure where youre headed or what your long-term goals are. 64 Stay true to yourself and itll make sense in the end. I mean, I can 7._. Befor

43、e I was a literature professor, I was an accountant. Before that, I was a newspaper reporter. My life is taking some pretty interesting turns and here I am, very happy with my experiences and where theyve brought me. If you rely on yourself and trust your own talents, your own interest, dont worry,

44、your path will make sense in the end.651.Self Reliance 2. universal truth 3. conformity4.definitely as relevant today as it was then7. attest to that66Expressionsfit in相处融洽, 合得来at odds adv. 1.争执,不一致 副词 adv.1.争执,不一致zigzag zizadj.(指线条、小径等)锯齿形的, 之字形的, Z字形的attest test vt.证明；证实；声称属实, 作为的见证；使宣誓attest to 证

45、实,证明了6768What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.Why drag about this corpse of your memory, lest you contradict somewhat you have stated in this or that public place?Bring the past into the thousand-eyed present and live ever in a new day.To be great is to be misunderstood.

46、69Listen a VOA special English about Emersion and fill in the blanks.70 Im Shirley Griffith. And Im Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program, PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Today we tell about the life of Nineteenth Century philosopher and writer Ralph Waldo Emerson.71 The United States had won its inde

47、pendence from Britain just twenty-two years before Ralph Waldo Emerson was born. But it had yet to win its cultural independence. It still took its traditions from other countries, mostly from western Europe. What the American Revolution did for the nations politics, Emerson did for its culture.72 W

48、hen he began writing and speaking in the Eighteen-Thirties, conservatives saw him as radical - wild and dangerous. But to the young, he spoke words of self-dependence - a new language of freedom. He was the first to bring them a truly American spirit. He told America to demand its own laws and churc

49、hes and works. It is through his own works that we shall look at Ralph Waldo Emerson.73 Emerson was born in the northeastern city of Boston, Massachusetts, in Eighteen-Oh-Three. Boston was then the capital of learning in the United States. Emersons father, like many of the men in his family, was a m

50、inister of a Christian church. 74 When Emerson was eleven years old, his father died. Missus Emerson was left with very little money to raise her five sons. After several more years in Boston, the family moved to the nearby town of Concord. There they joined Emersons aunt, Mary Moody Emerson.75 Ralp

51、h Waldo Emersons life was not as exciting as the lives of some other American writers - Herman Melville, Mark Twain or Ernest Hemingway. Emerson traveled to Europe several times. And he made speeches at a number of places in the United States. But, except for those trips, he lived all his life in th

52、e small town of Concord, Massachusetts. He once said that the shortest books are those about the lives of people with great minds. Emerson was not speaking about himself. Yet his own life proves the thought.76 Emerson seemed to accept the life his mother and aunt wanted for him. As a boy, he attende

53、d Boston Latin School. Then he studied at Harvard University. For a few years, he taught in a girls school started by one of his brothers. But he did not enjoy this kind of teaching. For a time, he wondered what he should do with his life. 77 Finally, like his father, he became a religious minister.

54、 But he had questions about his beliefs and the purpose of his life. In Eighteen-Thirty-One, Ralph Waldo Emerson resigned as the minister of his church because of a minor religious issue. What really troubled him was something else. It was his growing belief that a person could find God without the

55、help of an organized church. He believed that God is not found in systems and words, but in the minds of people. 78He said that God in us worships God. Emerson traveled to Europe the following year. He talked about his ideas with the best-known European writers and thinkers of his time. When he retu

56、rned to the United States, he married and settled in Concord. Then he began his life as a writer and speaker.79 Ralph Waldo Emerson published his first book, Nature, in Eighteen-Thirty-Six. It made conservatives see him as a revolutionary. But students at Harvard University liked the book and invite

57、d him to speak to them. His speech, The American Scholar, created great excitement among the students. They heard his words as a new declaration of independence - a declaration of the independence of the mind. 80 Give me an understanding of todays world, he told them, and you may have the worlds of

58、the past and the future. Show me where God is hidden.as always.in nature. What is near explains what is far. A drop of water is a small ocean. Each of us is a part of all of nature.81 Emerson said a sign of the times was the new importance given to each person. The world, he said, is nothing. The pe

59、rson is all. In yourself is the law of all nature. Emerson urged students to learn directly from life. He told them, Life is our dictionary.“ The following year, Emerson was invited to speak to students and teachers at the Harvard religious school. 82 In his speech, he called for moral and spiritual

60、 rebirth. But his words shocked members of Harvards traditional Christian church. He said churches treated religion as if God were dead.83 Let mankind stand forevermore, he said, as a temple returned to greatness by new love, new faith, new sight. Church members who heard him speak called him a man