高考英语复习：阅读专项突破讲义

1、高考英语复习 阅读专项突破读懂句子之“组件分析法”（括号法）读句子=断句子如何给英文断句？按照英语句子本来的结构断句！I saw Jay Chou (in the street).LiHui is the teacher (who teaches English).I saw him (doing morning exercises).I saw him (doing morning exercises) (in the street) (where there are a lot of cars) (running fast) (toward their destinations).英语句子

2、 = 主干 + 修饰修饰：介词短语；从句；非谓语动词短语【主干结构：汉英基本相同】I come.我来。I love you.我爱你。I give you my heart.我给你我的心。You make me happy.你让我幸福。You are my everything.你是我的一切。所以，以后不用太关注主干，英语的主干结构我们中国人天生就会！因此，真正值得我们研究清楚的是英语中的 三大修饰成分！(三种括号)介词短语：从介词开始到名词结束。at home; in the room; beyond my head从句：从引导词开始，中间含有一个谓语动词。LiHui is a teacher

3、 who teaches English.If you love me, please tell me.非谓语动词短语：(1)动词不定式：I want (to go) (to school).(2)现在分词：(Feeling tired), I went (to bed).(3)过去分词：I went (to bed), my heart (broken).英语句子 = 主干 + 修饰修饰：介词短语；从句；非谓语动词短语括号法使用注意事项：一旦出现下一个括号，就把上一个括号结束掉，不管上一括号本身结束了没有。EThe kids (in this village) wear dirty, rag

4、ged clothes. They sleep (beside cows and sheep) (in huts) (made of sticks and mud). They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key (to their success): 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) (dropped off) (in their Ethiopian village) (in February) (by a US group

5、) (called One Laptop Per Child). The goal is (to find out) (whether kids) (using todays new technology) can teach themselves (to read) (in places) (where no schools or teachers exist). The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers (analyzing the project data) say (theyre already amazed). “(W

6、hat I think has already happened) is (that the kids have already learned more) (than they would have) (in one year of kindergarten)，” said Matt Keller, (who runs the Ethiopia program). The fastest learnerand the first (to turn on one of the tablets)is 8yearold Kelbesa Negusse. The devices camera was

7、 disabled (to save memory), yet (within weeks) Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker (of accomplishment) (in Ethiopia). (With his tablet), Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE (into one) (of the many English animal names) (he knows). Then h

8、e spelled words (on his own). “(Seven months ago) he didnt know any English. Thats unbelievable,” said Keller. The project aims (to get kids) (to a stage) (called “deep reading”)， (where they can read) (to learn). It wont be (in Amharic), Ethiopias first language, but (in English), (which is widely

9、seen) (as the ticket) (to higher paying jobs). 62How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village? AIt trains teachers for them. BIt contributes to their selfstudy. CIt helps raise their living standards. DIt provides funds for building schools. 63What can we infer (from Kellers words)

10、(in Paragraph 3)? AThey need more time to analyze data. BMore children are needed (for the research). CHe is confident (about the future of the project). DThe research should be carried out (in kindergartens).偷换概念 64It amazed Keller that （with the tablet） Kelbesa could _. Alearn English words quickl

11、y Bdraw pictures of animals偷换概念Cwrite letters to researchers 偷换概念 Dmake phone calls to his friends 无中生有65What is the aim of the project? ATo offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. BTo make Amharic widely used in the world. C(To help Ethiopian kids read) (to learn) (in English). DTo assist Ethiopians i

12、n learning their first language. 括号法：给“三长”加括号，讲一个句子断句。挂钩法：每个括号里的第一个单词都能称为“挂钩单词”，可以利用每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来。AWealth starts (with a goal and saving a dollar at a time). Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)There are lessons (in that timehonoured coinsavings container).Any huge task seems easier (when re

13、duced) (to baby steps). (If you wished) (to climb a 12，000foot mountain)，and could do it a day (at a time)，you would only have to climb 33 feet daily (to reach the top) (in a year). (If you want) (to take a really nice trip) (in 10 years) (for a special occasion)，(to collect the $15，000 cost)，you ha

14、ve (to save $3.93 a day). （If you drop that） (into a piggy bank) and then once a year (put $1，434) (in a savings account) (at 1% interest rate) (aftertax)，you will have your trip money.(When I was a child)，my parents gave me a piggy bank (to teach me) that，(if I wanted something)，I should save money

15、 (to buy it). We associate piggy banks (with children)，but (in many countries)，the little containers are also popular (with adults). Europeans see a piggy bank (as a sign) (of good fortune and wealth). (Around the world)，many believe a gift (of a piggy bank) (on New Years Day) brings good luck and f

16、inancial success. Ah，yes，but you have (to put something) (in it). 同步视译：边看边画边翻Why is a pig used (as a symbol) (of saving)？Why not an elephant bank，(which is bigger and holds more coins)？(In the Middle Ages)，(before modern banking and credit instruments)，people saved money (at home)，a few coins (at a

17、time) dropped (into a jar or dish). Potters (制陶工) made these inexpensive containers (from an orangecoloured clay)(黏土) (called “pygg”)， and folks saved coins (in pygg jars). The Middle English word (for pig) was “pigge”(While the Saxons pronounced pygg)，(referring to the clay)，(as “pug”)，eventually t

18、he two words changed (into the same pronunciation)，(sounding the “i”) (as in pig or piggy). (As the word became less associated)(with the orange clay) and more (with the animal)，a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar (in the shape) (of a pig)，(delighting children and adults). The piggy bank was born.O

19、riginally you had (to break the bank) (to get) (to the money)，(bringing in a sense of seriousness) (into savings). (While piggy banks teach children the wisdom) (of saving)，adults often need (to relearn childhood lessons). Think (about the things) (in life) (that require large amounts) (of money)col

20、lege education，weddings，cars，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff (like great trips). So (when you have money)，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely.41What is the piggy bank strategy?APaying 1% income tax at a time.BSetting a goal before making a travel pla

21、n.CAiming high even when doing small things.DPutting aside a little money regularly for future use.42Why did the writers parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?ATo delight him with the latest fashion.BTo encourage him to climb mountains.CTo help him form the habit of saving.DTo teach him English pr

22、onunciation.43What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to?AMoney. BGifts.CFinancial success. DGood luck.44The piggy bank originally was _.Aa potters instrumentBa cheap clay containerCan animalshaped dishDa piglike toy for children45The last paragraph talks about _.A

23、the seriousness of educating childrenBthe enjoyment of taking a great tripCthe importance of managing moneyDthe difficulty of starting a business例题：For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and e

24、ven bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the ele

25、vators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards life in

26、close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experienceone that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant a

27、wareness of the fact that were hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in a

28、n elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every o

29、ther situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.Today, as the worlds urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, Americas total number of elevators900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazines “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry

30、”are a force thats becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. 67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The general view of elevators.B. The partic

31、ular interests of experts.C. The desire for a remarkable machine.D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.68. The authors purpose in mentioning cars is _A. to contrast their functions with elevatorsB. to emphasize the importance of elevatorsC. to reveal their secret war against elevatorsD. to explai

32、n peoples preference for elevators69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?A. Vertical direction.B. Lack of excitement.C. Little physical space.D. Uncomfortable conditions.70. The author urges readers to consider _A. the exact number of ele

33、vator loversB. the serious future situation of elevatorsC. the role of elevators in city developmentD. the relationship between cars and elevators读懂段落之段落的十个秘密“一分钟”看懂文章做对题秘密1：段落一定有主题秘密2：主题不必写出来，但是需要被解释秘密3：为了解释主题，段落一定有“结构”【英文段落结构】T：Topic 主题句 E：Explanation 解释句E：Example 举例子C：Conclusion 总结句秘密4：读文章=读主题读主题

34、=读结构读结构=读出TEEC。秘密5：“被解释”的句子是主题句。秘密6：“代词开头”的句子是解释句。【综述】秘密1：段落一定有主题秘密2：主题不必写出来，但是需要被解释秘密3：段落一定有结构。秘密4：读文章=读主题，读主题=读结构秘密5：被“解释”的句子是主题句。秘密6：代词开头的句子是“解释句”。秘只要看懂主题句，密7：就能知道整个段落在“谈论什么”也就是正确选项必须“关于什么”例题： About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio (影棚) to take part i

35、n a crowd-scene. Although our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things. We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-ca

36、mera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began

37、 blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in snow. Two more fans were turned on, and a strong wind blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictu

38、res taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio

39、! Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film stars!60. Who is the author? A. A cameraman. B. A film director. C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene settin

40、g. 61. What made the author feel cold? A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown. 62. What would happen in the three minutes mentioned in the last paragraph? A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film. C. The author would l

41、eave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared.秘密8：主题句看不懂时解释句会帮你看懂主题（一句一句往下读，总有一句很简单）For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调).

42、Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Li

43、fe can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable

44、 or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people lik

45、e Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.65. Which of the following is true of amusics? A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them. B. They love places where they are likely to hear music. C. They can easily tell two different songs apart. D. Their

46、 situation is well understood by musicians.秘密9：例子本身不重要只是用来解释主题（例子本身往往很难，往往可以不看，而要特别关注例子前后的议论性句子）秘密10：总结句处显明建议、态度（作者真正的态度要看文章结尾处）1、快速抓住主题：这段话“写了个啥”？2、快速理清结构：读出每句话是主题句？ 解释句？ 举例子？ 总结句？3、学会用“主题法”做题只有符合主题的选项，才有可能是正确选项！“括号法+主题法”综合练习&阅读理解内功提升三步法读句子 = 断句子 “括号法”读段落 = 抓主题 “主题法”【括号法】主干部分直接翻遇见“三长”画括号提着问题往下顺调字调序

47、写中文 （边看、边画、边翻）【主题法】段首段尾定主题利用主题选答案（只有符合主题的选项才有可能是正确选项）【基础阶段阅读心法总纲】微观画括号宏观抓主题“读懂”句与段轻松做对题【阅读理解内功提升三步法】希望同学们在练习中做到每个生词都查出来【词】每个句子都画括号【句】每个段落都抓主题【段】EThe kids （in this village） wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep (beside cows and sheep) (in huts) (made of sticks and mud). They have no school. Yet they

48、 all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key (to their success): 20 tablet computers (平板电脑) (dropped off) (in their Ethiopian village) (in February) (by a US group) (called One Laptop Per Child). The goal is (to find out) (whether kids) (using todays new technology) can teac

49、h themselves (to read) (in places) (where no schools or teachers exist). The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say theyre already amazed. “(What I think has already happened) is (that the kids have already learned more) (than they would have) （in one year of kindergarten），” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learnerand the first (to turn on one) （of the tablets