计算机英语Unit-课件3

SpeakingPracticeWorkinpairsandtaketurnstobeTomandtheJerrytopracticethedialogue.Terrible！MyDataIsMissing

Tom:What’swrongwithyou?Youlookedanxious.Jerry:Ihavesomeimportantdatastoredinthecomputer,butnowallhasmissed.Canyouhelpmetorecoverthedata?Tom:ThoughI’mnotprofessional,butIcangiveyousomeadvice.Jerry:Thankyouinadvance.Tom:Haveyoudeletedthedata?Jerry:No.Tom:Haveyousavedit?

SpeakingPracticeWorkinpa

Terrible！MyDataIsMissingTom:Haveyousavedthedata?Jerry:Yes,ofcourse.Tom:Ifso,maybeyourcomputerinfectedvirus.Jerry:Virus？ThenwhatshouldIdo?Tom：Youshouldinstallantivirussoftware

onthecomputer，andantivirusregularlylater,thenyourcomputerwillbesafer.Jerry:Oh,Iknow.Thankyou.Tom:Youarewelcome.

Terrible！MyDataIsMissing

NewWordsandExpressionsgraphical[ˈɡræfikəl]adj.绘成图画似的，画形的interface[ˈintəfeis]n.（人机）界面（尤指屏幕布局和菜单）humanize[ˈhju:mənaiz]v.赋予人性，使通人情，教化compatibility[kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ]n.通用性，兼容性expansion[iksˈpænʃən]n.扩大，扩张，扩展，膨胀substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t]n.替代物，代用品process[ˈprəuses]n.过程，进程initial[iˈniʃəl]adj.最初的，开始的target[ˈtɑ:ɡit]n.(欲达到的)目标multitaskingn.多(重)任务处理version[ˈvə:ʃən]n.(软件)版本overlap[ˌəuvəˈlæp]v.（物体）部份重叠，交叠milestone[ˈmaɪlˌstəʊn]n.重要阶段，里程碑monopoly[məˈnɔpəli]n.垄断，专卖commercial[kəˈmə:ʃəl]adj.商业的，商务的bound[baund]v.形成(或构成)…的边界(或疆界、界线)；成为…的界线procedure[prə'si:dӡə]n.程序simultaneously[saɪməlˈteɪnɪəslɪ]adv.同时地parallel['pærəlel]adj.平行的，并行的release[ri'li:s]vt.发行previous['pri:vjəs]adj.先前的，以前的application[͵æpli'keiən]n.运用，应用intimate['intimeit]adj.亲密的

NewWordsandExpressionsgraIntensiveReadingReadthefollowingpassage,tryingtoanswerthequestionsinthebox.1.CanyouintroducethedevelopingprocessofWindows?2.WhichversionofWindowsisamilestone?3.WhatistheadvantageofWindows?IntensiveReadingReadthefollMicrosoftWindowsWindowsisanoperatingsystemthatdevelopedbyMicrosoft.Itadoptedgraphicaluserinterface,whichismorehumanizedthantheotheroperatingsystemsuchasDOS.Windowsisanoperatingsystemthatismostwidelyusedintheworldandhasstrongestcompatibility,withabout90%ofthemarketshare.ItistheexpansionandsubstituteofMicrosoft'sdiskoperatingsystem(MS-DOS).Itallowsusersthroughtheinstructionsandclickontheequipment,suchasmouse,insteadofkeyboardtoinputorders.ThedevelopmentofMicrosoftWindowsexperiencedalongprocess,fromtheoriginalWindows1.0tothenewestWindows7.CHMicrosoftWindowsWindowsisan

MicrosoftWindowsFrom1983，MicrosoftcompanybegantodevelopWindowssystem,theinitialtargetistoprovideamultitaskinggraphicaluserinterfaceonthebasisofMS—DOS.ThefirstversionofWindows1.0waspublishedin1985;itisgraphicaluserinterfacesystemsoftware.Inthisversion,thewindowisaflat,namelynexttoeachother,notdisplaysoverlapped.Until1990,Windows3.0isanimportantmilestone,whichdeterminedthemonopolyinthePCareasbyitscommercialsuccess.ThebasicformofthepopularinterfacewindownowadayswasalsodeterminedfromtheWindows3.0.PartofthereasonisthatitisboundinthenewPCinadvance.CH

MicrosoftWindowsFrom1983，M

MicrosoftWindowsIn1993,MicrosoftrolledoutWindowsNT(newtechnology).WindowsNTprovides32-bitmultitasking,whichmakesthecomputeroperateseveralproceduressimultaneouslyorparallelatahighspeed.

In1995,MicrosoftreleasedanewversioncalledWindows95forpersonalcomputer.Comparedwithpreviousversions,themodelingofWindows95ismoregraceful,andsimpler.However,comparedwiththeoperatingsystemfacingthecommand,graphicssystemneedsmorehardware,suchasthefasterCPU,morememoryandmonitorwithhigherquality.CH

MicrosoftWindowsIn1993,

MicrosoftWindowsCurrently,themostwidelyusedversionoftheWindowsisWindowsXP,releasedonOctober25,2001.ThelatestversionisWindows7forpersonalcomputersandWindowsServer2008R2forservers.Operatingsystemdevelopsrapidly.WindowsweremeanttoWindows.BeforethedevelopmentoftheWindows,wecanonlyseeboringdigital,afterthedevelopmentofWindowssystem,itmakesusmoredirectlytothecomputerapplication,moreintimate,andeasiertouse.

CH

MicrosoftWindowsCurrentlyExercisesI.MarkthefollowingsentenceswithT(true)orF(false)accordingtothe

passage.

1.WindowsismorehumanizedthanDOS.2.Windowsallowsuserstousekeyboardtoinputorders.3.ThedevelopmentofMicrosoftWindowsisveryeasy.4.Windows3.0isanimportantmilestonebecauseitisusedverywidely.5.Currently,themostwidelyusedversionoftheWindowsisWindow7becauseitisthelatestversion.6.AlltheversionsofWindowsareusedforpersonalcomputers.1.T2.F3.F4.F5.F6.FExercisesI.MarkthefollowingExercisesII.Matchtheusingtimeofthefollowingoperatingsystemswiththepictures

below.

19711981200120072009

1.___________2.____________3._____________

4____________5____________1.20092.19713.19814.20075.2001ExercisesII.MatchtheusingtExercisesIII.TranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoEnglish.

1.兼容性最强2.点击设备3.PC领域的垄断

4.代替键盘5.与…相比 6.预先，事先7.内存 8.视窗系统1.strongestcompatibility2.clickontheequipment3.themonopolyinthePCparedwith6．inadvance7.memory8.WindowssystemExercisesIII.TranslatethefoExercisesIV.TranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoChinese.

1.estone5.32-bitmultitasking6.CPU7.worksecurity1.图形用户界面2.操作系统3.以…为基础4.里程碑5.32位的多任务处理6.中央处理器7.监视器8.网络安全ExercisesIV.TranslatethefolExercisesV．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Windowsisanoperatingsystemthatismostwidelyusedintheworldandhasstrongestcompatibility,withabout90%ofthemarketshare.2.ThedevelopmentofMicrosoftWindowsexperiencedalongprocess,fromtheoriginalWindows1.0tothenewestWindows7.3.TheinitialtargetistoprovideamultitaskinggraphicaluserinterfaceonthebasisofMS—Dos.4.ItistheexpansionandsubstituteofMicrosoft'sdiskoperatingsystem.5.Comparedwithpreviousversions,themodelingofWindows95ismoregraceful,andsimpler.1.Windows是世界上使用最广泛、并且兼容性最强的操作系统,其中大约占90%的市场份额。2.Windows的发展经历了一个漫长的过程，从最初的Windows1.0到最新的Windows7。3.最初的研制目标是在MS-DOS的基础上提供一个多任务的图形用户界面。4.它是微软的磁盘操作系统的扩充和替代品。5.Windows95与以前的版本相比，用户图形界面造型更加优美，也更加简单。ExercisesV．TranslatethefolloExercisesVI．Fillineachblankwiththecorrectwordgivenbelow.Changetheformofthewordifnecessary.

generalsimilareasyroleonintowhichbetweenbya

The(1)_________ofaprogramistodeliveruser'sintentiontoacomputeranddirectittowork.Thatistosay，aprogramisadialoguetoolforinteracting(2)_________amanandacomputer，aswellasabridgetotransmitinformation.Ingeneral，thecharacters，phasesandtheirsyntaxrulesforprogrammingare(3)_________called“programminglanguage”.Programminglanguagesaredivided(4)_________threetypes：machinelanguage，whichisalsocalledaninstructionsystem，istheonlyoneuseddirectly(5)_________computers.Theassemblerlanguageis(6)_________kindofsymboliclanguage.Itadoptedsomemnemonicsymbols(7)_________canshowtheinstructionalfunctionstopresentthecontentoftheprogram.Thehigh-levellanguageisaprogramminglanguagebased(8)_________English.Itsoperatorsandexpressionsare(9)_________toordinarymathematicalformulas.Generaluserscan(10)_________masterahigh-levellanguageandmakeprogramsinit.

1.o5.by6.a7.which8.on9.similar10.easyExercisesVI．FillineachblankAdditionalReadingNewWordsandExpressionsextensive广阔的，范围广泛的function功能，作用launch开办，创办catalogue目录，一览表floppy软磁盘，软盘capacity容量，容积penetration穿透，穿透能力landmark里程碑core核心，精髓，要点character字符batch一批，一组，一群console控制台，操纵台implementation执行，履行，完成consistent一致的，符合的maintenance维持，维护AdditionalReadingNewWordsanAdditionalReading

DiskOperatingSystem

DOS（DiskOperatingSystem）isusedveryextensive.CommonDOShastwokinds:IBMPC-DOSandMicrosoft'sMS-DOS,whichwecommonlyused.In1981,DOSintroduceditsversion1.0,thefunctionisverybasicandweak;in1983,itlaunched2.0,whichaddedcatalogueoperationfunctionmainly,andthemanagementoffilessteppedintoanewlevel;in1984,theversionof3.0mainlysupportthefloppyandlargecapacityharddiskof1.2MB5.25-inch;theDOS3.3ofhighestpenetrationrateatpresentwaslaunchedin1987,whichmainlysupportthefloppydiskandnetworkof3.5-inch.Sofar,DOShasdevelopedverymature,DOS3.3isaveryimportantlandmarkversion.DOSisdividedintotwoparts：Corestartingprogramsandcommandprogram.CorestartingprogramsofDOShavetheleadingprogramofBoot,IO.MS-DOSSYSandCOMMAND.COM.TheyarethemostbasicpartsofaDOSsystem,whichmusthavethemtostart.

CHAdditionalReadingDiskAdditionalReadingTheadvantageofDOSisfast.SkilleduserscancompletesometroublesometaskbycreatingaBATorCMDbatchfiles.Throughsomejudgeorders,wecanevenmakeupasmallprogram.ThebiggestdifferencebetweenDOSandtheoperatingsystemweusenowliesin:itisthecommandlineform,byinputtingcommandsfortheman-machinedialogue,andtransmitcommandstothecomputerthroughtheformofinstructions,toletthecomputerimplementationoperation.Sooperatingmodeisalsoverysimple,itjustneedtotypethecommand,thenpressenter,thesystemwillperformcommands.Windows2000andWindowsXPcanallentertheconsolethroughtheuseofstartingCD.Theconsoleisalsocommandlineform,inwhichthesystemmaintenancecommandislargelyconsistentwithDOScommand.IfwecanuseDOS,basicallywecanuseitandcontrolit.Inmanycases,theproblemscanbesolvedbycommandwhichgraphicalinterfacecan’t.

CHAdditionalReadingTheadvantagComprehensiveExercisesAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothereadingmaterialabove.1.HowmanykindsdocommonDOShave?Whatarethey?2.CanyouintroducethedevelopmentofDOSbriefly?3.WhatarethemostbasicpartsofaDOSsystem?4.WhatistheadvantageofDOS?5.WhatisthedifferencebetweenDOSandtheoperatingsystemweusenow?

1.CommonDOShastwokinds:IBMPC-DOSandMicrosoft'sMS-DOS.2.In1981,DOSintroducedversion1.0,2.0in1983,3.0in1984andDos3.3in1987.3.Corestartingprogramsandcommandprogram.4.TheadvantageofDOSisfast.5.DOSisthecommandlineform.ComprehensiveExercisesAnswerScreenEnglishFileallocationtablebad,drivex驱动器x的文件分配表坏Filearedifferentsizes文件的长度是不相同的FileCannotbeConverted文件不能转换Filecannotbecopiedontoitself文件不能自身复制FilecompareOK文件比较结果相同Filecreationerror文件创建错误Filenamemustbespecified文件名必须指定Filenotfound文件未找到FileREAD-ONLY文件是只读文件Fileswerebackedupxx/xx/xxxx文件在xx/xx/xxxx（日期）作了备份Formatfailure格式化失败Insertdiskwithbatchfile插入带批文件的盘片InsertFirst/Second/Source/Targetdisketteindrivex将第一张(第二张、源、目标)盘片插入x驱动器InsertnewdiskettefordrivexandPressENTERwhenready…将新盘片插入x驱动器,准备好后按回车键Insufficientdisk/stackspace没有足够的磁盘(堆栈)空间Insufficientmemoryforsystemtransfer没有足够的内存供系统传送Internalstackoverflowsystemhalted内部堆栈溢出，系统停止工作InvalidcharactersinVolumelabel卷标中有无效字符Invalidcurrentdirectory当前目录无效Invalidenvironmentsizespecified对环境的大小指定无效ScreenEnglishFileallocation

NotestotheText1.

WindowsisanoperatingsystemthatdevelopedbyMicrosoft.thatdevelopedbyMicrosoft为主语从句，修饰先行词Windows2.Windowsisanoperatingsystemthatismostwidelyusedintheworldandhasstrongestcompatibility,withabout90%ofthemarketshare.withabout90%ofthemarketshare与strongestcompatibility是同位语

NotestotheText1.Windows

NotestotheText3.TheinitialtargetistoprovideamultitaskinggraphicaluserinterfaceonthebasisofMS—Dos.onthebasisof…

以…为基础Ratesofworkarecalculatedonaweeklybasis.工资是以周为计算基准的。4．PartofthereasonisthatitisboundinthenewPCinadvance.Inadvance（ofsth）预先，事先，事前Therentmustbepaidinadvance.租金需预付。It’simpossibletoknowinadvancewhatwillhappen.预知未来发生的事是不可能的。

NotestotheText3.Theini

NotestotheText5.Comparedwithpreviousversions,themodelingofWindows95ismoregraceful,paredwith与…相比Ourgreenhouseisnothingcomparedwithyours.我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。Comparedwithhim,Iamabungler.与他相比,我只能算是一个笨拙的人。

NotestotheText5.CompareNotestotheText6.

…graphicssystemneedsmorehardware,suchasthefasterCPU,morememoryandmonitorwithhigherquality.…图形系统一般具有需要更多硬件的缺点，如速度更快的中央处理器、更多

的内存和更高质量的监视器。more,faster,和higher分别为形容词much,fast和high的比较级形式。NotestotheText6.…graphics

Notes

recoverthedata恢复数据inadvance提前deletethedata删除数据

Notes

recoverthedata恢复数据Notessavethedata保存数据antivirussoftware杀毒软件Notessavethedata保存数据微软视窗Windows是一款由美国微软公司开发的操作系统。它采用了图形用户界面，比起从前的操作系统如DOS更为人性化。Windows是世界上使用最广泛、并且兼容性最强的操作系统,其中大约占90%的市场份额。它是微软的磁盘操作系统（MS-DOS）的扩充和替代品。它允许用户通过指示和点击设备，譬如鼠标，来代替键盘输入命令。Windows的发展经历了一个漫长的过程，从最初的Windows1.0到最新的Windows7。微软视窗微软视窗Microsoft