2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号39

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Myeldestdaughter,anInternetconsultant,isonly30,butshehasalreadylivedinfivedifferenthousesinfivedifferentplacesandhashadaboutsixdifferentjobs.EverytimeIvisither,Inoticehowmanynewthingsthereareinherhouse,andhowmanythingslieunused,outofdate.Whatisevenmorestrikingishowmanythingstherearewhicharenotexpectedtolast—disposablethings.Disposableplatesandglasses,disposabletowelsandbabies,nappies(尿布).Itsometimesseemsthatweliveinanageofthedisposable.

（1）Thisphenomenonofconstantchangerunsthrougheverythinginlifenowadays,fromfashiontomusic,frommedicinetomotorcars,fromeducationtoemployment.Twoimportantfactorsseemtobedrivingthesechanges.Thefirstistherapidgrowthinknowledgeandtheconsequentrapiddevelopmentoftechnology.Thesecondistherevolutionincommunications,whichmeansthatknowledgeisspreadfasterandmorewidelythanever.Ourtimesareoftencalled“theinformationage”andtheeffectistobringabout“theknowledgeeconomy”.Newtechnologiesandnewknowledgebringabouttheneedfornewskills.（2）

Thespeedwithwhichthesetechnologiesarebeingcreatedissuchthatallofusarefacedwiththechallengeoflearningnewskills,notjustonce,butseveraltimes.Whatweknewyesterdayisoftenobsoletetoday.

Iremembermydaughtersayingtothatshewasat“thecuttingedge”ofherparticularfield.Butwithinfiveyears,shesaid,shewouldhavetodosomethingnewanddifferenttokeepup.Thereisagreatneedforflexibilityandproblem-solvingthanbefore.Tasksrequireagreaterintegrationofskills.

（3）Therewardsoflifegotothemulti-skilled,toflexibleteamsofworkerseachcapableofcontributinginarangeofways.

（4）Tosucceedinthisnewworldofwork,individualswillhavetoregardtheircareersnotjustasaprocessofgatheringexperience,butasaprocessoflearningnewthingsonanalmostcontinuousbasis.Allthissuggeststomethattherelationshipbetweeneducationandemploymenthaschangedradicallyoverthelastfewyears.

（5）OnecouldsummarizethechangebysayingthatwhenIlearnedthingsinordertoachievelife-longemploymentwhilemychildrenneedtopursuelife-longlearninginordertostayemployed.

【答案】1.这种不断变化的现象如今贯穿着生活中的一切，从时装到音乐，从医药到“摩托车”，从教育到就业。

2.创造技术的速度是这样的，我们大家都面临着不只是一次，而是多次地学习新技能的挑战。

3.生活的奖赏趋向多种技能，以及每个职工在一个灵活的团队能够在多方面做出贡献。

4.为了在这种新的工作世界中成功，个人将不得不考虑自己的事业不仅是一种收集经验的过程，也是一个连续不断地学习新事物的过程。

5.人们可以总结说，我学东西是为了获得终生的就业机会，而我的孩子则需要终生学习，以维持就业。

2.单选题

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

问题1选项

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component组件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外，其他各个方面都像肉？选项A符合语境。

3.单选题

Nomatterwhathighpositionsonemayhold,heorsheshouldguardagainst（

）.

问题1选项

A.arrogance

B.artifact

C.archives

D.ascertains

【答案】A

【解析】arrogance傲慢，自大；artifact人工制品，手工艺品；archives档案；ascertain查明，探究。句意：不管一个人在多高的位置，他或她都不应该傲慢自大。选项A符合句意。

4.翻译题

大学之所以有理由存在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保持了知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。

【答案】Thejustificationforauniversityisthatitpreservestheconnectionbetweenknowledgeandthezestoflife,byunitingtheyoungandtheoldintheimaginativeconsiderationoflearning.Theuniversityimpartsinformation,butitimpartsitimaginatively.Atleast,thisisthefunctionwhichitshouldperformforsociety.Auniversitywhichfailsinthisrespecthasnoreasonforexistence.Thisatmosphereofexcitement,arisingfromimaginativeconsideration,transformsknowledge.Afactisnolongerabarefact:itisinvestedwithallitspossibilities.Itisnolongeraburdenonthememory:itisenergizingasthepoetofourdreams,andasthearchitectofourpurposes.

5.单选题

MargaretMead'sreputationwasestablishedwiththepublicationofherbookin1928andwasenhancedbyhermanysubsequentcontributionstoanthropology.

问题1选项

A.obscured

B.entranced

C.heightened

D.restored

【答案】C

【解析】句意：enhanced意为“提高，增强”。obscured掩盖，遮蔽；entranced着迷的，狂喜的；heightened提高，升高；restored修复，恢复。选项C与之意思相近。

6.单选题

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

问题1选项

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。brokendown打破，折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。

7.单选题

然而,研究人员在报告中提醒说,相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说,这些益处简直微不足道。

问题1选项

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments.

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments.

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments.

【答案】A

【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意賅，最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。

8.单选题

Idon'tthinkitisimpartialfortheprofessortoflunkmyChemistrytest.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.compatible

C.exonerative

D.effusive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我不认为教授让我的化学考试不及格是公正的。impartial意为公平的，不偏不倚的。unbiased公正的，无偏见的；compatible兼容的，可并立的；exonerative免罪的，免除的；effusive流出的，感情横溢的。选项A与之意思最为相近。

9.单选题

Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

问题1选项

A.科学家们己经研制出了一种减肥药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

B.科学家们己经开发出了一种减肥药,它能成功地控制食欲,使体重显著下降,同时有明显的不良反应。

C.科学家们己经研制出了一种减食疗法的药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

【答案】A

【解析】首先，“slimmingdrug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。

10.单选题

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis（

）sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理，修补；bake烤，烘焙；melt使融化，使软化；lighten使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

Herpeerswereherworstcritics.

问题1选项

A.students

B.equals

C.teachers

D.subordinates

【答案】B

【解析】peer意为同等的人，同龄人。equal同辈，相等的事物；subordinate下属，从属。选项B与之意思相近。

12.单选题

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神户)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯断层).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

问题2选项

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

问题3选项

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

问题5选项

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知选项A正确；根据第一段的内容可知选项B错误；根据第三段的内容可知，选项C描述的是北岭地震而不是神户地震，不符合题意；根据原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知选项D错误。所以只有选项A表述正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能够发现地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危险的地震发生前警告人类。也就是说，预测地震是不可能的，选项B符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段第一句“Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.”如果科学家能够轻而易举地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么预测就不那么重要了。由此可知选项B正确；根据第三段“Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.”可知选项C正确。所以本题选项D。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，选项A和B表述太绝对；选项D没有提及。根据本段最后一句“Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.”如果地震时间更长或强度更大，建筑物可能已经倒塌了。也就是说，北岭的建筑可能会在更强的地震中倒塌。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲地震的不可预测性，这是一个事实，选项B和D带有疑问语气，所以不恰当。选项C不是本文的重点，所以选项A比选项C更能概括全文。

13.单选题

Thearticleinsinuatedthattheofficialwasbribed.

问题1选项

A.deniedpositively

B.statedflatly

C.arguedconvincingly

D.suggestedindirectly

【答案】D

【解析】insinuate意为暗示。deniedpositively明确否认；statedflatly平平的陈述；arguedconvincingly令人信服地论证；suggestedindirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。

14.单选题

Whenshebeganthejob,Lisashowed（

）andwaspromotedtoamanagerafterayear.

问题1选项

A.nitiative

B.ambition

C.attribute

D.peculiarity

【答案】B

【解析】initiative主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

Let'sputanendtothisunnecessaryand（

）destructionofourenvironment.

问题1选项

A.wanton

B.illiterate

C.decisive

D.competitive

【答案】A

【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Patentmedicinesalesmenhaveclaimedtohave（

）foralltypesofailments,fromcancertobaldnesstothecommoncold.

问题1选项

A.riddles

B.quandaries

C.remedies

D.remnant

【答案】C

【解析】riddle谜语，谜一般的人、东西、事情等；quandary困惑，窘境，为难；remedy补救，治疗；remnant剩余。句意：专利药品的销售人员声称他们有治疗各种疾病的方法，从癌症到秃顶再到普通感冒。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Highpressurecellsmaybringbriefwarm（

）eveninthemiddleofwinter.

问题1选项

A.struggles

B.spells

C.spans

D.sway

【答案】C

【解析】struggle奋斗，努力；spell符咒，魅力；span跨度，范围；sway影响，摇摆，统治。句意：高压电池即使在隆冬也能带来短暂的温暖。选项C在这里表示时间段，符合语境。

18.单选题

Althoughtheyareaninexpensivesupplierofvitamins,minerals,andhigh-qualityprotein,eggsalsocontainahighlevelofbloodcholesterol,oneofthemajorcausesofheartdisease.Oneeggyolk,infact,containsalittlemorethantwo-thirdsofthesuggesteddailycholesterollimit.Thisknowledgehascausedeggsalestoplummetinrecentyears,whichinturnhasbroughtaboutthedevelopmentofseveralalternativestoeatingregulareggs.Onealternativeistoeatsubstituteeggs.Theseeggsubstituteshavinglowercholesterolrates,andtheycanbescrambledorusedinbaking.Onedisadvantage,however,isthattheyarenotgoodforfrying,poaching,orboiling.Asecondalternativetoregulareggsisanewtypeofegg,sometimescalled“designer”eggs.Theseeggsareproducedbyhensthatarefedlow-fatdietsconsistingofingredientssuchascanolaoil,flax,andricebean.Inspiteoftheirdiets,however,thesehensproduceeggsthatcontainthesameamountofcholesterolasregulareggs.Yet,theproducersoftheseeggsclaimthateatingtheireggswillnotraisethebloodcholesterolinhumans.

Eggproducersclaimthattheirproducthasbeenportrayedunfairly.Theycitescientificstudiestobackuptheirclaim.And,infact,studiesontherelationshipbetweeneggsandhumancholesterollevelshavebroughtmixedresults.Itmaybethatitisnotthetypeofeggthatisthemaindeterminantofcholesterolbutthepersonwhoiseatingtheeggs.Somepeoplemaybemoresensitivetocholesterolderivedfromfoodthanotherpeople.Infact,thereisevidencethatcertaindietaryfatsstimulatethebody'sproductionofbloodcholesterol.Consequently,whileitstillmakessensetolimitone'sintakeofeggs,evendesignereggs,itseemsthatdoingthiswithoutregulatingdietaryfatwillprobablynothelpreducethebloodcholesterollevel.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacauseofheartdisease?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenthecauseforchangesinthesaleofeggs?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneeggyolkcontainsapproximatelywhatfractionofthesuggesteddailylimitforhumanconsumptionofcholesterol?

5.Accordingtothepassage,eggsubstitutescannotbeusedtomakeanyofthefollowingtypesofeggsEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.toinformpeopleabouttherelationshipbetweeneggsandcholesterol

B.toconvincepeopletoeat“designer”eggsandeggsubstitutes

C.topersuadepeoplethateggsareunhealthyandshouldnotbeeaten

D.tointroducetheideathatdietaryfatincreasesthebloodcholesterollevel

问题2选项

A.minerals

B.cholesterol

C.vitamins

D.canolaoil

问题3选项

A.dietarychangesinhens

B.decreasedproduction

C.increasingprice

D.ashrinkingmarket

问题4选项

A.l/3

B.l/2

C.2/3

D.3/4

问题5选项

A.scrambled

B.fried

C.poached

D.boiled

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是鸡蛋里面含有胆固醇，对人体产生影响，所以本文的目的是告诉人们鸡蛋和胆固醇之间的关系，选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“...eggsalsocontainahighlevelofbloodcholesterol,oneofthemajorcausesofheartdisease.”鸡蛋也含有高水平的血液胆固醇，是心脏病的主要原因之一。所以选项B正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段二三四句“Oneeggyolk,...Onealternativeistoeatsubstituteeggs.”事实上，一个蛋黄的胆固醇含量仅略高于建议的每日胆固醇上限的三分之二。这一认识导致鸡蛋销量近年来直线下降，这反过来又带来了几种食用普通鸡蛋的替代品的开发。一种选择是吃鸡蛋替代品。由此可知，是因为使用了替代品，原有的市场萎缩了，所以选项D正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Oneeggyolk,infact,containsalittlemorethantwo-thirdsofthesuggesteddailycholesterollimit.”一个蛋黄的胆固醇含量仅略高于建议的每日胆固醇上限的三分之二。选项中高于三分之二的只有3/4，所以选项D符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据第一段“Onedisadvantage,however,isthattheyarenotgoodforfrying,poaching,orboiling.”可知选项A正确。

19.单选题

Ifpeopledidn'tperspire,theywoulddieinfiveminutes.

问题1选项

A.breathe

B.eat

C.sweat

D.drink

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果人们不流汗，他们将在五分钟内死去。perspire意为使排汗，分泌出。只有选项C与之意思相近。

20.单选题

Eventhoughitisa（

）explanation,Iamnotcompletelyconvinced.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.plausible

C.plentiful

D.reliable

【答案】B

【解析】susceptible易受影响的，易感动的；plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；plentiful许多的，丰富的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的。句意：尽管这是一个合理的解释，但我并不完全信服。选项B符合句意。

21.单选题

Thecostofmakingtheprogramswassharedbyaconsortiumofsixpublictelevisionstations.

问题1选项

A.conformation

B.association

C.patchwork

D.combine

【答案】B

【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家公共电视台共同承担。consortium意为“联合，合伙”。conformation构造，一致，符合；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork拼缝物，混杂物；combine联合企业。选项B与之意思最为相近。

22.单选题

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老师责备他的学生在教室里搞恶作剧。pranks指“恶作剧”。tricks诡计，骗局；nudes肉色针织物；cribs婴儿床，栅栏；quips妙语，讽刺语。选项A与之意思相近。

23.单选题

Hegotafteryoutochangeyourmind,didn'the?

问题1选项

A.wanted

B.urged

C.persuaded

D.forced

【答案】B

【解析】getafter攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。

24.单选题

The（

）ofthesemanyeventsledmanypeopletobelievethattheywereinterrelated.

问题1选项

A.concurrence

B.agreement

C.occurrence

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】concurrence同时发生，赞同，合作；agreement协议，同意，一致；occurrence发生，出现；circumstance环境，情况，境遇。句意：许多这些事件同时发生使很多人相信它们之间是相互关联的。选项A符合句意。

25.单选题

Somescientistshypothesizedthatthereareintellectualbeingsonsome（

）bodies.

问题1选项

A.astronautic

B.celestial

C.astronomical

D.astrological

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项astronautic“太空航行的，宇航员的”，C项astronomical“天文的，天文学的”，D项astrological“占星的，占星学的，占星术的”，B项celestial“天上的，天空的”，celestialbody表示“天体”。由intellectualbeings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天体上”。句意：一些科学家假设某些天体上有智慧生物。因此，该题选择B项正确。

26.单选题

Thehotelwasafour-storeybuildingawayfromtheuniversitywheremostcompetitorswereaccommodated.

问题1选项

A.putup

B.putdown

C.putin

D.putover

【答案】A

【解析】accommodated在这里指容纳，安置。putup提供，建造，举起；putdown放下，镇压；putin提交，放入；putover推迟，驶过。选项A放在句中最为恰当，符合语境。

27.单选题

Themassive,black,hornedbuffalo,formerlyfoundthroughoutsub-SaharanAfrica,isagregariousanimalofopenorscrub-coveredplainsandopenforests.

问题1选项

A.rotten

B.sociable

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，群居的”。rotten腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。

28.单选题

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

问题1选项

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，弯曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艳丽的，炫耀的，显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。

29.单选题

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

问题2选项

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

问题3选项

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

问题4选项

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

问题5选项

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在决策的理论模型中，决策被定义为从一组执行选项中选择一个选项的过程。也就是说，需要考虑多种选择，选项B符合原文。

2.推理判断题。根据下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……组织中所有参与了这个过程的人都围绕着决策者。由此可推测，决策者和组织是紧密相连的，所以选项D更恰当。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句，决策单元的成员对一个身份不明的问题做出反应，需要通过研究问题，确定组织的目标，制定方案，评估每一个决策的优点和缺点，包括问题本身的性质，对组织施加影响的外部力量，决策单元的内部动态以及决策者的个性。选项A属于评估每一个决策的优点和缺点；选项B属于确定组织的目标；选项D属于决策单元内部的动态；所以，只有选项C没有涉及。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”决策由理性的人做出，他针对来自外部环境的特定威胁，直接而有目的地做出特定的决策。由此可知，他们做事是带有目的性的，而不是随机应变的，所以他们最不可能做的是选项B。

5.推理判断题。根据原文句意可知，这里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”经过仔细分析而选择出的最佳选项。选项C正确。

30.单选题

Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman（

）anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.

问题1选项

A.install

B.toinstall

C.tobeinstalled

D.installed

【答案】A

【解析】根据havesb.dosth.可知，这里应该用动词原形，所以选项A正确。

31.单选题

Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso（

）thattheycandisappearatanymoment.

问题1选项

A.trivial

B.fatal

C.tentative

D.feeble

【答案】D

【解析】trivial不重要的，琐碎的；fatal致命的，重大的，毁灭性的；tentative试验性的，暂定的；feeble无力的，薄弱的。句意：把我们联系在一起从事共同活动的纽带是如此薄弱，以至于随时都可能消失。选项D符合句意。

32.单选题

IncolonialAmerica,peoplegenerallycoveredtheirbedswithdecorativequiltsresemblingthoseofthelandsfromwhichthequittershadcome.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.

Amongthewhole-clothquiltsmadebythesewealthysettlersduringtheearlyperiodarethosenowcalledlinsey-woolseys.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfiberdyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Thefillingwasasoftlayerofwoolwhichhadbeencleanedandseparatedandthethreelayerswereheldtogetherwithdecorativestitchingdonewithhomespunlinenthread.Later,cottonthreadwasusedforthispurpose.Thedesignofthestitchingwasoftenasimpleonecomposedofinterlockingcirclesorcrosseddiagonallinesgivingadiamondpattern.

Thistypeofheavy,warm,quiltedbedcoverwassolargethatithungtothefloor.Thecomersarecutoutatthefootofthecoversothatthequiltfitsnuglyaroundthetallfour-poster,bedsofthe1700s,whichdifferedfromthoseoftodayinthattheywereshorterandwider;theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Therewasnocentralheatingandmostbedroomsdidnothavefireplaces.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionstheRevolutionaryWarasatimeperiodwhen（

）.

3.Thequiltsdescribedinthesecondandthirdparagraphsweremadeprimarilyof（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatthesleepinghabitsofmostAmericanshavechangedsincethe1700sinallthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwasmostlikelytobefoundinabedroominthecolderareasoftheAmericancolonies?

问题1选项

A.Theprocessingofwool

B.Linsey-woolseybedcovers

C.SleepinghabitsofcolonialAmericans

D.QuiltsmadeinEngland

问题2选项

A.quiltsweresuppliedtothearmy

B.moreimmigrantsarrivedfromEngland

C.quiltsimportedfromEnglandbecamehardertofind

D.people'sattitudestowardEnglandchanged

问题3选项

A.wool

B.linen

C.cotton

D.amixtureoffabrics

问题4选项

A.thepositioninwhichpeoplesleep

B.thenumbersofbolstersorpillowspeoplesleepon

C.thelengthoftimepeoplesleep