2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号14

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（报价）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房产）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

问题1选项

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

问题2选项

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

问题3选项

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

问题4选项

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

问题5选项

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

问题6选项

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

问题7选项

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A：一名空中乘客被杀害的风险小于横穿交通繁忙的马路的行人。B：乘飞机的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面临更大的死亡风险。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一个人在飞机事故中丧生的风险要小于他穿过一条繁忙的马路所冒的风险）。因此A项正确，B项错误。C：一名空中乘客必须比一名爬山者向保险公司支付更高的保费。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有时候，风险可能很高，就像在赛车或登山运动中的风险）。由此可知，赛车或登山运动中的风险比前面提到的空中遇难要高，C项错误。D：赛车手应该向保险公司支付最高的保费。文章并未提及此项。因此本题选A。

2.【试题解析】词义题。对于“quote”的理解可参考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保险公司会检查它的统计数据并给出保险费的……如果情况可疑，它可能会拒绝报价）。由此可知，“quote”表示“开价，报价”，故选D。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有时风险可能很高，比如赛车或登山。然后公司会收取更高的价格。如果太多登山者发生事故，价格就会进一步上涨。如果大多数登山者从山上摔下来，公司将拒绝为他们投保）。由此可知，如果事故发生率为十分之九或更高，保险公司将拒保，故选C项“不提供保险服务”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飞机和船舶非常昂贵，所以保费也很高，但是如果受保公司没有事故记录，保险公司将减少保费）。由此可知，如果航空公司没有事故记录，它通常会向保险公司支付较低的保费，因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盗险。一般情况下，公司会对统计数据进行核对，然后追加报价。如有可疑情况，公司可能会拒绝报价）。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投资于房地产、股票、农场，甚至古董绘画和邮票。它的目的是获得最好的投资回报。这并不像看起来那么贪婪，因为这是一种方法，使保险公司能够降低保费为投保对象提供服务的同时继续盈利）。由此可知，C项“通过投资一些行业和产品”正确。

7.【试题解析】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲的是保险公司如何利用收取的保费进行投资、降低保费继续盈利进而造福社会，因此D项“说明保险公司利用其收入和为什么这么做的原因”比较符合最后一段大意。

2.单选题

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

问题1选项

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

问题2选项

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

问题3选项

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

问题4选项

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

问题5选项

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

问题6选项

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

问题7选项

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

问题8选项

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

问题9选项

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

问题10选项

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

问题11选项

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

问题12选项

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

问题13选项

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

问题14选项

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

问题15选项

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

问题16选项

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

问题17选项

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

问题18选项

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

问题19选项

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

问题20选项

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

问题21选项

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

问题22选项

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

问题23选项

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

问题24选项

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

问题25选项

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

问题26选项

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

问题27选项

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

问题28选项

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

问题29选项

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

问题30选项

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:B

第21题:D

第22题:A

第23题:B

第24题:A

第25题:C

第26题:D

第27题:C

第28题:A

第29题:D

第30题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。选项后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”，中文翻译为：我们都有罪恶的快乐。下文又说“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”，中文翻译为：我们日常的决定通常是由一种根深蒂固的感觉所支配的……可知选项处应表示转折，故A项最符合。

2.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文出现的“near-termregrets近期遗憾”“long-termregrets长期遗憾”以及“overthelongterm长期来看”可知A选项“从长远看”正确。

3.【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项deliberately“故意地；谨慎地”；B选项impulsively“冲动地；有推动力地”；C选项consciously“自觉地；有意识地”；D选项compulsively“强制地，强迫地”。联系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻译为：如果我们重视工作而不是休闲、选择必需品而不是奢侈品，推断出空格处选B。

4.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项grow“使生长；种植；扩展”；B选项increase“增加”；C选项feed“喂养”；D选项arouse“引起”。根据语境和句意，后面搭配strongregrets，译为“强烈的遗憾”可知D选项正确。

5.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”，中文大意为：面对于没有在休息时间工作、学习或存钱的遗憾则随着时间的推移而减少。因此判断出空格处表示减少的意思，A选项正确。

6.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项anticipate“预料，期望”；B选项realize“实现；认识到；了解”；C选项abandon“遗弃；放弃”；D选项recall“召回；回想起，记起；取消”。联系下文“anticipatedregret”意为：预料遗憾，可知A选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项investigate“调查；研究”；B选项explore“探索；探测；探险”；C选项examine“检查；审查”；D选项involve“包含；牵涉；使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”，中文翻译为：我们的研究，可知A选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“对……感到遗憾（或后悔）”，故C选项正确。

9.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D选项正确。

10.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项similar“类似的”；B选项different“不同的；个别的，与众不同的”；C选项alike“相似的；相同的”；D选项related“有关系的”。结合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娱乐之间”可知该空格处应表示类似的模式。因此可知A选项正确。

11.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻译为：商人看待在工作和娱乐之间过去的选择。判断出正确答案为A“如何”。

12.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。对应下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻译为：然而，过去尽职的那些人经历日益增强的……判断出最符合语境句意的选项为C“越来越少的”。

13.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“错过机会”，故选B。

14.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻译为：一种过度的远见，可知此处对应D项“遭受”。

15.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻译为：他们专注于……做事负责且他们将放纵看成是浪费的、不负责的甚至不道德的。结合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于诱惑”判断应选A“而不是”。

16.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项require“需要；要求”；B选项inquire“询问；查究；问明”；C选项acquire“获得；学到；捕获”；D选项enquire“询问；调查；问候”。结合下文necessities“必需品”，可知最佳答案为C。

17.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻译为：这些消费者恰恰避开他们极其喜爱的这些产品和经历，可以判断出选项处应表示“结果”。答案为C。

18.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”，并且此处为主动语态。答案为D。

19.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项regret“后悔；惋惜；哀悼”；B选项appreciate“感激；领会”；C选项decline“谢绝；婉拒”；D选项value“评价；重视”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市场营销者能帮助消费者做出适当放纵的选择”和下文overthelongterm“从长期来看”可以推测出答案为B。

20.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项inpublic“公开地，当众”；B选项inadvance“预先，提前”；C选项ingeneral“总之”；D选项indetail“详细地”。结合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在购物之旅后”可以判断出最符合的答案是选项B。

21.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项chance“机会，际遇；运气”；B选项opportunity“时机，机会”；C选项capability“才能，能力；性能，容量”；D选项possibility“可能性；可能发生的事物”。联系下文可知正确选项为D。

22.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”。可知A选项为最佳答案。

23.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项cause“引起；使遭受；给……带来”；C选项render“致使；提出”；D选项create“创造，创作”。结合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻译为：最大的遗憾，可知最佳答案为B。

24.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻译为：在这个购物之旅后，我们检查了这些消费者实际购买的东西，可以判断选项A“如我们所料”正确。

25.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“倾向于做某事”，结合上下文可知答案为C。

26.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项unless“除非，如果不”；B选项although“尽管；虽然”；C选项when“当……时”；D选项whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此处应该表示“然而”，故答案为D。

27.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”，中文翻译为：消费者也可以从这些提示中受益，可知C为最佳答案。

28.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”，中文翻译为：放弃这个放纵的选择，和下文“afamilyvacation”，中文翻译为：一个家庭度假，可知此处应为forgo的近义词，故选A。

29.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项even“甚至，连，即使；更加”；B选项never“从未；决不”；C选项still“仍然；静止地”；D选项ever“永远；曾经；究竟”。联系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为：没有人在弥留之际，判断出D为最佳答案。

30.【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。根据上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为：没有人在弥留之际，以及空格前的wish可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone。可知答案为B。

3.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“Intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“writersonmanagement”mentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisionsandManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavebasedtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecision.

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;MangerYdoesnot.

D.MangerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagestoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。通过A选项“加快产生问题的解决办法”定位到原文第三段“Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.”中文翻译：最后，经理们可以使用直觉去绕开深入分析，从而迅速地产生一个可能的解决办法。通过B选项“识别问题”定位到原文第三段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.”中文翻译：首先，当问题存在时，他们直觉地感觉到。通过C选项“整合不同的事实”定位到原文第三段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture.”中文翻译：直觉的第三个功能将孤立的数据和做法综合成一个完整的画面。选项D“规定明确的目标”在文章内没有被提及，故选D。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.”中文翻译：然而，一般来说，这样的作者表现出对直觉的理解贫乏。可知最佳答案为D选项“他们误解了经理们在做经营决策中如何使用直觉”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“…theclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.”中文翻译：传统的理性模式——先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能、做决定，然后采取行动实施决定，以及“Rather...tointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.”中文翻译为：而是……将行动合并到思考的过程中。可以推断出答案选择C“经理X采取行动来得到问题的解决方法；经理Y却不这样”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.”中文翻译为：第二个方式是，经理依赖直觉快速地执行充分学习到的行为模式，以及“Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.”中文翻译为：按照这种方式被使用的直觉几乎是一种即刻的认知过程，而在该过程中经理认出类似的模式。因此判断正确答案为D“直觉能让经理更有效地使用他们的实践经验”。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…”中文翻译为：大多数成功的高级经理在工作管理上都不紧紧地遵循传统的理性模式……以及“Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers…”中文翻译为：而是，在他们日常战术策略中……可知，正确答案为B项“摒弃一种传统的模式，然后介绍一种替代的选择”。

4.单选题

Herletterwasinsuchacasualcrawl,andinsuchpaleink,thatitwas（）.

问题1选项

A.vague

B.illegible

C.ambiguous

D.intelligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vague“模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的；字迹模糊的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的；引起歧义的”；D选项intelligible“可理解的；明了的”。句意：她的文字是如此随意的爬行和如此暗淡，以至于它是难辨认的。根据句意可知B选项正确。

5.单选题

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

问题1选项

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”，句意：当感觉自己处于一个发现的边缘时，科学家们变得非常兴奋。故C选项正确。

6.单选题

Manypeopleare（）toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

问题1选项

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.infectious

D.alert

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项insensitive“感觉迟钝的”；B选项allergic“对……过敏的”；C选项infectious“传染的；传染性的”；D选项alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人对虫子叮咬过敏，且有些人甚至不得不去医院。结合此处句意，B选项正确。

7.单选题

Eversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeen（）towardsproducingworkers.

问题1选项

A.harnessed

B.hatched

C.motivated

D.geared

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。geartoward“专门朝向某事发展”。句意：自工业主义出现以来，教育一直专门生产工人。根据句意可知D选项正确。

8.单选题

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

问题2选项

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

问题3选项

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

问题4选项

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题5选项

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.