2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号54

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Onlywhenchildrenmake___effortscantheybecomesuccessful.

问题1选项

A.arduous

B.adequate

C.affluent

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项arduous“努力的；费力的；险峻的”；B选项adequate“充足的（能满足需要的，不强调富余）；适当的；胜任的”；C选项affluent“富裕的；丰富的（有很多钱和良好的生活水平）；流畅的”；D选项abundant“丰富的；充裕的；盛产的（着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应）”。句意：只有当孩子们做出足够的努力，他们才能成功。本句表达“足够的努力”，因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

问题1选项

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

问题2选项

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

问题3选项

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

问题4选项

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】75.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半数以上的无父家庭是由离婚、分居、死亡或监禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子现在是由同居的父亲和母亲产生的）可知C选项“在所有无母亲家庭中，只有不到一半是由离婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B选项“近一半的非婚生婴儿现在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（当立法者、政策分析人士和意见领袖讨论家庭变化时，他们通常关注两个问题：非婚生育和无父家庭。在许多情况下，他们讨论这两个问题，仿佛它们是相同的）可知A选项“非婚生育并不是单亲家庭的唯一原因”；结合上文所提到的内容可知D选项“非婚生育和无父家庭是两个独立的问题”符合原文。因此C选项符合题意。

76.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她们还发现长时间工作异常困难，因为她们还要照顾孩子。许多人从缺席的父亲那里得到的子女抚养费非常少，即使是慷慨的子女抚养费也比收入相同的常住父亲通常提供的钱要少。虽然单身母亲有资格获得各种形式的公共援助，但立法者和选民都不想让这种援助慷慨，以免慷慨会鼓励更多的女性独自抚养孩子）有涉及到B选项“低收入母亲”，C选项“缺乏政府的帮助”以及D选项“缺乏来自孩子父亲的支持”，但是结合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，单亲母亲家庭的蔓延对美国贫困的持续存在起到了重要作用）可以推断出贫困才是导致这些问题的回答，A选项“贫困”包括了B，C，D选项在内。因此A选项正确。

77.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（离婚后再婚的母亲在经济上与孩子生父保持婚姻关系的母亲差不多）可知A选项“离婚后再婚的母亲”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（与男友同居的未婚母亲的家庭收入也明显高于独自生活的母亲……）可知C选项“与男朋友同居的未婚母亲”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，当未婚母亲与父母或其他亲戚住在一起时……）可知D选项“和父母住在一起的未婚妈妈”有提及；B选项“与孩子的生父保持婚姻关系的母亲”原文未涉及。因此B选项符合题意。

78.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段划线句子处In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，当林登•约翰逊宣布向贫困宣战时，只有30%的有孩子的贫困家庭由单身母亲抚养。自20世纪70年代末以来，这个数字一直在60%左右）可知选C选项“20世纪70年代末以来，贫困单亲家庭的比例翻了一番”；A选项“现在越来越多的贫困家庭的孩子生活在单亲家庭”，B选项“有孩子的贫困家庭一半以上是单亲家庭”以及D选项“离婚率自1964年以来翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.

It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.

Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.

Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.

Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.

Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled(耍弄)themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.

2.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat___.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

4.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout___.

问题1选项

A.itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday

B.computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions

C.manycomputercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected

D.peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany

问题2选项

A.manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscovered

B.therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem

C.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes

D.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheirbadluck

问题3选项

A.Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.

B.Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.

C.Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.

问题4选项

A.Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.

B.Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.

C.Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.

D.Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.

问题5选项

A.whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspections

B.howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationfromtheirformeremployers

C.whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishment

D.whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminated

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到原文第四段第一，二句Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.（例如，一个键盘打孔操作员抱怨说，他不得不加班打卡。调查显示，他被要求打额外的卡是为了不诚实的交易）可知人们可能会被公司要求进行计算机犯罪，选D选项“人们在公司的要求下进行计算机犯罪”；根据第二段It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetected…Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunished...（电脑犯罪很容易不被发现……但即使被发现，罪犯不仅可能逍遥法外……）可知A选项“今天仍然不可能发现计算机犯罪”错误；原文没有确切的提及B选项“计算机犯罪是金融机构运作中最严重的问题”；第五段Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.（与其他违法者不同，电脑罪犯有时会逃避惩罚，他们不仅要求不起诉他们，还要求给他们好的推荐信或者其他好处）以及第六段Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.（为什么？因为公司的管理人员担心，如果公众发现他们的电脑被滥用，会造成不良的公众形象）可知C选项“许多计算机罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不能被发现”错误。因此D选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.（当然，我们没有未被发现的犯罪的统计数据。但令人不安的是，我们知道有多少犯罪是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统检查或其他安全程序。被抓住的计算机罪犯可能是不寻常的坏运气的受害者）可知作者暗示系统检查或其他安全程序并不能很好的发现犯罪行为，被发现的罪犯很多只是因为运气不好被偶然发现，而没有被发现的罪犯数量要多得多，选A选项“没有被发现的电脑犯罪比被发现的要多得多”；B选项“计算机犯罪的迅速增加是一个棘手的问题”，C选项“大多数电脑罪犯足够聪明来掩盖他们的罪行”以及D选项“大多数电脑罪犯都足够聪明来掩盖他们的坏运气”原文未提及，原段落未表明大多数电脑罪犯足够聪明这一观点。因此A选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggledthemostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.（一想到一个罪犯在公开法庭上吹嘘自己是如何在公司高管、会计和安全人员的鼻子底下篡改最机密的记录，他们就会犹豫）可知选D选项“公司通常对揭露计算机犯罪犹豫不决”，结合最后一段最后一句话Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.（就这样，另一个电脑罪犯离开了，只带着他需要的建议去其他地方继续他的犯罪）可知C选项“公司将防范计算机犯罪以保护他们的声誉”错误；A选项“必须实施严厉的法律来打击计算机犯罪”，B选项“公司需要对机密信息施加限制”未在文章内提及。因此D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。第五段Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.（与其他违法者不同，电脑罪犯有时会逃避惩罚，他们不仅要求不起诉他们，还要求给他们好的推荐信或者其他好处）以及第六段Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.（就这样，另一个电脑罪犯离开了，只带着他需要的建议去其他地方继续他的犯罪）可知选C选项“他们可能会离开，很容易找到另一份工作”，同时可知A选项“由于名声不好，他们很难找到另一份工作”，D选项“他们必须离开这个国家，否则就进监狱”错误；B选项“他们将被拒绝访问机密记录”原文未提及。因此C选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。根据第一段Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.（任何聪明到能够为自己的目的修改这些信息的人都能获得可观的回报。更糟糕的是，许多这样做并被抓住的人都设法逃脱了惩罚）可知文章开头就提到很多计算机罪犯即使被抓住也会逃脱惩罚，接下来的几段都围绕这一观点展开，分别列举不同的例子来证明为什么这件事会发生，可知选C选项“为什么电脑罪犯经常能够逃脱惩罚”；原文只是提及Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.（但令人不安的是，我们知道有多少犯罪是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统检查或其他安全程序），没有详细描写A选项“为什么计算机犯罪很难被系统的检查发现”，排除；B选项“计算机罪犯如何设法从他们的前雇主那里得到好的推荐信”和原文不相符；D选项“为什么计算机犯罪不能被消除”原文未提及。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

问题1选项

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lackof“没有，缺乏；不足，不够”，名词短语；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，动词短语。A选项be动词+名词短语作谓语，正确；B选项be动词+动词短语，错误；C选项lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D选项lackof名词短语不能当谓语。因此A选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

问题1选项

A.acclaimed

B.declaimed

C.proclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项acclaimed“称赞；为……喝彩，向……欢呼”；B选项declaimed“慷慨陈词；演讲；朗读”；C选项proclaimed“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项exclaimed“（由于强烈的情感或痛苦而）惊叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的妇女都___这个婴儿发育得多么好。本句表达“妇女称赞婴儿发育的好”，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

问题1选项

A.converge

B.assemble

C.crowd

D.accumulate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项converge“聚集（从不同的方向走向一个地方并相遇）；靠拢；收敛”；B选项assemble“集合，聚集；装配；收集（作为一个团体聚集在一起或者把人或事物作为一个团体聚集在一起）”；C选项crowd“挤满；逼近（某人）；聚集（站得很近以至于使某人感到不舒服或紧张）；（想法或观点）塞满脑子；催促（因而使人生气或不快）”；D选项accumulate“累积；积聚（在一段时间内逐渐得到越来越多某物）”。句意：如火警响起，请所有居民在庭院___。本句表达“火灾发生的话请所有居民作为一个团体聚集在庭院”，因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(弹夹)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一个社会化新闻网站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美国司法部长，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——诺贝尔和平奖获得者),orJohnLennon(约翰•列侬——披头士乐队成员)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

问题1选项

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

问题2选项

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

问题3选项

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

问题4选项

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。第一段提到两个例子，第一是主播大卫•格雷戈里在直播中有非法举动，但是检察官决定不起诉他，第二个例子是Reddit创始人艾伦•斯沃茨，他从一个封闭的数据库中下载学术期刊文章，检察官决定起诉他，艾伦•斯沃茨在面临可能50年监禁的情况下自杀了，结合第二段所提到的内容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事实上，只要检察官认定，任何美国人都有被起诉的风险）可知第一段所举的两个例子是想表明检察官在起诉人时有很大的权利，很自由，选B选项“检察官在起诉人时有很大的自由裁量权”；A选项“炫耀杂志并不像下载成千上万的学术文章那么严肃”和C选项“不同地方的检察官有不同的起诉标准”原文未提及；D选项“艾伦•斯沃茨自杀了，因为他不想待在监狱里”虽然原文提及，但是只是一个例子中的一个方面，并不能概括作者举两个例子的意图。因此B选项正确。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鉴于目前存在的庞大的法律法规网络，如果检察官认定，几乎任何美国人都有被起诉的风险）可知作者在这里想表明的问题是检察官在起诉人时有很大的权利，很自由，选D选项“检察官对被大量法律放大的犯罪指控个人的自由裁量权”，同时可知A选项“缺乏违反网站条款的法律”错误，原文提到了“存在的庞大的法律法规网络”，A选项和原文相悖；B选项“任何美国人都有被起诉的风险”以及C选项“现在有太多的立法和法规”并不是第二段提出的主要问题，第二段主要想强调检察官的权利。因此D选项正确。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆•吴2007年所述，在纽约南区的美国检察官办公室里，一个流行的游戏是给一个名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者约翰•列侬并决定如何起诉他们：“然后由初级检察官找出一个合理的罪名来起诉他或她。这些罪行通常不是强奸、谋杀或你在电视节目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美国法典中的令人难以置信的广泛而模糊的罪行，就像一个法学雷区）可知这个小游戏是决定如何用不寻常的罪行起诉名人，选D选项“普通犯罪不适合特蕾莎修女或约翰列侬”；A选项“在一些地方用来培训初级检察官”原文未提及；B选项“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C选项“找出约翰列侬可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D选项正确。

66.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是剧烈的和令人不安的）可知作者对于美国该情况是十分担心的，选C选项“担心”；A选项“满意”，B选项“亏本”以及D选项“有关”都不符合原文作者的态度。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(辍学者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.Attrition(缩/减员，磨损)atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch,”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

31.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat___.

32.Researchhasshownthat___.

33.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.___.

34.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat___.

35.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin___.

问题1选项

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropoutD.thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

问题2选项

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.sinfinancialattainment

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies

C.D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.

D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsoutD.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree

问题3选项

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programsD.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities

问题4选项

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropoutsD.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions

问题5选项

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.

D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】31.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文定位到第一段开头Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(辍学者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.（教育工作者非常关注哲学博士候选人的高辍学率，以及一个需要博士生的国家随之而来的人才流失）以及第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.（一些人认为，通过说服辍学者回到研究生院攻读博士学位，可以减少受过良好训练的专家和大学教师的短缺）可知一些人希望采取措施说服辍学者重回校园，选A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”；B选项“那些辍学的学生应该回到质量较低的学校继续他们的学业”，C选项“拥有博士学位的人通常比辍学的人更能适应环境”以及D选项“高辍学率很大程度上是由于教员缺乏激励”和原文不符合。因此A选项正确。

32.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段开头Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent（调查发现，辍学率为31%）可知辍学人数占据三分之一，D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人没有完成学业获得学位”符合原文；第二段结尾Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingt