非谓语动词讲稿

卓越个性化教学讲义PAGEPAGE10卓越个性化教案GFJW0901学生姓名董梓健年级初三授课时间8月8日教师姓名戴华超课时2教学目标让学生掌握中考对非谓语动词的考查要求重点难点不定式的省略与保留，不定式与动名词在某些动词后面用法的区别Step1Greetings.Step2Askandanswerquestions.Step3Checkhomeworkandreview.Step4Presentation.一、非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。二、动词不定式（TheInfinitive）动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。1、动词不定式作主语。TogetanInjectionisalittlepainful.Tocomplaintoomuchisn’tagoodthing.注：（1）不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如IttakesmetwohourstofinishmyEnglishhomework.It’sdifficulttoLearnEnglishWell.(2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for或of引导其逻辑主语，如It’simportantforuslearnaforeignlanguage.It’sdifficultforustofinishitontime.作业教学效果/课后反思学生自评针对本堂收获和自我表现（对应指数上打√）①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩学生/家长签名It’skind/good/niceofyoutohelpme.It’sclever/foolish/polite/careful/carelessofyoutodothat.2、动词不定式作表语。Myjobistofeedanimals.Ourdutyistokeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.Hiswishistobecomeasinger.3、动词不定式作宾语Hewantstoborrowabookfromme.Ihopetoseemypenfriendassoonaspossible.Ifounditdifficulttogetonwithhim.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)注：不定式有时与疑问句where,how,what,which,when,who等连用，作动词的宾语。疑问词(除why以外)+todo常含有“应该如何如何”之意,可替换成相应的名词从句a.Wouldyoutelluswhattodonow?(=Wouldyoutelluswhatweshoulddonow?)

b.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?(=CanyoutellmewhereIshouldgetthebook?)如： WhattodoIdon’tknowHowtodoit Wheretogo Whentosetoff Whichonetochoose WhotoaskHegaveatalkonhowtostudyEnglishWell.4、不定式作定语时要后置Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink/toread/toeat?Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。Itoldhimtodoithimself.(加to)Heaskedmetobuysomeorangesforhim.（加to）Ｗedidn’texpecthimtobethewinner.(加to)Ioftensawhimgotothecinemalastyear.(省to)Pleaselettheboycomein.（省to）Thebossmakestheworkersworktenhoursaday.(省to)注：感观动词（see,watch,notice,hear,feel）和使役动词（have,let,make）后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。如；Theworkersaremadetoworktenhoursaday.6、作状语Theywenttotheshoptobuysomeschoolthings.(目的状语)Mysisteristooyoungtogotoschool.（结果状语）注意：使用动词不定式时应注意的问题:

1.动词不定式省略符号to的情况:

①.在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式省略to(参看上文)

②.在一些固定结构中,.动词不定式省略to,如:ratherthandosth,wouldratherdosth,hadbetterdosth,whynotdosth.

a.Ratherthanrideonacrowedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.

b.Whynotgooutforawalk?

c.Iwouldratherplayfootballthanbasketball.

③.当两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时,第二个不定式的符号to可以省略

a.Ilintendtocallonhimanddiscussthequestionagain.

b.SheaskedyoutocallorwritetoheronSunday.

c.Ihaven’tdecidedtogohomeortostayatschoolthissummer.

2.动词不定式位于某些形容词之后,构成以下句型:S+be+adj.+todo.在此句型中,句子主语与不定式动词do有两种关系:

①.句子主语与不定式动词是逻辑主谓关系

a.TheywereeagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.

b.Iamsorrytokeepyouwaiting.

②.句子主语与不定式动词是逻辑动宾关系,这时,如果不定式动词是不及物,则需加上适当的介词

a.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.

b.Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.

3.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时,动词不定式常常省略to之后的内容,而保留to

a.DidyougotoseetheGreatWall?No,Iwantedto,buttherewasn’ttime.

b.HewantedtogotoBeidaihe,buthewasn’tableto.三、现在分词（ThePresentParticiple），和过去分词（ThePastParticiple）现在分词由动词加“ing”构成（构成方式略）表示主动或正在进行；过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或查不规则动词表，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。1、作表语Thenewsisexciting.TheresultisamazingThewindowisbroken.Thedoorislocked.2、作定语Doyouknowtheyoungmanstandingunderthetree?Thewomanwearingaredcoatismyaunt.IliketoreadbookswrittenbyLuXun.SheaskedGrandmatoputabookmarkineachoftheborrowedbooks.Thenwecanseemanydinosaursdiscoveredbyyouinthemuseums.3、作状语Alotoflandhasgonewiththetrees,leavingonlysand.(结果)Theywakeuptheirparents,calling“MerryChristmas”（伴随）Givenmoretime,Icanfinishtheworkmyself.（条件）4、作宾补Ihearagirlsinginginthenextroom.I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Wehadourpicturestakeninthemiddleofthesquare.四、动名词（TheGerund）在形式上，动名词与现在分词无法区别，但现在分词里一个动词性的形容词，而动名词则是一个动词性的名词，它具有名词的绝大多数特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等成份。1、作主语Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实）Sellingcomputerstoforeigncountriesishisjob.Pickingapplesismuchbetterthanhavingclasses.注：动名词作主语可与表语对调位置；有时也可用it作形式主语，而将动名词放于句末。如：Hisjobissellingcomputerstoforeigncountries.（主语与表语可互换）2、作表语Hisjobisfeedinganimals.TheonlythingthatIwanttodoissleeping.3、作宾语：分为动词宾语与介词宾语。如:dislike,enjoy,finish,mind,practise,keep,suggest等TomenjoyslivinginBeijing.Haveyoufinishedreadingthatnovel?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor.IoftenpracticespeakingEnglishwithforeigners.Thankyouforteachingussowell.Whataboutgoingfishingtomorrow?4、作定语aswimmingpool游泳池 asleepingcar卧铺车厢areadingroom 阅览室 awalkingstick 手杖注：现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的不同之处在于：现在分词相当于一个定语从句的作用，可改成定语从句，而动名词相当于一个名词作定语，说明被修饰词的类别、功能或性质，不可以改成定语从句。Thesleepingchild=thechildwhoissleepingThewomantalkingwithmyfatherismyEnglishteacher.=ThewomanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherismyEnglishteacher.使用动名词时应注意的问题:

在动词want,need,require后接动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思,相当于want/need/requiretobedone

Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.五．某些及物动词后接todo/doing的问题:1.有些及物动词之后既可接todo,也可接doing,意义稍有区别,如:love,like,hate,start,begin,接todo侧重表示一次的具体的动作,接doing侧重表示一般性的习惯性的动作

a.Ilovegoingtothetheatre./Ilovetogotothetheatretoday.

b.Ihategettingupearly./Ihatetogetupearlythismorning.

有些及物动词之后既可接todo,也可接doing,意义明显不同,如:stop,remember,forget,try,regret等,接doing表示做过的或正在做的事,接todo表示未做过的事

如：goontodosth．（接着做另一件事）goondoingsth．（继续做同一件事）forget/remembertodosth．（记住或忘记去做某事，还未做）forget/rememberdoingsth．（记住或忘记做过某事，事先已做过）stoptodosth．（停下来做某事）stopdoingsth．（停止做某事）

regret

to

do

sth.对将要做的事抱歉

regret

doing

sth.对发生过的事后悔

try

to

do

sth.设法……，try

doing

sth.试试看，试一试

mean

to

do

sth.打算做……，想要

mean

doing

sth.意味着，就是

【同步达纲练习】单项选择(选自各地中考题)。()1.Theykeptthefiretokeepthemwarm.A.burn B.toburn C.burnt D.burning()2.Who’stheboyunderthetree?A.stand B.tostand C.standing D.stood()3.Idon’tliketositherenothing.A.doing B.todo C.do D.does()4.ThegirlstudentsenjoyEnglishsongs.A.sing B.tosing C.singing D.sung()5.Thankyouforussowell.A.toteach B.teaches C.taught D.teaching()6.IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washed B.towash C.washing D.washes()7.Wefindtheirclassroomeveryday.A.cleaned B.cleans C.toclean D.cleaning()8.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.call B.tobecalled C.calling D.called()9.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.walking B.towalk C.walked D.walks()10.Don’tforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togive B.giving C.given D.give()11.IthinkitimportantEnglishwell.A.learning B.learn C.tolearn D.learned()12.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing D.laughed()13.ShewasoftenheardinherowngardenonSundaymornings.A.sing B.tosing C.singing D.sung()14.Ourteacherstoldushardatourlessons.A.towork B.work C.working D.worked()15.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhow B.howtoread C.whattoread D.whatread()16.Idon’tknownext.A.whattodo B.whattodoit C.howtodo D.tohowdoit()17.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cut B.cuts C.cutting D.cutted()18.HewenthomesomebooksonEnglish.A.got B.toget C.getting D.get()19.Rememberlateforclassagain.A.notto B.benotto C.nottobe D.nottocome()20.MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue.A.notjump B.didn’tjump C.nottojump D.tonotjump()21.ismyfavouritesportinsummer.A.Swim B.Toswim C.Swiming D.Swimming()22.Ireallydidn’tknowwiththedifficultproblemthen.A.whattodo B.howtodo C.towhatdo D.howdo()23.Ienjoyverymuch,butIdidn’tlikeinthedirtylakeinthevillage.A.swimming;swimming B.toswim;toswimC.toswim;swimming D.swimming;toswim()24.Whynotwithus?Yousee,it’svery.A.go;interested B.go;interesting C.togo;interested D.going;interesting()25.—Whatabouttothecinematonight?—That’sagoodidea.I’dlikewithyou.A.going;going B.togo;togo C.going;togo D.go;going()26.Everyonehereisbusyreadyforthecomingentrancetests.A.get B.toget C.getting D.gets()27.Hejumpedintotheriverthelittlegirlinthedeepwater.A.saving B.tosave C.saved D.save()28.We’veworkedfortwohours.Let’sarest.A.stoptohave B