15-16学年高中英语讲练(人教新课标)Unit 1 Grammar

GRAMMAR主一【纳主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。一般循以下原则：1.语一原：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.意一原：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数时，谓语根据意义用复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据意义用单数形式。3.就一原：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。一名作语集体名词作主语如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式常见的这类名词有army,audience,class,family,crowd,staff,enemy,government等有些集体名词如police等通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Theteambestintheleague.Theteamarelovelypeople.Idonwhatpeoplethink.单、复数同形的词species,deer,sheep,等主语时，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：Severallargeliveinpond.Alargecaughtduringthecompetition.表示单数概念的形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名等）作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：MathsisoneoftheimportantcoursesintheseniorTheBritain’soldestnationaldaily.trousers,shoes,chopsticks,sunglasses等名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式但如果其前有pairof,akind等，谓语动词般用单数。如：Histrouserswereslightlytooshort.Apairoftrousersisthebed.当名词短语的中词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Fourthousanddollarsismorethanafford.“the形容词或过去分”结作主语时一类可数的人或事物动用复数。这类词有rich,poor,blind,injured等。如：Eventhehavetheirpride.Theinjuredweretakentoseveralhospitals.如果主语由morethan或many构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通用单数形式；在more复数名+one结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：thanonehasbeeninManyfamouspopstarruinedbydrugs.boxesthanonehavebeenusedatstation.二代作语

由代词ach,either,neither,another以合成代something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：boysentered.carryingasuitcase.Everybodywasgladtoseeherback.most,none,等主语时语词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定Thosearestudents.workhard.Iwantedsomemorecoffeebuttherewasnoneleft.三由接连的词代作语两个名词或代词a连作主语时，语动词通常用复数。但a不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：Boththesecretarythetopresent.Laworderdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.当主语后跟有说主语的修饰语，如由with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,addition等导的短时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。如：Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,foundandreturnedtotheowner.由either...or...,neither......,notonly...butalso等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语相一致。如：Notonlystudentsbuttheirteacherisgoingtoexhibition.四含词短作语“分或百分数of+名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数取决o后词的数。如：Onlythirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.Threefourthsofstudentscomeschoolontime.五从作语名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外从作语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：Whetherwegotomorrowdependsontheweather.Whattheslideandhowmanytouristsinjuredstillunknown.WhatyouisabigWhatheareold【即即】I.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。①Ithink$5,000________(be)toomuchforacar.②1,000________akilometer.①Theofstudentsinschool________(be)increasingby②Alargebooks________(be)borrowedfromthelibraryeveryday.①MyfriendandclassmatePaul________(like)playinggames.②Awritersinger________(have)alreadyarrived.①thewall________(be)twopictures,whichattractmanypeople.②students________(stand)theirteacher,whoisherthirties.

①Threefourthsof________(have)bad.②Threefourthsofthepeaches________(have)bad.①Bettyisoneofuswho________(want)totheEnglishClub.②Bettytheonlyoneofus________(want)joinEnglishClub.①Everything,includingclothes,________(be)stolenthatevening.②Allbut________(have)passedtheexam.II.选括号内合适的选项补全下面短文。HiCathy,etingsfromNepal!I’msendingthisfromaninternetcaféinasmalltownnorthofKathmandu.Thetownitselfisn’tveryinteresting,buteverythingaroundit1.________(is/are)beautiful—IcanseeHimalayasthroughthecaféwindow!Thecoursesheregreat,althoughmaths2.________(is/are)certainlynotstrongpoint.AlotNepalpopulationlivesinthemountainouspartsofthecountrysouthoftheHimalayas,andmostofthesepeople3.________(depend/depends)ongrowingcropsandkeepinganimals.Thestandardoflivinginandtheothercities4.________(have/has)risenalotrecently,thepeoplelikelymovethecities5.________/are)expectedtoincrease.’sarealproblemhere.TheHimalayaTimes,thelocalEnglish-language________(has/have)justpublishedsurveyshowingthatmostyoungpeoplewouldstaytheirhomevilla