软件工程计科091-软工卷答案

工程（双语）试卷B（20122013第一学期(10Points)Whenadatastructureisusedtopassinformationfromonecomponenttoanother,andthedatastructureitselfispassed,thereisstampcouplingbetweenthecomponents;ifonlydataarepassed,thecomponentsareconnectedbydoupling.Theleastdesirablecouplingoccurswhenonecomponentactuallymodifiesanother.Thenthemodifiedcomponentiscompleydependentonthemodifyingone.Wecallthiscontentcoupling.Theexamplemaybedifferent.contentcoupling:5Points;doupling:5(1)(10Points)TherearemanyanswersfordrawingDFDdiagrams.Ourgradingstandardisnotation(1/3),contents(2/3).(2)(10Points)Ausecasediagramforanautomaticbank lermachine(ATM)maybedifferent.Notationaccountsfor1/3.Conceptsandcorrectnessaccountsfor2/3.Usecasesmaybe:Withdrawmoney;Register;exit;reviewaccount;Putmoney;etc.Actors:customer;bankofficer.(1)Integrationtestingistheprocessofverifyingthatthesystemcomponentsworktogetherasdescribedinthesystemandprogramdesignspecifications.Itensuresthattheinterfacesamongthecomponentsaredefinedandhandledproperly.Black-boxtesting:knowingthespecifiedfunctionaproductistoperform,testscanbeconductedthatdemonstrateeachfunctionisfullyoperational,atthesametimesearchingforerrorsineachfunction.(10Points,eachoneis5points)(2)Compositionisaspecialtypeofaggregation.Werecognizeanaggregationwhenoneclassispartofanotherclass.Forexample,ClassPeriodicalandclassarticles.Wedenotethepart-ofrelationshipusingalinethatendsinafilleddiamond;thediamondindicatesthelargerentityofwhichtheconnectedclassisapart.(10Points:example5points,explanation5(1)Classes:servicestation;services;customers;refueling;vehiclemaintenance;purchase;bill;Thediagrammustshowinheritance,association,aggregationrelationship.ClassIdentificationis5Points.Classdiagramis10points.Therearemanyanswersfordrawingclassdiagrams.Ourgradingstandardisnotation(1/3),contents(2/3).(2)Thesequencediagramfortherefuelusecasemaybedifferent.Ourgradingstandardisnotation(1/3),contents(2/3). (Totalpointsare5.)5（computing(lowerHW,higherdevelopment/maintenancecosts)；availabilityofpowerfuldesktopcomputing；extensivelocal-andwide-areanetworking；availabilityandadoptionOOtechnology；graphicaluserinterfaces；unpredictabilityofwaterfallmodelof6Points.Themajoractivitiesinsoftwaredevelopmentare:Requirementsysisanddefinition;Systemdesign;Programdesign;Writingprograms;Unittesting;Integrationtesting;Systemtesting;Systemdelivery;Maintenance.6Points.TheadvantagesofusingtheincrementalmodelanditerativeTrainingcanbeginonanearlyrelease,evenifsomefunctionsareMarketscanbecreatedearlyforfunctionalitythathasneverbeforebeenFrequentreleasesallowdeveloperstofixunanticipatedproblemsgloballyandquickly,theyarereportedfromtheoperationalThedevelopmentteamcanfocusondifferentareasofexpertisewithdifferent6Points.Themaincharacteristicsofobjectorientationare:identity, classification,encapsulation,inheritance,polymorphism,andpersistence.6points.Threecategoriesare:a.Requirementsthatabsoluymustbemet. Requirementsthatarehighlydesirablebutnotnecessary.c.Requirementsthatarepossiblebutcouldbeeliminated.Why:Theysisofrequirementsbycategoryishelpfultoallpartiesinunderstandingwhatisreallyneeded.Itisalsousefulwhenasoftwaredevelopmentprojectisconstrainedbytime