2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号92

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hisscheduleisjammedwithmeetingsandothersortsofevents;Iverymuchdoubtthathewillhavetimetoattendtheannualdramafestivalonourcampus.

问题1选项

A.jammedwithmeetings

B.verymuchdoubt

C.havetimetoattend

D.onourcampus

E.没有问题

【答案】E

2.填空题

（1）tothelaw,（2）driversmusthavealicence.

Anyonewhodriveswithoutalicenceis（3）thelaw.

【答案】1.According

2.all

3.breaking

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根据，按照。

2.语义题。句意:所有司机都必须有驾照。

3.固定搭配。breakthelaw违法。根据句意此处需要用现在进行时。

3.单选题

ComparingwithotherAsiancountries,Chinasuffersfromthegreatestgapbetweenitsdevelopmentneedsanditsactualwaterresources.

问题1选项

A.Comparingwithother

B.from

C.gapbetweenits

D.itsactualwaterresources

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】语法错误。考查非谓语动词。Comparingwithother改为Comparedwithother,当表示被动时，非谓语动词需用过去分词的形式。

4.单选题

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

问题1选项

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】代词误用。去掉their。句子主语为Chineseculture,根据句子结构推断their指代的是Chineseculture,显然不合适。

5.单选题

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong¬termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

问题1选项

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

问题2选项

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

问题3选项

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

问题4选项

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

问题5选项

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

问题6选项

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思“基于文章A中的陈述，教授Dijk为自己的睡眠实验选择的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的团队要求身体都健康且年龄介于23至31岁的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B项“来自身体发育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被发现的健康问题的年龄群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。”及第三段中“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究显示，每晚睡眠少于5小时的人相比睡好觉的同龄人死于各种原因的风险增加了15%。”的对应关系知B项“为早些时候的研究提供了生物学上的阐明”正确。

3.词义题。claim本意指“要求；声称”及它在第三段的主语分别是“英国工人”和“在美国接受调研的人”,由此推测claim这个词的使用表明研究者对睡眠对声称的睡眠数据不能确定，由此知D项“不能完全确定这些睡眠数据是精确的”正确。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通过使用脑电图传感器，科学家发现每晚睡觉十个小时的人每晚大约睡觉8.5个小时。由此可知A项“用技术方式去算出志愿者们真正睡眠时间是多久”正确。

5.C细节事实题。第二段的第一句指出:这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陈代谢的基因发生的变化可能会引发或加剧如糖尿病或肥胖等情况……,可知c项“可能被睡觉很少的人的基因变化引起或恶化”正确。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我们必须小心避免去推广这些发现，如不能将这些发现推广到习惯六小时睡眠而对自己睡眠满意人身上),可知A项“告诫读者不要从教授Dijk的发现上推断太多”正确。

6.填空题

Theradioisn’tloud（1）.Couldyouturnit（2）please?

【答案】enough;up

【解析】1.语义题。句意:收音机的声音还不够大。请你调大一点，可以吗？此空应填一个后置定语,故填enough符合句意。

2.固定搭配。Turnup调大音量。

7.单选题

Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

问题1选项

A.issome475

B.inthenorthwestof

C.whileVancouver,only200

D.evenclosertoamajorAmericancity

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】介词误用。去掉in,此处表示位于西北方向（一般用tothenorthwestofsomewhere）,shi大致方向,并非指具体位置。

8.单选题

TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

问题1选项

A.shockedmeabout

B.whenhewalkedintothe

C.namely

D.hadimagined.

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】人称代词误用。he改为she。句中queen（女王）指的是女性。

9.填空题

Onourcyclingtourwemanagedtocoveranaverage（1）ofabout25kilometers（2）day.

【答案】1.distance;

2.a/per

【解析】1.语义题。由后面的about25kilometers推测此处填distance。

2.语法分析。第二空填冠词a或介词per合适。

10.单选题

WeareundertakingasurveytoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheeducationalsystemthatexistsinChinatodayanswerstheneedsofsociety.

问题1选项

A.areundertaking

B.theextenttowhich

C.answers

D.ofsociety

E.没有问题

【答案】E

11.单选题

1Formillionsofyears,BritainwaspartoftheEuropeancontinent.Ahighridgeoflimestone—nowfamouslyexposedasthechalkycliffsofDover-extendedallthewaytowhatisnowFrance,allowingmammoths,hippopotamiandeventuallyhumanstopassfreelybackandforth.Butabout450,000yearsago,thisrockyroadwascutoffbyafloodofunimaginableproportions.Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailedevidenceofhowthistorrentofdestructionwasunleashed.“They’vemanagedtoidentify...howtheridgewasbreached,”saysgeologistPhilipGibbardoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudy.“I'mquiteenthusiastic.”

2TheideathatenormousfloodsquicklycarvedpartsoftheEnglishChannelwasfirstproposedin1985.Atthetime,geologistAlecSmithofBedfordCollegeinLondonnoticedlarge,interweavingscourmarksonmapsoftheEnglishChannelseafloor.HerecognizedthatthepatternsoferosionresembledthoseoftheChanneledScablands,ahighlyerodedlandscape-stark,barrenandwithlittlesoil—ineasternWashingtonstateinthenorthwesternUS.Thelandscapewasformedbyfloodsfromglaciallakesthatbursttheiricydamsbetween15,000and18,000yearsago.

3SimilarglaciershaveexistedinEurope.Some450,000yearsago,amassiveicesheetspannedScandinavia,reachingdownintonorthernEuropeandmuchofwhataretodaytheBritishIsles.Hemmedinbytheicewasalargeglaciallake.Nooneknowsexactlyhowbigitwas,butitmayhavebeenseveralhundredkilometerswide,anditlikelyfilledthesouthernpartoftheNorthSea.Becausesomuchwaterwasstoredonlandasicesheets,sealevelsarethoughttohavebeenabout120meterslowerthantoday,exposingthebottomofwhatisnowtheEnglishChannel.

4Withthechalkridgeformingadamtothesouth,andtheRhineandotherriversflowingintotheglaciallake,thewaterwouldhavekeptrising.Smithproposedthatthelakewouldeventuallyhavecascadedoverthechalkcliffs.Asevidence,hepointedtolarge,deeppitsatthebaseoftheformerridge—“plungepools”thatwereformedbytheforceofthewaterfallsandlaterfilledinwithsediment.Thescourmarksonthechannelbottomwouldhavebeencarvedbyavastfloodrichindebris.Stillunknownwaswhatunleashedthedeluge.

5Thedramaticideawasthenforgottenformanyyears.“Idon'tthinkmanypeoplebelievedit,”saysSanjeevGupta,ageologistatImperialCollegeLondon.(Smith,whoretiredafewyearsafterfloatinghisidea,diedin2015.)“Ifsmith'shypothesisnowwinsgeneralacceptance,thenthedecadesofdelaywillbeoddlysimilartothedecadesittookfortheoriginoftheChanneledScablandstobeaccepted.WhenthegeologistsJTPardeeandHarlenBretzfirstarguedthatthe

Scablandsweretheproductofashortcatastrophicfloodofhugeproportions,ittookalmostfortyyearstowinovertheirfellowearthscientists.”

6NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration.WithdatafromBritish,BelgianandFrenchresearchvessels,theteamputtogetheraclearpictureofsevenplungepoolsonthechannelfloor(seemapbelow),eachnearlyakilometerwideandupto140metersdeep—evenlargerthanSmithhadestimated.“It'sclearthatthescaleisreallyfargreaterthanoriginallyimagined,”Gibbardsays,“Theplungepoolswereenormous.”

7Thewaterfallspouringfromthelakemighthavebeen50metershighortaller,Guptasays,althoughitisdifficulttoknow.Therelentlesspoundingofthecascadesmayhavespunlargeblocksofstoneinsidethepoolsatthebottom,drillingintothebedrock.Allthisdiggingmighthavefatallyweakenedtheridge,eventuallycausingittofail,GuptaandcolleaguesproposetodayinNatureCommunications.“Ithinkthey’veworkedoutanintelligentaccountofhowthismayhavehappened,”saysKimCohen,ageologistatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.

8Itisnotyetpossibletoknowhowlongittookthewaterfallstoerodethechalkridge,Guptasays.Theonlywaytotellwouldbetocollectsamplesbydrillingintothesedimentsthatlaterfilledinthepools.Butthatisatrickyproposition,giventhebusytrafficoftheshippingchannelanditsstrongcurrents,"it’sadangerousareatodogeologicalresearchin,"saysGibbard,notingthatjustgettingthenewsubmarineimageswasanaccomplishment.

9Theimagesalsoclarifytheextentoferosionfromanotherroundofcatastrophicfloodingduringasubsequenticeage.Again,theevidenceissubmerged,becausesealevelismuchhighertoday.Butperhaps160,000yearsago—thetimingisuncertain—hugefloodsdugoutwhatisknownastheLobourgChannel,whichtheimagesrevealedtobeabout10kilometerswideand20metersdeep.Thiswasprobablythefinalbreachoftheremnantsofchalkridge,Guptasays.

10Thesetwindisastersmeanttroubleforancientcommuters.ThisisbecausetheyputtravelbetweenBritainandEuropeatthemercyofsealevel.Previously,whentheseasroseandcoveredthefloorofthechannel,thechalkridgewouldstillhavebeenpassable.Butwhenthefirstcatastrophicfloodtorethrough,Britainwascutoffforthefirsttime.(Ofcourse,whensealevelfellenough,theEnglishChannelwouldhavebeendryagainDespiteamajorriverflowingtothesouthwest,animalsandpeoplecouldpassbackandfortheasily.

11Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago.And—nowthattheUnited

KingdomhasofficiallyannounceditsintentiontosevertieswiththeEuropeanUnion--itwillbecomeevenmoreofone.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,Britainhasbeenmoreorlessthegeographicislandthatweknowitastodaysince（

）.

2.TheauthortellsusthatPhilipGibbardwasnotinvolvedinthestudybeingreportedonhere.Hemostprobablydoesthisinorderto（

）.

3.EarlierresearchontheoriginoftheChannelScablandsofeasternWashingtonwaspresumablyusefultoAlecSmithinthatit（

）.

4.Somethingseemstobemissingfromthetextofthisarticleasitisprintedhere.Themissingitemis（

）.

5.IsPhilipGribbardoptimisticaboutthelikelihoodthatwewillsoonknowhowlongittookwaterfallstoerodethechalkridgementionedinparagraphs7-10?

6.Thearticleindicatesthat,thankstothenewdataandimages,Guptaandhisfellowresearchershave（

）.

问题1选项

A.450,000yearsago.

B.160,000yearsago.

C.approximately13,000BC.

D.roughly7,000BC.

问题2选项

A.showthatGibbard’sopinionsshouldbeviewedwithcaution

B.lendgreaterweighttoGibbard'sopinionsandinput

C.distinguishGibbard’srolefromthatofSanjeevGupta

D.makeitclearthatmostgeologistsagreewithGuptaandhisteam

问题3选项

A.helpedhimtorecognizethescourmarksontheflooroftheEnglishChannel

B.indicatedthelandscapethatheshouldwatchforaroundtheglaciallakethatcoveredancientBritain

C.showedhowoldthescourmarksmightbe

D.suggestedwhatkindofeventmighthaveproducedthescourmarks

问题4选项

A.achart

B.amap

C.agraph.

D.atableofprehistoricsealeveldata

问题5选项

A.No,becausethemanyshipsandpowerfulcurrentsintheChannelmakeithazardoustodrillthere.

B.No,becausetheplungepoolscarvedoutbytheancientwaterfallsarenowburiedunderverythicklayersofsediment.

C.Yes,becausesubmarineimagesclarifywhicheventscausedhowmucherosionandwhere.

D.Yes,becausesubmarinescannowprovideextremelyvaluableassistanceinthedrillingoperationsthatwillbenecessary

问题6选项

A.provedthatgeologistswererighttodismisssmith'shypothesiswhenitwasproposed32yearsago

B.conclusivelydemonstratedthecorrectnessofsmith'shypothesis

C.shedafavorablenewlightonsmith'shypothesis,butwithsomanynovelfeatures(especiallythemuchgreaterscale)thatitisnowasmuchGupta’sideaassmith’s

D.revivedinterestinSmithshypothesisandmoveditclosertogeneralacceptance

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干问的是:不列颠大约什么时候开始变成我们今天所指的地理岛?第11段首指出:Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago(不列颠大约9000年前成为了一个岛屿)。据此推断,答案为D:大约公元前7000年。

2.作者意图题。根据题干定位至第一段:Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailed…study.“I’mquiteenthusiastic.”(一组研究人员详细地证明了这股毁灭的洪流是如何爆发的。英国剑桥大学的地质学家菲利普•吉布德（PhilipGibbard）说：“他们已经设法确定了……山脊是如何被破坏的。”他没有参与目前的研究。但他说:“我很热情。”)。这里的ateamofresearchers指的是下文中的Cupta和他的团队。这里说PhilipGibbard没有参与目前的研究,D但表明了他的观点。据此推断这么做是为了将他们区分开来。

3.推理判断题。第二段指出:1985年,首次提出了巨大的洪水快速雕刻出英吉利海峡的部分地区的观点。地质学家AlecSmith研究英吉利海峡海底大片交织的冲刷痕,这和华盛顿东部由冰川湖的洪水形成的ChanneledScablands地貌很相似，据此推测:英吉利海峡冲刷痕可能是同样的原因（洪水）形成的。

4.细节事实题。第六段括号处(seemapbelow）见下图。可知文章缺失一幅图。

5.细节事实题。Gibbard说：“在这里进行地质研究很危险”。他说，一项成就是获得新的潜艇图像。由此可知对于弄清楚瀑布用多长时间侵蚀着白垩山脊，Gibbard并不乐观，因为海峡里的许多船只和强大的水流使得在那里钻洞是危险的”。

6.推理判断题。第六段:NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration(现在，Gupta和他的同事们对（AlecSmith）灾难性的分裂的想法重新严肃考虑)。接下来说根据数据,研究小组对在英吉利海峡海底的7个水池进行了清晰的描述。由此可知，基于新的数据和图片，Gupta和他的同事们“为Smith的假设提供了一个有利的新线索。故选C:为史密斯的假设提供了一个很好的新线索，但由于有如此多的新特点（尤其是更大的规模），以至于Smith的假设现在成了Gupta的观点。

12.单选题

WhenIputthebeautifullydecoratedgiftcanisterintoMr.Kang'shands,hethankedmeeffusivelyforsendinghimsuchhigh-qualitytea.

问题1选项

A.WhenIputthebeautifully

B.decoratedgiftcanisterinto

C.effusively

D.sending

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】动词误用。由前面的关键词“IoMr.Kang’shands”知这里的sending(派遣,打发,发送)应该改为giving(赠送;赠与;送给)更符合语境。

13.单选题

Itriedtocontrolmytemperandfocusonourbusiness,butintheendIdecidedthatIhadtodiscussaboutthematterwiththepeoplewhohadoverchargedus.

问题1选项

A.focusonourbusiness

B.intheend

C.discussaboutthematter

D.whohadoverchargedus

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。介词多余。去掉about。discuss是及物动词,后面不需要接介词about。

14.填空题

A:Silviahassuggested（1）tothecinemathisevening.Howdoyoufeel（2）that?

B:Totellthe（3）,I’mnotreallyinthe（4）togooutagain.It'sbeenalongday.

Wouldyou（5）spendingaquieteveningathome（6）?

A:No,notreally.I’llphoneSilviaandtellherthatwe’llgooutwithherother

（7）

night.

【答案】going;about;truth;mood;mind;together;the

【解析】句意:

一一西尔维娅提议今晚去电影院。你觉得怎样？

一一实话说，我真的不想出去了。你介意一起在家里度过安静的一晚吗？

一一不会的。我给西尔维娅打电话告诉她我们改天晚上再跟她出去吧。

1.语义题。句意为:西尔维娅提议今晚去电影院。空前为suggest后面接doingsth.,故填going。

2.固定搭配。feelaboutsth.认为,感觉。

3.常用语。totellthetruth实话说。

4.固定搭配。inthemoodtodosth.有兴趣做某事。

5.常用语。wouldyouminddoingsth.是否介意做某事。

6.语义题。句意为:你介意一起在家里度过安静的一晚吗?故填together。

7.语法分析。Theothernight表示“另一晚”。

15.填空题

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.

Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment现在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回电话。

3.语义题。此处表示二十分钟后。

16.单选题

Isevolutionpredictable,orwasitheavilyshapedbyrandomevents?Biologistshavearguedoverthisquestionfordecades.Somesuggestthatifwereplayedthehistoryoflifeonourplanet,theresultingspecieswouldbedifferent.Opponentscounterthatlifeislargelydeterministic.

Recently,researchershavebeguntoaskthesamequestionsaboutrocks.Some5,000mineralshavebeenfoundonEarth.Butmineralsdidn’tsimplyappearallatoncewhentheEarthformed.Theymaterializedovertime,eachcrystalarisinginresponsetotheconditionsoftheparticularepochinwhichitformed.Mineralsevolved—insomecases,inresponsetolife.Soaretoday’smineralsapredictableconsequenceoftheplanet’schemicalmakeup,ortheresultofchanceevents?Whatifweweretospotanotherearth-likeplanetinthecosmos--wouldweexpectitsgemstonestomatchours,orwouldtheyshineinwaysneverseenbefore?

RobertHazen,amineralphysicistattheCarnegieInstitutionofWashington,andhiscolleaguesarepublishingaseriesofpapersthisyearthatrevealbroadinsightsintowhethergeologyisamatteroffate.MineralsonEarthmayindeedhavebeenguidedbydeterministicrulesthatcouldapplytootherworldsaswell,theyfound.Butourplanetisrifewithextremelyrareminerals,whichsuggeststhatchanceoccurrencesalsoplayasignificantpart.Inaddition,ifwefoundanearth-liketwinelsewhereintheuniverse,manycommonmineralswouldlikelybethesame~butthatplanetwouldprobablyalsoholdmanymineralsunlikeanyexistinghere.

Thefindingsaren’tjustamatterofcuriosity.Somemineralsmayhavehelpedearlyorganismsemerge.Andunderstandingwhichmineralscouldhaveformedonearth-likeplanetsmayhelpscientistsbetterpredictwhichworldsarelikeliesttoharborlife.Conversely,somemineralsariseonlyinthepresenceoforganisms.SofindingpatternsinEarth’smineraldistributioncouldhelpscientistsidentifyamineralogicalsignatureforlife,andthensearchforitonotherplanets

Traditionally,mineralogyhasbeendominatedbyanalysisofthestructuresandformationofindividualminerals.Butina2008studyHazenandhiscolleaguestookamorehistoricalview.Theresearchersassessedearth’sknownmineralsandtriedtoestablishwhentheconditionswererightfortheirformation.Theteamconcludedthatabouttwo-thirdsofearth’smineralswouldnothaveemergeduntillifewaspresent.Forexample,earlymicroorganismsseededtheatmospherewithoxygen,whichinteractedwithexistingmineralstoyieldnewones.Hazenpointsoutthatthisso-calledGreatOxygenationEventhadarevolutionaryimpact,openingthedoortothousandsofnewminerals.

Hazenandcollaboratorsthensetouttoinvestigatetherolethatchanceplayedinmineralformation.First,theystudiedtherelationbetweenmineraldiversityandtheabundanceofindividualelementsinearth’scrust.Theyfoundthatthemoreabundanttheelement,themoremineralsitformed.Theythenperformedthesameexercisewithmineralsfromthemoon.Asimilarrelationshipheld,eventhoughthenumberofknownmineralsthereismuchsmaller.Thiscommontrendsuggestedanelementofdeterminism:Givenstartingchemicalconditions,onecouldpredict,toacertainextent,whichmineralswouldform.

Theteamdidfindoutliers,however,Hazen’steambelievestherearechemicalreasonsforthediscrepancies.Theirresultsstillsupporttheideaofdeterminism,saidco-authorEdwardGrew,apetrologistattheUniversityofMaine,because“wecanexplainwhythey’renotobeyingtherules.”PeterHeaney,amineralogistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,saidthatthereasonsgivenfortheoutliersmakesense.“WhatisimportantisthatHazenismakingusthinkaboutmineraldiversificationinanewway,”saidHeaney,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

Haran’steamalsofoundevidencefortheroleofchance.Theresearchersusedacrowd-sourceddatabasetoretrievemorethan650,000mineralostentationsatspecificlocationsaroundtheworld:22%ofallmineralswerereportedinonlyoneplace,12%inonlytwoplaces.Thepresenceofsomanyextremeraritiessuggeststhatrandomnessdoesplayarole,saidNASAastrobiologistChrisMcKay,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“That’sthehallmarkofchanceevents.”Theseraremineralsmightappearonlyunderfortuitouscircumstances,e.g.anunusualassemblyofrocksthatconcentrateselementstogether.

Whatwouldhappenifearth’shistorywerereplayed?Thereareabout15,300plausiblewaystocombinenaturallyoccurringelementintouniqueminerals,theresearchersestimate.Inarerunofearth,theysay,atleastone-quarteroftheplanet’sroughly5,000mineralswouldcomeoutdifferently.Inaddition,thelikelihoodthatanotherplanethasexactlythesamesetofmineralsasEarthislessthan1in10.Inother