2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号93

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

问题1选项

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.没有问题

【答案】E

2.单选题

AtthemomentI’mreadinganF.D.A.reportthatsummarizesthedebateontheresponsibilityofvariousagriculturalandmanufacturingcorporationsforthespreadofmercurypollutioninfoodproducts.

问题1选项

A.Atthemoment

B.anF.D.A.report

C.debateon

D.variousagriculturalandmanufacturing

E.没有错误

【答案】E

3.填空题

13.Wearehavingsome（1）withthemachinethatweimported（2）Japanlastyear.Ithas（3）downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave（4）toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto（5）it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave（6）completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea（7）,wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.

句意:

我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。它已经发生过两次故障了。每次故障发生时，我们都不得不让日方派技术员来北京修理它。好消息是我们自己的技术员己经结束了他们在东京的培训。下次该机器再有故障时，我们就不需要邀请日本专家了。

【答案】1.trouble

2.from

3.broken

4.had

5.repair

6.already

7.breakdown

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。

2.固定搭配。importedfrom从…进口。

3.固定搭配。breakdown损坏，分解，发生故障，分词为brokendown。

4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加动词过去分词表完成时态，故这里应填had。

5.语义题。修理用repair。

6.语义题。Havealready已经。

7.语义题。haveabreakdown损坏,出故障。

4.单选题

Finallyheloweredhisevesinashowofrespectandsaid,"Thatroomisreservedforhonoredguestsfromrichcountries."IwassoshockingthatIdidn'tknowhowtoreply.

问题1选项

A.loweredhisevesin

B.ashowofrespect

C.honoredguests

D.wassoshocking

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】形容词误用。shocking改为shocked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且说:"那个房间时专门招待富裕国家的尊客。"我感到非常震惊,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking令人震惊的。shocked感到震惊的。

5.填空题

WhileIwasastudent,I（1）manystoriesaboutthevalueofEnglishforone’scareer,butIthoughttheywereirrelevant（2）thelifethatIhadplannedformyself.Inthat（3）Iwassimilartomanyoftoday'sstudents.Aftergraduating,I（4）howaccuratethosestorieswere.I（5）manyopportunitiesbecausemyEnglishwassopoor,（6）Ifinallydecidedto"correct*'myearliermistake.OnedayI（7）atutorandbegantostudy

Englishseriously-asatoolofrealcommunication,notameretestsubject―forthefirst（8）inmylife.Thisturned（9）tobeoneofthebestdecisionsthatI’ve

（10）made.AfterI（11）myattitudetowardthelanguage,Ireallystartedtoenjoyusingit,andasa（12）Imaderapid（13）init.Sincethenmycareerhasbenefitedgreatly（14）mynewabilitytouseEnglishactively.

【答案】1.heard

2.to

3.respect

4.realized

5.lost

6.so

7.got

8.time

9.out

10.ever

11.changed

12.result

13.progress

14.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hearstoryabout听关于…的故事。而且这里应该用过去式。

2.固定搭配。beirrelevanttosth.与某事无关。

3.语义题。句意:在这方面，我和今天的许多学生很相似。

4.语义题。句意:我意识到这些故事是多么准确。

5.固定搭配。Loseopportunities失去机会。这里应该用过去式。

6.逻辑分析。空格前后句子为因果关系:英语不好，我失去了很多机会。因此,我决定纠正之前的错误。

7.固定搭配。getatutor请家教。这里应用一般过去时态。

8.固定搭配。Forthefirsttime第一次。

9.固定搭配。turnouttobe结果是,证明是。

10.语义题。句意:我曾经做的最好决定之一。

11.语义题。句意:在我改变对英语的态度后。

12.固定搭配。asaresult结果。

13.固定搭配。Makeprogressin在…方面取得巨大进步。

14.固定搭配。benefitfromsth.受益于…。

6.填空题

[Attheairport]

A:Uh-oh!OurflighttoFrankfurthasbeen（1）till16:30.That’sthreehourslaterthanscheduled.

B:Yes,andit（2）thatwe’llmissourconnectingflighttoMadrid.Thisissoannoying!

Let’sgotalktotheairlinerepresentativesandseeifthereis（3）flighttoMadridthattheycanputuson.

【答案】delayed;means;another

【解析】句意:（在机场）

一一噢，我们到法兰克福的飞机延迟到下午四点半了。这比原计划要晚了三个小时。

__是的，这也就意味着我们将错过飞往马德里的转接班机。这太让人恼火了。我们过去问问航空公司代表，看现在是否有其它去马德里的航班，能让我们上。

1.语义题。根据后面的句意(这比原计划要晚了三个小时)推测此处应表示“延迟”,空前为hasbeen,所以填delay的过去分词delayed。

2.语义题。第二空根据前面的场景可知前一班飞机的晚点也就“意味着”赶不上下一班飞机，填means。

3.语义题。第三空是指向航空公司代表询问现在是否有其它班次的航班可以乘坐，填another。

7.单选题

1Formillionsofyears,BritainwaspartoftheEuropeancontinent.Ahighridgeoflimestone—nowfamouslyexposedasthechalkycliffsofDover-extendedallthewaytowhatisnowFrance,allowingmammoths,hippopotamiandeventuallyhumanstopassfreelybackandforth.Butabout450,000yearsago,thisrockyroadwascutoffbyafloodofunimaginableproportions.Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailedevidenceofhowthistorrentofdestructionwasunleashed.“They’vemanagedtoidentify...howtheridgewasbreached,”saysgeologistPhilipGibbardoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudy.“I'mquiteenthusiastic.”

2TheideathatenormousfloodsquicklycarvedpartsoftheEnglishChannelwasfirstproposedin1985.Atthetime,geologistAlecSmithofBedfordCollegeinLondonnoticedlarge,interweavingscourmarksonmapsoftheEnglishChannelseafloor.HerecognizedthatthepatternsoferosionresembledthoseoftheChanneledScablands,ahighlyerodedlandscape-stark,barrenandwithlittlesoil—ineasternWashingtonstateinthenorthwesternUS.Thelandscapewasformedbyfloodsfromglaciallakesthatbursttheiricydamsbetween15,000and18,000yearsago.

3SimilarglaciershaveexistedinEurope.Some450,000yearsago,amassiveicesheetspannedScandinavia,reachingdownintonorthernEuropeandmuchofwhataretodaytheBritishIsles.Hemmedinbytheicewasalargeglaciallake.Nooneknowsexactlyhowbigitwas,butitmayhavebeenseveralhundredkilometerswide,anditlikelyfilledthesouthernpartoftheNorthSea.Becausesomuchwaterwasstoredonlandasicesheets,sealevelsarethoughttohavebeenabout120meterslowerthantoday,exposingthebottomofwhatisnowtheEnglishChannel.

4Withthechalkridgeformingadamtothesouth,andtheRhineandotherriversflowingintotheglaciallake,thewaterwouldhavekeptrising.Smithproposedthatthelakewouldeventuallyhavecascadedoverthechalkcliffs.Asevidence,hepointedtolarge,deeppitsatthebaseoftheformerridge—“plungepools”thatwereformedbytheforceofthewaterfallsandlaterfilledinwithsediment.Thescourmarksonthechannelbottomwouldhavebeencarvedbyavastfloodrichindebris.Stillunknownwaswhatunleashedthedeluge.

5Thedramaticideawasthenforgottenformanyyears.“Idon'tthinkmanypeoplebelievedit,”saysSanjeevGupta,ageologistatImperialCollegeLondon.(Smith,whoretiredafewyearsafterfloatinghisidea,diedin2015.)“Ifsmith'shypothesisnowwinsgeneralacceptance,thenthedecadesofdelaywillbeoddlysimilartothedecadesittookfortheoriginoftheChanneledScablandstobeaccepted.WhenthegeologistsJTPardeeandHarlenBretzfirstarguedthatthe

Scablandsweretheproductofashortcatastrophicfloodofhugeproportions,ittookalmostfortyyearstowinovertheirfellowearthscientists.”

6NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration.WithdatafromBritish,BelgianandFrenchresearchvessels,theteamputtogetheraclearpictureofsevenplungepoolsonthechannelfloor(seemapbelow),eachnearlyakilometerwideandupto140metersdeep—evenlargerthanSmithhadestimated.“It'sclearthatthescaleisreallyfargreaterthanoriginallyimagined,”Gibbardsays,“Theplungepoolswereenormous.”

7Thewaterfallspouringfromthelakemighthavebeen50metershighortaller,Guptasays,althoughitisdifficulttoknow.Therelentlesspoundingofthecascadesmayhavespunlargeblocksofstoneinsidethepoolsatthebottom,drillingintothebedrock.Allthisdiggingmighthavefatallyweakenedtheridge,eventuallycausingittofail,GuptaandcolleaguesproposetodayinNatureCommunications.“Ithinkthey’veworkedoutanintelligentaccountofhowthismayhavehappened,”saysKimCohen,ageologistatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.

8Itisnotyetpossibletoknowhowlongittookthewaterfallstoerodethechalkridge,Guptasays.Theonlywaytotellwouldbetocollectsamplesbydrillingintothesedimentsthatlaterfilledinthepools.Butthatisatrickyproposition,giventhebusytrafficoftheshippingchannelanditsstrongcurrents,"it’sadangerousareatodogeologicalresearchin,"saysGibbard,notingthatjustgettingthenewsubmarineimageswasanaccomplishment.

9Theimagesalsoclarifytheextentoferosionfromanotherroundofcatastrophicfloodingduringasubsequenticeage.Again,theevidenceissubmerged,becausesealevelismuchhighertoday.Butperhaps160,000yearsago—thetimingisuncertain—hugefloodsdugoutwhatisknownastheLobourgChannel,whichtheimagesrevealedtobeabout10kilometerswideand20metersdeep.Thiswasprobablythefinalbreachoftheremnantsofchalkridge,Guptasays.

10Thesetwindisastersmeanttroubleforancientcommuters.ThisisbecausetheyputtravelbetweenBritainandEuropeatthemercyofsealevel.Previously,whentheseasroseandcoveredthefloorofthechannel,thechalkridgewouldstillhavebeenpassable.Butwhenthefirstcatastrophicfloodtorethrough,Britainwascutoffforthefirsttime.(Ofcourse,whensealevelfellenough,theEnglishChannelwouldhavebeendryagainDespiteamajorriverflowingtothesouthwest,animalsandpeoplecouldpassbackandfortheasily.

11Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago.And—nowthattheUnited

KingdomhasofficiallyannounceditsintentiontosevertieswiththeEuropeanUnion--itwillbecomeevenmoreofone.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,Britainhasbeenmoreorlessthegeographicislandthatweknowitastodaysince（

）.

2.TheauthortellsusthatPhilipGibbardwasnotinvolvedinthestudybeingreportedonhere.Hemostprobablydoesthisinorderto（

）.

3.EarlierresearchontheoriginoftheChannelScablandsofeasternWashingtonwaspresumablyusefultoAlecSmithinthatit（

）.

4.Somethingseemstobemissingfromthetextofthisarticleasitisprintedhere.Themissingitemis（

）.

5.IsPhilipGribbardoptimisticaboutthelikelihoodthatwewillsoonknowhowlongittookwaterfallstoerodethechalkridgementionedinparagraphs7-10?

6.Thearticleindicatesthat,thankstothenewdataandimages,Guptaandhisfellowresearchershave（

）.

问题1选项

A.450,000yearsago.

B.160,000yearsago.

C.approximately13,000BC.

D.roughly7,000BC.

问题2选项

A.showthatGibbard’sopinionsshouldbeviewedwithcaution

B.lendgreaterweighttoGibbard'sopinionsandinput

C.distinguishGibbard’srolefromthatofSanjeevGupta

D.makeitclearthatmostgeologistsagreewithGuptaandhisteam

问题3选项

A.helpedhimtorecognizethescourmarksontheflooroftheEnglishChannel

B.indicatedthelandscapethatheshouldwatchforaroundtheglaciallakethatcoveredancientBritain

C.showedhowoldthescourmarksmightbe

D.suggestedwhatkindofeventmighthaveproducedthescourmarks

问题4选项

A.achart

B.amap

C.agraph.

D.atableofprehistoricsealeveldata

问题5选项

A.No,becausethemanyshipsandpowerfulcurrentsintheChannelmakeithazardoustodrillthere.

B.No,becausetheplungepoolscarvedoutbytheancientwaterfallsarenowburiedunderverythicklayersofsediment.

C.Yes,becausesubmarineimagesclarifywhicheventscausedhowmucherosionandwhere.

D.Yes,becausesubmarinescannowprovideextremelyvaluableassistanceinthedrillingoperationsthatwillbenecessary

问题6选项

A.provedthatgeologistswererighttodismisssmith'shypothesiswhenitwasproposed32yearsago

B.conclusivelydemonstratedthecorrectnessofsmith'shypothesis

C.shedafavorablenewlightonsmith'shypothesis,butwithsomanynovelfeatures(especiallythemuchgreaterscale)thatitisnowasmuchGupta’sideaassmith’s

D.revivedinterestinSmithshypothesisandmoveditclosertogeneralacceptance

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干问的是:不列颠大约什么时候开始变成我们今天所指的地理岛?第11段首指出:Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago(不列颠大约9000年前成为了一个岛屿)。据此推断,答案为D:大约公元前7000年。

2.作者意图题。根据题干定位至第一段:Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailed…study.“I’mquiteenthusiastic.”(一组研究人员详细地证明了这股毁灭的洪流是如何爆发的。英国剑桥大学的地质学家菲利普•吉布德（PhilipGibbard）说：“他们已经设法确定了……山脊是如何被破坏的。”他没有参与目前的研究。但他说:“我很热情。”)。这里的ateamofresearchers指的是下文中的Cupta和他的团队。这里说PhilipGibbard没有参与目前的研究,D但表明了他的观点。据此推断这么做是为了将他们区分开来。

3.推理判断题。第二段指出:1985年,首次提出了巨大的洪水快速雕刻出英吉利海峡的部分地区的观点。地质学家AlecSmith研究英吉利海峡海底大片交织的冲刷痕,这和华盛顿东部由冰川湖的洪水形成的ChanneledScablands地貌很相似，据此推测:英吉利海峡冲刷痕可能是同样的原因（洪水）形成的。

4.细节事实题。第六段括号处(seemapbelow）见下图。可知文章缺失一幅图。

5.细节事实题。Gibbard说：“在这里进行地质研究很危险”。他说，一项成就是获得新的潜艇图像。由此可知对于弄清楚瀑布用多长时间侵蚀着白垩山脊，Gibbard并不乐观，因为海峡里的许多船只和强大的水流使得在那里钻洞是危险的”。

6.推理判断题。第六段:NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration(现在，Gupta和他的同事们对（AlecSmith）灾难性的分裂的想法重新严肃考虑)。接下来说根据数据,研究小组对在英吉利海峡海底的7个水池进行了清晰的描述。由此可知，基于新的数据和图片，Gupta和他的同事们“为Smith的假设提供了一个有利的新线索。故选C:为史密斯的假设提供了一个很好的新线索，但由于有如此多的新特点（尤其是更大的规模），以至于Smith的假设现在成了Gupta的观点。

8.单选题

1.Inthepastfewyears,evenastheUShaspulledoutoftheGreatRecessionof2008,someeconomistsandtechnologistshavewarnedthattheeconomyisnearatippingpoint.Whentheyexaminelabor-marketdata,theyseetroublingsigns,maskedfornowbyacyclicalrecovery.Theyseeautomationhighandlow—robotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter.Theyimagineself-drivingcarsandAmazondeliverydronesdottingthesky,replacingmillionsofdrivers,warehouseStockersandsalesworkers.Theyobservethatthecapabilitiesofmachinescontinuetogrowexponentially,whileourownremainthesame.Andtheywonder:Isanyjobtrulysafe?

2.Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines.Theyimaginethedisappearanceofdrudgeryanditsreplacementbygreaterleisureandalmostlimitlesspersonalfreedom.Ifthecapabilitiesofcomputerscontinuetomultiplywhilethe

priceofcomputingcontinuestofall,thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome.

3.Butthewidespreaddisappearanceofworkwouldopenthewayforasocialtransformationunlikeanywe’veseen.Savingworkmaybemoreimportantthansavinganyparticularjob.IndustriousnesshasservedasAmerica’sunofficialreligionsinceitsfounding.Thesanctityandpreeminenceofworklieattheheartofthecountry’spolitics,economicsandsocialinteractions.Whatmighthappenifworkgoesaway?

4.TheUSlaborforcehasbeenshapedbytechnologicalprogress.Agriculturaltechnologygavebirthtothefarmingindustry,theindustrialrevolutionmovedpeopleintofactories,andthenglobalizationandautomationmovedthembackout,givingrisetoaserviceeconomy.Butthroughallthesechanges,thetotalnumberofjobsalwaysincreased.Whatmaybeloomingisaneraoftechnologicalunemploymentinwhichtheinventionsofcomputerscientistsandsoftwareengineersshrinkthetotalnumberofjobspermanently.

5.Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency.InthemidstoftheGreatDepression,theBritisheconomistJMKeynesforecastthatby2030technologicalprogresswouldallowa15-hourworkweek,andabundantleisure.Butaroundthesametime,USPresidentHooveralsoreceivedaletterwarningthatindustrialtechnologywasa“monster”thatthreatenedtoupendmanufacturing,“devouringourcivilization”.Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape.

6.AccordingtoPeterFrase,theauthorofFourFutures,anewbookabouthowautomationwillchangeAmerica,workisreallythreethingsthemeansbywhichtheeconomyproducesgoods,themeansbywhichpeopleearnincome,andanactivitythatlendsmeaningorpurposetomanypeople’slives.“Wetendtoconfusethesethings,”hetoldme,“becausetodayweneedtopaypeopletokeepthelightson,sotospeak.Butinafutureofabundance,youwouldn’t,andweoughttothinkaboutwaystomakeiteasiernottobeemployed.”

7.Frasebelongstoasmallgroupofwriters,academicsandeconomistswhowelcometheendoflabor.USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake,”saysBenjaminHunnicutt,anotherofthisgroupandahistorianattheUniversityofIowa,“eventhoughmostjobsaren’tveryuplifting.”A2014Gallupreportonworkersatisfactionfoundthatasmanyas70percentofAmericansdon’tfeelengagedbytheircurrentjob.Hunnicutttoldmethatifacashier’sworkwereavideogame,criticsofvideogamesmightcallitmindless.Butwhenit’sa“job”，politicianspraiseitsintrinsicdignity.“Purpose，meaning,creativity,autonomy-allthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob，”hesaid.

8.Thesethinkersarecertainlyrightaboutsomeimportantthings.Paidlabordoesnotalwayscorrelateneatlywithsocialgood.Raisingchildrenandcaringforthesickareessentialwork,yetthesejobsarecompensatedpoorlyornotatall.Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors:oursenseofpersonalworthcouldcomefromourrelationshipsratherthanfromourcareers.Thepost-workproponentsagreethateveninthebestpost-workscenarios,prideandjealousywillremain,eveninaneconomyofabundance.Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being.Hunnicuttthinkscollegescouldreemergeasculturalcentersratherthanjob-preparationinstitutions.Thewordschool,hepointedout,comesfromskholetheancientGreekwordfor“leisure”.“Weusedtoteachpeoplehowtobefree,”hesaid.“Nowweteachthemhowtowork.”

9.Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople.Fewofthemspendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep.Time-usesurveysshowthatjoblesspeopleintheirthirtiesandfortiesdedicatesomeofthetimeoncespentworkingtocleaningandchildcare.Butmeninparticulardevotemostoftheirfreetimetoleisure:watchingtelevision,browsingtheinternet,andsleeping.Retiredseniorswatchabout50hoursoftelevisionaweek.Theunemployedtheoreticallyhavethemosttimetosocialize,yetstudiesshowthattheyfeelthemostsocialisolation.

10.Mostpeoplewanttoworkandaremiserablewhentheycannot.Peoplewholosetheirjobaremorelikelytosufferfrommentalandphysicalailments.“Thereisalossofstatus,ageneraldepressivefeeling,whichaffectsthebodyorthemindorboth,”saysRalphCatalano,apublic-healthprofessoratUCBerkeley.Researchshowsthatitishardertorecoverfromalongperiodofjoblessnessthanfromlosingalovedoneorsufferingalife-alteringinjury.Theverythingsthathelpmanypeoplerecoverfromotheremotionaltraumas~aroutine,anabsorbingdistraction,adailypurpose-arenotreadilyavailabletotheunemployed.

11.ThetransitionfromlaborforcetoleisureforcewouldlikelybeparticularlyhardonAmericans,theworkerbeesoftherichworld:Between1950and2012,annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEurope—byabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlands-butbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates.Wealthier,university-educatedAmericansareworkingmorethantheydid30yearsago,particularlywhenonecountstimeworkingandansweringe-mailathome.

12.In1989,psychologistsconductedafamousstudyofChicagoworkersthatfoundpeopleatworkoftenwishedtheyweresomewhereelse.Butthesesameworkersreportedfeelingbetterintheofficeorattheplantthantheydidelsewhere.Thetwopsychologistscalledthis“theparadoxofwork”：manypeoplearehappiercomplainingaboutjobsthantheyarewithtoomuchleisure.Otherresearchersdescribepeoplearewhousemediatorelaxbutoftenfeelworthlesswhentheyreflectontheirunproductivedowntime.Thepost-workthinkersarguethatAmericansworksohardbecausetheircultureconditionsthemtofeelguiltywhentheyarenotbeingproductive.Theyassertthatthisguiltwillfadeasworkceasestobethenorm--anuntestablehypothesis.Whenaskedwhatsortofmodemcommunitymostresembleshisidealofapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttadmitted,“I’mnotsurethatsuchaplaceexists.”

1.Inparagraph1,the“operatingroom”（

）.

2.Thewritersmentionedinparagraph2.

3.Inparagraph2,theauthorforeseesafuture.（

）

4.InBritainandAmerica,liberationfromworkhaslongbeenregardedas.

5.Theword“agency”inparagraph5（

）.

6.TheauthorofthearticleseemstobelievethatintheUnitedStatesdedicationtoworkfunctionalmostlikewhatinChinesesociety?

7.（

）.

8.Theauthorofthisarticle（

）.

9.Inorderforhumanstobetrulyhappyaswage-payingjobsceasetobeapartoftheirlives,peoplelikeHunnicuttthinkthatwhoserolewillbeespeciallysignificant?

10.Menwithoutjobsandpensionersaremostsimilarinthattheyspendagreatdealoftime（

）

11.Theauthorofthisarticlewouldprobablyagreethatwhowilladjustmostcomfortablytothedisappearanceofconventionaljobs?

问题1选项

A.iswheremanyofthemostadvancedrobotswillbedesigned.

B.servesasanexampleofautomationinahighlyskilledprofessionalfield.

C.ismentionedtoshowhowintimatethecontactofhumansandrobotswillbe.

D.definestheupperlimitofthechangesthatautomationandroboticswillbringtoourdailylives.

问题2选项

A.aresharplycriticalofpeoplewhofeartheriseofrobot.

B.tendtoapproveofautomationbuthavemixedfeelingaboutrobots.

C.viewautomationandroboticsprimarilyintermsoftheirimpactontheeconomy.

D.tendtoviewtheadvanceofautomationandroboticsinaratheroptimisticlight.

问题3选项

A.ofrisingincomesforpeoplegenerally.

B.ofdramaticallyhigherincomesforalimitednumberofpeople.

C.withdecliningwealthandfallingincomesforaminorityofthepopulation.

D.inwhichthedirectionofeconomicdevelopmentiscompletelyunclear.

问题4选项

A.apurelypositivedevelopment.

B.asimpleconsequenceoftechnicalchange,tobeacceptedcalmly.

C.bothdesirableandthreatening.

D.theroadtorapideconomicandmoralruinforhumanity.

问题5选项

A.referstoourabilityandwilltodetermineourownindividuallives.

B.suggeststhatwithoutjobswewillbecomelazyandirresponsible.

C.referstothecompaniesthatemploymosthumanbeingsintoday’sworld.

D.functionsasasynonymof“income”.

问题6选项

A.Devotiontofamily.

B.DedicationtoGod.

C.Loveofmoney.

D.Devotiontoclosefriends.

问题7选项

A.ishopefulthatautomationwillenableustomakejobstrulyuplifting.

B.thinksthatpeoplewholookdownonvideogamesprobablydon’tenjoyworking.

C.isoftheopinionthatthejobsmostAmericanshavearefarsillierthanvideogames.

D.believesthatAmericanstendtooverestimatethepositivenon-economicvalueofhavingajob.

问题8选项

A.consistentlyrejectstheopinionsofthewriterswholookforwardtoapost-worksociety.

B.tendstoagreewiththeirassessmentofthegenuinevalueofjobsinUSsocietytoday.

C.thinksthathowmodemAmericanswithoutjobsmostoftenbehaveprovideslittlesupportfortheirarguments.

D.thinksthatthetendenciesobservableinthebehaviorofmodemAmericanswithnojobssupportstheirargumentsfairlywell.

问题9选项

A.Thatofsocialpsychologists.

B.Thestates.

C.Thatofeducators,especiallyattheuniversitylevel.

D.Thefamily’s.

问题10选项

A.socializing.

B.watchingtelevision.

C.practicinghobbies.

D.online.

问题11选项

A.Chicagoan.

B.Americanswithuniversitydegrees.

C.Europeans.

D.Male.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:C

【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:Theyseeautomationhighandlowrobotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter。他们可以从高端和低端领域看到自动化的存在一一在操作间以及在快餐柜台的后边”，由此我们可知operatingroom应该是自动化在高端低端领域的运用，因此选择B项(作为自动化在高技术专业领域的实例)。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位至第二段:Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines(科幻作家有时候期待工作场地被机器所替代)。可知他们对于自动化和机器人技术是持积极的态度,因此选D项(倾向于乐观地看待自动化和机器人技术的进步)。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位至最后一段:...thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome(…这意味着许多生活必需品和奢侈品将变得越来越便宜，这对一些人来说是一笔财富)。因此选B项(作者预见将来对于某些人来说收入剧增)。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词BritainandAmerica和liberation定位至第五段:Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape(这些希望与担忧在20世纪60年代是如此急促地回现，当时正值计算机技术改革的时候),因此选C项（既渴望又感受到威胁）。

5.词义题。根据题干定位至第五段:Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency(人们一边希望机器使我们摆脱劳役,一边恐惧机器会夺走我们的代理权)。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第八段:Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors(把工作放到次要的社会，人们可能会把更多的时间用于照顾家庭和邻里上来),可知中国社会应该是“投入到家庭中”的社会,故选A。

7.细节事实题。根据题干关键词BenjaminHunnicutt定位至第七段:USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake(美国社会有一种“为了工作而工作”的非理性信仰)。故选D:认为美国人倾向于高估工作带来的非经济方面的正面价值。

8.态度方向题。题目跟选项给出的是作者的观点态度。需要综合全文理解。根据文中第九段第一句Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople“亨尼科特的观点与目前世界上失业的人所经历的不一样”可知选项C“当代失业的美国人经常表现出来的行为并不能支撑他们的论点”相符，而与选项D“对于所观察到的美国失业人员的行为趋势相当完美地支撑了他们的观点”相矛盾。选项A“一直反对期待把工作放到次要地位的作者的观点”不准确,因为文章作者还是肯定了其存在某些方面的好处；根据第七段Purpose,meaning,creativity,autonomy---allthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob“目标、意义、创新、自主一一所有这些在心理学家看来对于幸福生活必备的因素，但是在一般的工作中缺失”与选项B“倾向于同意他们对于当今美国社会工作真正价值的评估”相矛盾。故本题正确答案为C。

9.细节事实题。定位至第八段:Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being(但是他们相信在政府的正确安排之下，停止雇佣劳动力将会迎来幸福生活的黄金时代),由此可见政府起着关键作用。

10.细节事实题。根据题干关键词menwithoutjobs定位至第九段:Fewofthem

spendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep(他们中很少有人花时间和朋友交往或从事新的爱好。相反，他们看电视或睡觉)。故选B。

11.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位至第十一段:Between1950and2012，annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEurope---byabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlands---butbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates(从1950年到2012年，在整个欧洲，每个工人的年工作时间大幅下降，德国和荷兰下降了40%，而美国仅下降了10%)。由此可知欧洲人对于传统工作的消失能更好地适应。

9.单选题

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehad