2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号20_第1页
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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

问题1选项

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词前的形容词顺序问题。很多个形容词修饰名词,其先后顺序为数量、大小、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、名词性形容词;指示性形容词all,many,some及any均应放在一般修饰性形容词前面;句意:所有早期的灯都是由一根浮在油碗里的灯芯制成的,灯芯的作用原理是毛细管作用。因此只有C项语序正确。

2.单选题

Owingtotheunpredictableweather,thearrangementsaresubjecttochange.

问题1选项

A.supposed

B.about

C.liable

D.bound

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。Besubjectto表示“有……倾向,受支配”;A项besupposedto“被期望,应该”,B项beaboutto“即将,刚要”,C项beliableto“有……倾向,易于”,D项beboundto“必然,一定要”。句意:由于天气变化莫测,安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。

3.单选题

Plantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinanattempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.

问题1选项

A.systematically

B.naturally

C.personally

D.lovingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。methodically表示“有方法地,有系统地”;A项systematically“系统地”,B项naturally“自然地”,C项personally“个人地”,D项lovingly“亲切地,钟爱地”。句意:在温室里培育的植物受到系统地照料,尽可能为它们的生长创造最好的可能条件。根据句意该题选A。

4.单选题

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

问题1选项

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。Thefirstpeople是先行词,在定语从句中作主语,因此who不能省略,故排除B和D,C项用的现在完成时,表示从过去到现在,时态不符,看到“evidenceofhelium”是发生在过去,与后面“aimedat”过去时保持一致,用see的一般过去式即可,句意:最早看到氨迹象的人们还以为是分光镜里面的一条明亮的黄线,当时他们正用分光镜对准太阳,因此A正确。

5.单选题

Theclassactionhasbeenfiledwithacourtafterthecommunity’sconference.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.activity

C.report

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。Classaction在句中表示“集体诉讼,共同诉讼”,action表示诉讼有关的行动,A选项suit“诉讼”;B选项activity“活动”;C选项report“报告”;D选项examination“考试,检查”。句意:集体诉讼经集体商议后被提交给法院。根据句意A项正确。

6.单选题

UncleGeorge’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewillrecover.

问题1选项

A.pullup

B.pullback

C.pullout

D.pullthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。recover表示“恢复”;A项pullup“拔起,阻止”,B项pullback“拉回,撤回”,C项pullout“离开,撤离”,D项pullthrough“渡过难关,恢复健康”。句意:乔治叔叔的情况看来很严重,他能否康复很难说。因此D项正确。

7.单选题

Thecontentsofcumbersometextsmaybeconvenientlystoredonmicrofilm.

问题1选项

A.ancient

B.technical

C.bulky

D.handsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的,累赘的”。A项ancient“古老的”,B项technical“工艺的,艺术的”,C项bulky“体积大的,笨重的”,D项handsome“帅气的”。句意:繁琐的文字内容可以很方便地存储在缩微胶片上。根据题意该题选C。

8.单选题

ForacountrysuchasBritain,______dependsonamanufacturingbasethatcanmeaninefficiency.

问题1选项

A.who

B.it

C.that

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和结构,此处应该是一个非限定性定语从句。先行词在从句中作主语,且不指人,而who指人,that一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句,it不能引导从句;故用which。本句句意是:对于像英国这样依赖于一个制造基地的国家,那样意味着低效率。D选项正确。

9.单选题

InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Fannerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.

Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.

Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalismisn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

46.Bysaying“...ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.

47.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmercanbeused______.

48.Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.

49.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.

50.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat______.

问题1选项

A.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus

B.theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout

C.manysitesarenotwell-protected

D.hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin

问题2选项

A.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites

B.toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem

C.topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsites

D.todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation

问题3选项

A.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsers

B.itcanbreakintoInternetsites

C.itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsites

D.itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent

问题4选项

A.enthusiastic

B.critical

C.positive

D.indifferent

问题5选项

A.weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthened

B.weshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurity

C.influentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecurity

D.netinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternet

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“通过提到‘…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors’(第2段第3-4行),作者的意思是……”。根据第二段第二句中的usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.(用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做的一项最新研究表明,超过一半以上的万维网网站主人建立的家都没有上锁)可知,许多网站没有得到很好的保护;A项“那些快乐的时光似乎还在我们身边”,B项“根本没有什么犯罪需要担心”,D项“黑客们在网站上尝试各种技巧,但实际上并没有入侵网站”都不是作者在这里想表达的。因此C项“许多网站没有得到很好的保护”正确。

47.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“撒旦,一个由DanFarmer设计的程序可以被用来……”。根据第二段第二句usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN(用他自称为‘撒旦’的自动调查程序)和第三段的第一句SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.(“撒旦”可以对网站试验一系列众所周知的黑客攻击而不用真正闯入)可以推断出“撒旦”这个程序是用来检验网站是否安全,B项“完善互联网系统的安全性”,C项“阻止黑客闯入网站”,D项“下载有用的程序和信息”都不是“撒旦”的功能,因此A项“检验网站是否安全”正确。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“Farmer的项目受到了公众的批评,因为……”。根据第三段第三句Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.(一个有邪恶意图的人可以用它来搜索容易被盗窃的网站)可知D项“它可以被恶意的人利用”符合题意。A项“它会对网络浏览器造成损害”,和B项“它可以侵入互联网站点”不是“撒旦”造成的后果,也不是这个项目受到公众批评的真正原因;根据第四段第二行SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.(“撒旦”做的更多的是提醒人们注意风险,而不是引起新的混乱)可知,C项“它可以用来在所有的网站上造成混乱”错误。因此D选项正确。

49.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干意思是“作者对‘撒旦’的态度是……”。倒数第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.(但我们也要看到光明的一面,不考虑安全因素,因特网几乎是世界上最大的没有犯罪的社会)和最后一段第一句说道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.(不管是什么原因,让我们在还能享受的时候尽情享受吧),由此可推断作者对“撒旦”的态度是积极的,因此C项“积极的”正确。A项“热心的”,B项“批评的”和D项“漠不关心的”都不符合。因此选C正确。

50.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“文章最后一段……”。倒数第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.(但我们也要看到光明的一面,不考虑安全因素,因特网几乎是世界上最大的没有犯罪的社会)和最后一段第一句说道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.(不管是什么原因,让我们在还能享受的时候尽情享受吧),由此可推断作者对“撒旦”的态度是积极的,因此C项“积极的”正确。A项“热心的”,B项“批评的”和D项“漠不关心的”都不符合。因此选C正确。

10.单选题

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps20percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nevercellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

47.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

48.AllofthefollowingstatementsareTRUEexceptthat______.

49.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

50.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemade______.

问题1选项

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain.

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofthebraincells.

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain.

问题2选项

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandarrangement

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandfunction

问题3选项

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabilitiesispersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

问题4选项

A.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

问题5选项

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】46.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“下列哪一项在文章中没有提到?”。A项“学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的”,第五段第二句提到DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.(Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的),可知A项在文中有提到。B项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大片区域受损造成的”,文章最后一句提到DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.(杜菲医生说,他的研究证明,学习障碍涉及到大脑的大面积损伤,而不仅仅是左脑),可知B项在文中有提到。C项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的”,第四段最后两句提到Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.(研究人员还发现,许多神经细胞并没有按照它们应有的方式排成一行;神经细胞混合在一起)可知C项在文中有提到。只有D项“学习障碍可能是由大脑的未知区域引起的”在文中没有提及。因此该题选D。

47.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“科学家们发现,有学习障碍的人的脑细胞在……上与正常人不同?”。根据第四段第四句Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.(这些细胞通常是白色的;然而,对于有学习障碍的人,这些细胞是灰色的)和第四段最后两句Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.(研究人员还发现,许多神经细胞并没有按照它们应有的方式排成一行;神经细胞混合在一起),由此可知,有学习障碍的人的脑细胞在颜色和结构排列上和正常人的脑细胞不一样。因此B项“颜色和排列”正确。A项“结构和功能”,C项“大小和排列”和D项“颜色和功能”都只是提到一部分。因此该题选B。

48.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“下列陈述除了哪一项其他都是正确的?”。A项“造成学习障碍的因素很多”,第二段第二句提到Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.(科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍,它们是由许多不同的东西造成的),由此可知A项正确。B项“学习障碍是指没有外在迹象的人”,第三段第二句提到Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.(没有这种疾病的外在迹象),可知B项正确。C项“阅读障碍是一个影响10%人口的普遍问题”,文中只提到了正常儿童和有阅读问题的儿童的大脑活动存在很大差异,没有提到阅读障碍影响了多少人口比例,C项表述错误。D项“有学习障碍的儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同”,根据第四段第二句Theyfoundtwounusualthings.(他们发现了两件不寻常的事情)可知,D项也正确。因此该题选C。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“Duffy博士相信……”。根据题干定位到文章的最后一段DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.(达菲医生发现,正常儿童和有阅读问题的儿童的大脑活动存在很大差异。这种差异出现在整个大脑中。杜菲医生说,他的研究证明,学习障碍涉及到大脑的大面积损伤,而不仅仅是左脑。),由这一段内容可知,Duffy博士相信学习障碍儿童的大脑活动差异是出现在整个大脑中,而不仅仅是左脑,所以A项“学习障碍的问题并不局限于左脑”正确。B项“学习障碍的问题并不在于左脑”,这是偷换概念,B项错误。C项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑引起的”,内容与原文不符;D项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”,内容有点过度解读,Duffy博士并未强调这是学习障碍的确切原因。因此该题选A。

50.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“根据本文,我们可以得出结论,需要进一步研究……”。文章全篇内容主要是关于学习障碍患者的大脑的生长和组织方式,所以可以推断,我们需要进一步研究会影响大脑发育和构造布局的因素,所以A项“研究对大脑发育和组织的可能影响”符合题意。B项“研究孩子们如何学习读写和使用数字”,这与文章内容无关,B项不选;C项“帮助有学习障碍的儿童发展智力”,文章已经提到学习障碍患者可能涉及大脑大面积损伤,所以再来讨论如何帮助有学习障碍的儿童发展智力没有意义,C项也不选;D项“探索左脑在语言学习中的作用”,文中末段提到学习障碍涉及整个大脑全面损伤,所以不可能会进一步研究左脑,D项不符合。因此该题选A。

11.单选题

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.

44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.

问题1选项

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

问题2选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecauseaffectingweather

问题3选项

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

问题5选项

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以得出结论的是,大气中二氧化碳的浓度将会……”。根据文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.(二氧化碳的作用就像一面单向镜子——温室屋顶的玻璃,它允许阳光进入,但阻止热量逸出。)可知A项“阻止太阳光线到达地球表面”,内容与文章内容相反;B项“意味着北极的气候变暖”,第三段最后两句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.(但是,气象专家现在把更多的注意力放在了南极西部,那里可能只会受到几度的变暖的影响:换句话说,由于燃料的燃烧,在未来的50年里可能会出现这样的变暖),由此可知,现在南极气温更容易受气候变暖的影响,所以B项内容不准确;C项“导致了北半球气候的巨大变化”,内容与原文所说正相反,第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.(然而,大部分燃料是在北半球燃烧的,那里的气温似乎正在下降),由此可知二氧化碳会使大气温度上升,但事实上气温却在降低,所以是无法用二氧化碳来解释北半球气温变化的,C项错误;根据第四段最后两句话Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.(现有的证据表明气候已经变暖。这符合二氧化碳使地球变暖的理论。)可知D项“提高地球表面的温度”符合题意。因此该题选D。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章是用来解释……”。从全文来看,作者主要探讨了两种对大气温度变化产生影响的原因——人为因素和自然因素。若以人为原因为主,现在的大气温度应比以前更高,但事实上相反,大气温度似乎在下降;若以自然原因为主,现在应该进入一个新的冰河时代,但是又没有,说明二氧化碳与太阳在相互影响着大气的温度,只有D项“影响天气的原因”全面表达了文章的内容,即解释影响天气的原因。A项“温室效应”和B项“太阳对地球的影响”都只是其中一个原因,不够全面。C项“太阳-天气相互作用的模型”太片面,也不选。因此该题选D。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“虽然北半球的燃料消耗较大,但那里的气温似乎在下降。这是……”。根据题干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.(因此,科学家得出结论,到目前为止,自然对天气的影响已经超过了人类造成的影响),接着作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesunitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.(一种可能是太阳的变化……它的热量输出呈周期性上升和下降,最新的趋势是下降),由此可知,影响北半球气温下降的原因有一部分是自然的影响,因此D项“部分原因是太阳能输出的变化”符合题意。A项“主要是因为二氧化碳的含量在上升”,第七段提到Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.(如果这是正确的,那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用),由此可知,大气中不断上升的二氧化碳浓度能平衡气温中不断消失的太阳热量,所以A项内容不正确;B项“可能是因为两极的冰盖正在融化”,与题干无关;C项“这完全是由于地球气候惯性的影响”,内容太绝对。因此该题选D。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据他们的模型,科学家们认为……”。根据文章的第七段的第二句话…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge(这些模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河时代,但事实并非如此),由此可知科学家认为气候应该变得更冷,因此A项“世界的气候应该会变得更冷”符合题意。B项“地球气候的惯性将需要数千年才能起作用”,最后一段倒数第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.(解决这一理论难题的一种方法是假设有数千年的延迟,而太阳效应克服了地球气候的惯性),根据这个句子可知文章提到太阳效应克服地球气候的惯性是用来对科学家们认为的模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河时代的一种假设,不符合题意;C项“人为的变暖效应有助于增加太阳效应”,文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.(二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用),因此C项错误。D项“新的冰川期将被温室效应推迟”,文章中科学家做出的假设是太阳效应克服了地球气候的这种惯性,所以D项错误。因此该题选A。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“如果新冰河世纪延迟的假设是正确的,那么……”。文章最后两句话提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.(解决这一理论难题的一种方法是假设有数千年的延迟,而太阳效应克服了地球气候的惯性。如果这是正确的,那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用),可知如果新冰河世纪延迟的假设是正确的,温室效应可以平衡太阳热量递减的作用,因此对地球是有利的,这与D项“温室效应可能对地球有利”符合;A项“克服这种冷却效应的最好方法是燃烧更多的燃料”原文未提及;B项“冰很快就会覆盖北半球”,第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere(大部分燃料是在北半球燃烧的),所以B项内容不正确;C项“大气中二氧化碳含量的增加会使地球更快地变暖”,不是变暖,而是平衡太阳热量的递减,C项也不正确。因此该题选D。

12.单选题

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

问题2选项

A

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