2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号93

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.

Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.

Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.

Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.

First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.

Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.

Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.

Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—ornoschoolatall.Thegrowthofprivateschoolsisamanifestationofthehealthiestofinstincts:parents’desiretodothebestfortheirchildren.Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.Ideally,theywouldsubsidizeprivateschools,preferablythroughavoucherwhichparentscouldspendattheschoolsoftheirchoiceandtopup;theywouldregulateschoolstoensurequality;theywouldrunpublicexamstohelpparentsmakeinformedchoice.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thestategovernmentsindevelopingcountriesfailto（

）.

2.TheauthormentionsKishoreSinghinordertoshow

（

）.

3.Privateschoolssurpassthepubliconesinthat

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprivateeducation?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.providepropereducationforalltheschoolagechildren

B.fulfilltheirpromisesbyestablishingenoughpublicschools

C.improveeducationqualityoftheexistingpublicschools

D.speedupthesocialshiftfromfarmingtomanufacturing

问题2选项

A.howstategovernmentsdislikeprivateeducation

B.whyNGOsaresomuchopposedtoprivatesectors

C.howweshouldsafeguardthenobilityofeducation

D.whatthesocialmainstreamthinksoftheprivateschool

问题3选项

A.theycanobtainmoremoneyfromparents

B.theyhaveachievedbetterteachingquality

C.theycanmakebetteruseofmoneyandinnovate

D.theycanusetabletstoassistteaching

问题4选项

A.Itmeetstheneedofsocialdevelopment.

B.Itshouldbesuspendedandreorganized.

C.Itshouldnotberunpurelyafterhighprofits.

D.Itisencouragedtoreplacepubliceducation.

问题5选项

A.WhyArePrivateSchoolsBoomingSoFast?

B.ShouldPrivateEducationBeHelpedorCurbed?

C.HowShouldtheGovernmentImproveEducation?

D.WhatShouldtheStateDowithPublicSchools?

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段最后两句“Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.大多数政府承诺提供普遍的初等教育以及促进中等教育的发展。但即使公立学校存在，它们通常还是失败了。”再根据第一段前面的内容可推断，发展中国家的政府没有履行他们的承诺，没有建立足够的公立学校。选项B符合原文；选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；选项D是私立学校繁荣的原因之一，不符合题意。所以只有选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“KishoreSingh”定位第三段“KishoreSingh,hassaidthat‘for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation’”联合国教育特别报告员KishoreSingh曾表示：“为了捍卫教育的崇高事业，不应该允许营利性教育。”这是对原文中上一句“NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.非政府组织往往在意识形态上反对私营部门”的解释，说明非政府组织反对私营机构的理由。因此选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据原文倒数两段的首句“privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.私立学校通常比公立学校更物有所值。”也就是能够充分利用资金。“privateschoolsareinnovative.”私立学校具有创新性。所以选项C符合原文。选项A显然不是私立学校超越公立学校的原因；选项B在文中没有提及；选项D表述过于片面。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段第三句“Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.政府不应该打击私营教育，而应该大力发展私营教育。”由此可推断，作者认为私营教育是符合社会发展的需求的。选项A正确。选项B与作者的观点不符；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D表述过于绝对。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者首先指出了发展中国家政府在公立教育方面的失败，接着提到私营教育的发展，政府反对私营教育，而作者认为应该大力发展私营教育，所以本文的主要内容是讨论支持还是反对私营教育。选项B最为恰当。

2.单选题

Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetout.

Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.

Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.

ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.

Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist.MethodistandPresbyterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.Theywereemptynow.butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.

Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipedoutsomanysmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdowntownmerchants,andtherewasn'tasingleemptyorboarded-upbuildingaroundthesquare—nosmallmiracle.Theretailshopsweremixedinwiththebanksandlawofficesandcafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.

HeinchedthroughthecemeteryandsurveyedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart,wherethetombstonesweregander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonumentsfortheirdead.Rayhadalwaysassumedthatthefamilymoneyhe'dneverseenmusthavebeenburiedinthosegraves.Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.ShewasburiedamongtheAtlees,atthefaredgeofthefamilyplotbecauseshehadbarelybelonged.

Soon,inlessthananhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather'sstudy,sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.

Movingagain,Raypassedthewatertowerhe'dclimbedtwice,thesecondtimewiththeDolicewairingbelow.Hegrimacedathisoldhighschool,aplacehe'dnevervisitedsincehe'dleftit.BehinditwasthefootballfieldwherehisbrotherForresthadrompedoveropponentsandalmostbecamefamousbeforegeeingbouncedofftheteam.

Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeRay'shometown?

3.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweenRayandhisparentswas

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRay'sfatherwasallEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.Raycherishedhischildhoodmemories

B.Rayhadsomethingurgenttotakecareof

C.Raymaynothaveahappychildhood

D.Raycannotrememberhischildhooddays

问题2选项

A.Lifeless

B.Religious

C.Traditional

D.Quiet

问题3选项

A.close

B.remote

C.tense

D.impossibletotell

问题4选项

A.considerate

B.punctual

C.thrifty

D.dominant.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容“每一条街道都有一个故事，造就一段回忆。那些拥有美好的童年的人能够随着街道回到家乡，回到那些快乐的时光。而剩下的人则是由于责任返回家乡，然后尽可能快的离开。RayAtlee在他的家乡克林顿待了15分钟后，迫不及待的想要离开。”由此可推断，RayAtlee很明显属于第二类人，说明他没有快乐的童年，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第六段首句“Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的内容“在这个圣经国度的深处，星期天除了去教堂、坐在门廊上、拜访邻居、按照神的旨意休息和放松外，几乎什么也不做，这在镇上还是不成文的规矩。”可知选项B符合原文；根据第二段三四句“Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.这个城镇没有任何的区域划分。土地所有者可以在没有许可证、没有检查、没有通知毗邻土地所有者的情况下建造任何东西，什么都不做。”由此可推断，这个城镇是传统的，选项C正确；只有选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选D。

3.判断推断题。根据倒数第四段“Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.他停好车之后走到母亲的坟墓前，这是他多年来从未做过的事。”以及倒数第三段“...sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,...他一边喝着劣质的速溶茶，一边接受有关如何安葬他父亲的指示。又即将给予许多命令、规定和指示...”说明父亲对他的严厉。由此可推断，Ray和他父母的关系是疏远的，所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段“Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.”根据家庭会议的时间可推测出Ray的父亲很守时，选项A正确；根据倒数第三段提及的父亲书房里的劣质速溶茶“badinstanttea”可推测他的父亲很节俭；根据倒数第三段最后一句“Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.”可推断出他的父亲占主导地位，选项D正确；只有选项A在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。

3.单选题

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

问题1选项

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。

4.单选题

Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse（

）languageofthebarracks.

问题1选项

A.vulgar

B.gross

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项vulgar“通俗的”；B选项gross“恶劣的”；C选项rough“粗糙的”；D选项coarse“粗俗的，下等的”。句意：许多士兵回家后不得不提醒自己不要在军营里说粗话?选项D更符合语境。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

公民、法人的合法民事权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。

已满16岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事贵任。

【答案】Thelawfulcivilrightsandinterestsofcitizensandjuristicpersonareprotectedbythelaw,andanyorganizationorindividualisnotallowedtoinfringethem.

Apersonofnolessthan16yearsoldwhocommitsacrimeshallbearcriminalresponsibility.

6.单选题

Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项validity“有效性，正确性”；B选项liability“责任，可能性”；C选项capability“才能，能力”；D选项intensity“强度”。句意：雷达是用来扩展人们观察环境的感知能力，特别是视觉感知能力。选项C符合语境。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的现代化的、多功能的大型图书馆西藏自治区图书馆建成开馆。

她不想被别人看成卖弄才学的女子。

竞争确有好处，它能逼你去创造、去革新。

中国不寻求霸权或支配世界事务，而是倡导建立国际政治经济新秩序。

维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益，中国人民将义无反顾的捍卫国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。

【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

8.单选题

Dangerouschemicalsmay（

）throughthesoilintorivers.Freedumpingofwastesshouldbeprohibited.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.permeate

C.perplex

D.filter

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项spread“传播”；B选项permeate“弥漫，渗透”；C选项perplex“使困惑”；D选项filter“过滤，渗透”。句意：危险的化学物质可能渗入土壤进入河流。禁止随意倾倒废物。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whatdoesthe“labormarketproblems”referto?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.ATheoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

问题2选项

A.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportion

问题3选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

C.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

问题4选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.语义题。根据关键词“labormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因为劳动力市场问题而遭受不幸呢?”下文随即指出“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今失业不会带来同样的后果。”由此可知，这里的劳动市场问题指的是失业，选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据下文“不断增加的财富、不止一个收入者的家庭增多、失业人群中中等收入者的优势日益显现，以及社会福利保障的改善，这些都毫无疑问地减轻了失业的后果。”由此可推断，作者是想表达现在的失业问题所带来的影响没有那么严重。选项C正确。

3.作者意图题。根据题干可以定位到第二段的内容，本段的中心句为段落首句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.然而，我们的社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳动力市场相关的困难程度。”接下来进行举例说明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年内多次失业的人，是为了表明统计数据低估了贫困工人所遭受的苦难，所以选项B正确。

4.判断推理题。原文第一段指出社会统计数据在许多方面夸大了困难的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，计算在贫困统计之内的人大部分是年老者、残疾人或者由于家庭负担不能进入劳务市场者，因此这些贫困统计数据根本就不能精确地反映出劳动力市场所存在的问题。由此可推断，之所以会高估经济困难的程度，是因为建立了记录系统，使得编撰贫穷统计数据成为可能，这些数据不一定是真实情况的反映，所以选项C正确。

10.单选题

Attendanceatcinemahas（

）greatlysincetheinventionofTVsets.

问题1选项

A.droppedin

B.droppedoff

C.droppedon

D.droppedout

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项dropin“使落进”；B选项dropoff“减少”；C选项dropon“偶然发现，突然拜访”；D选项dropout“退出，脱离”。句意：自从发明电视机以来，看电影的人就大大减少了。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Hetriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas（

）detailsthatwouldbesettledlaterafterhefinisheddealingwiththeimportantones.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项versatile“通用的，多才多艺的”；B选项trivial“琐碎的”；C选项preliminary“初步的”；D选项alternate“交替的，轮流的”。句意：他试图把这些问题当作鸡毛蒜皮的小事置之不理，等他处理完重要的问题后再解决。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

问题1选项

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项escape“逃脱，避免”；B选项peril“危及，置...于险境”；C选项melt“融化”；D选项vanish“消失，突然不见”。句意：小偷跑进人群中，然后从视线中消失不见了。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

Ifleadership,asitsmostbasicmeaning,（1）gettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’s

（2）tools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolis（3）theirgrasp,availableonly（4）thecharismaticandtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,

（5）experimentalpsychologistshave（6）whichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto

（7）,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilar（8）themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,

（9）peerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethemaswell.Soitis（10）thetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffer（11）praise.Third,experiments（12）theintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'sa

（13）policytodoafavor（14）

seekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyand（15）.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydo（16）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’s（17）.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommodity

（18）it’sscarce;it

（19）,then,that（20）informationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.

问题1选项

A.consistsin

B.consistsof

C.constitutesof

D.composesof

问题2选项

A.fundamental

B.rudimentary

C.elementary

D.essential

问题3选项

A.beyond

B.within

C.in

D.out

问题4选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

问题5选项

A.though

B.although

C.eventhough

D.but

问题6选项

A.studied

B.learned

C.examined

D.investigated

问题7选项

A.cede

B.concede

C.recede

D.retreat

问题8选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

问题9选项

A.register

B.list

C.enlist

D.enroll

问题10选项

A.worth

B.worthof

C.worthwith

D.worthy

问题11选项

A.authentic

B.genuine

C.real

D.true

问题12选项

A.affirm

B.confirm

C.testify

D.verify

问题13选项

A.best

B.correct

C.sound

D.valid

问题14选项

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.before

问题15选项

A.explicitly

B.implicitly

C.exultantly

D.introspectively

问题16选项

A.deny

B.deferto

C.conferto

D.referto

问题17选项

A.self-contained

B.self-possessed

C.self-opinionated

D.self-evident

问题18选项

A.where

B.when

C.whether

D.evenif

问题19选项

A.obeys

B.abides

C.follows

D.happens

问题20选项

A.exclusive

B.inclusive

C.scarce

D.reliable

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:C

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）词组辨析题。A选项consistin“在于”；选项B和D都表示“由…组成或构成”的意思；C选项constitute为及物动词，后面不需要接介词of。所以只有选项A符合原文。句意：如果领导力，作为其最基本的含义，在于通过他人完成任务…。

（2）形容词辨析题。A选项fundamental“基本的，根本的”；B选项rudimentary“初步的”；C选项elementary“初级的”；D选项essential“必要的”。根据原文可知，这里指“必要的工具”，所以选项D符合原文。

（3）考查固定搭配。beyondone'sgrasp意为“鞭长莫及”，原文指“超出能力范围”。句意：许多高管认为，这一工具超出了他们的掌握范围。所以选项A符合原文。

（4）介词辨析题。beavailablefor指“有效，对…有用”；beavailableto指“可被...利用或得到的”；选项A和D则无此搭配。句意：（这一工具）只有有魅力和有口才的人才能使用。原文中的主语是“thistool”，工具是被利用，所以选项C正确。

（5）考查逻辑连接词。根据原文可知，这里应填入表示让步的逻辑关系连词，所以首先排除选项D，but表转折。而选项B和C只能位于句首，所以只有选项A正确，though既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。

（6）逻辑推理题。根据原文可知，这里指实验心理学家已经研究了一些可靠的方法，所以选项A更符合语境。选项C和D都是调查的意思，不符合语境。

（7）逻辑推理题。根据下文的“comply,orchange”可知，填空处应填入与这两个词意思相近的单词。A选项cede“放弃，割让”；B选项concede“让步，退让”；C选项recede“后退，撤回”；D选项retreat“撤退”。选项B更符合语境。

（8）介词辨析题。besimilarto为固定介词搭配，意为“与…相似”，所以选项C正确。

（9）动词辨析题。A选项register“登记”；B选项list“列清单”；C选项enlist“使入伍”；D选项enroll“使加入，招收”。根据原文句意：明智的管理者会招募同伴来帮助他们。选项D更符合语境。

（10）考查固定搭配。Itisworththetimetodosth.为固定句型，意为“值得花时间去做某事”，所以选项A正确。

（11）近义词辨析题。四个选项都有“真实的，真正的”意思，但是根据原文的语境，这里指的是“给予真诚的赞扬”。只有选项B有“真诚的，诚挚的”意思，所以更恰当。

（12）动词辨析题。A选项affirm“断言，确认”；B选项confirm“确认，批准”；C选项testify“证明，证实”；D选项verify“核实，查证”。原文句意：实验证明了直觉的真理，选项C更符合句意。

（13）考查固定搭配。soundpolicy为固定搭配，意为“明智的做法”。选项C正确。

（14）考查逻辑连接词。跟据原文句意：在寻求帮助的同时给予帮助是一个明智的做法。选项B符合原文语境。

（15）副词辨析题。A选项explicitly“明确地”；B选项implicitly“含蓄地”；C选项exultantly“欢欣鼓舞地”；D选项introspectively“好反省地”。根据原文可知，填空处应填入和voluntarily“自动地，自愿地”意思相近的词，选项A更符合语境。

（16）词组辨析题。A选项deny“否认，拒绝”；B选项deferto“尊重，听从”；C选项conferto“授予，给予”；D选项referto“参考，涉及”。原文指人们很尊重专家。所以选项B符合原文。

（17）形容词辨析题。A选项self-contained“独立的”；B选项self-possessed“镇静的”；C选项self-opinionated“固执己见的”；D选项self-evident“不言而喻的”。根据原文句意：因此，在试图施加影响之前，高管们应该努力建立自己的专长，而不是想当然地认为这是不言而喻的。选项D符合语境。

（18）考查逻辑连接词。根据原文：当商品稀缺时，人们想要更多的商品。When在这里引导时间状语从句，所以选项B正确。

（19）考查固定搭配。Ithappensthat意思是“（有时、往往）会发生；恰巧”。所以选项D正确。

（20）名词辨析题。A选项exclusive“独有的，排外的”；B选项inclusive“包含在内的”；C选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；D选项reliable“可靠的”。句意：有时包容性的信息比大量存在的数据更有说服力。选项B更符合语境。

14.单选题

Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.facing

C.advancing

D.oncoming

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项meeting“会面，会合”；B选项facing“面朝的，对面的”；C选项advancing“前进的，年长的”；D选项oncoming“接近的，迎面而来的”。句意：为了不使迎面而来的车辆眼花缭乱，你应该把灯调暗。选项D符合语境。

15.单选题

Lacking（

）politicalgoals,thetwopartiesquarreled.

问题1选项

A.intricate

B.coherent

C.intrinsic

D.distinct

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项intricate“复杂的”；B选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项distinct“明显的，独特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目标，两党发生了争吵。选项B更符合语境。

16.单选题

Thehighcostforgettingtherewas（

）bythefactthatIfoundaverycheapplacetolive.

问题1选项

A.offset

B.participated

C.elaborated

D.reclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项offset“抵消，弥补”；B选项participate“参与，分享”；C选项elaborate“详细描述，变复杂”；D选项reclaim“开拓，抗议”。句意：到这里的成本高是因为事情变得复杂，我找到了一个非常便宜的地方住。选项C更符合语境。

17.单选题

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

问题1选项

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。

18.翻译题

PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益或者利益的，应当承担侵权责任。

公法调整和规范自然人、法人和国家之间的关系,它包括行政法规、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。

合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终民事关系的协议；依法成立的合同，受法律保护。

物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。

人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的，可以没收违法所得、侵权复制品以及进行违法活动的财物。

【答案】Networkusersandnetworkserviceproviderswhoinfringeuponthecivilrightsorinterestsofothersvianetworkshallbearthetortliability.

Publiclawadjustsandregulatestherelationshipamongnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandthestate.Itincludesadministrativeregulations,criminallawsandotherlawsrelatedtopublicorder.

Acontractisanagreementbetweenthepartiestoestablish,changeorterminateacivilrelationship.Acontractestablishedinaccordancewiththelawshallbeprotectedbylaw.

Theacquisitionandexerciseofpropertyrightsshallabidebythelaw,respectsocialmoralityandnotdamagepublicinterestsandlegitimaterightsandinterestsofothers.

Forthosecasesthatinfringeoncopyrightorrelativerights.People'sCourtcanconfiscateillegalproceeds,infringingcopiesandpropertiesforillegalactivitieswhentryingacase.

19.单选题

Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项cancel“取消”；B选项abolish“废除，废止”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项reject“拒绝，排斥”。句意：人类开发月球的系统已经被废除。选项B符合句意。

20.单选题

Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.

问题1选项

A.native

B.mother

C.female

D.national

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。nativelanguage意为“本地语言”；motherlanguage意为“母语”，符合句意。C选项female“女性的”；D选项national“国家的”均不符合句意。

21.单选题

Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasins