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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheSydneyOlympicsofferedmeanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutstagingamajormulti-sporteventandthisknowledge,Ifelt,wouldstandmeingoodsteadasIdevelopedthemediaservicesthatwouldbeneededforourSaltLakeCityWinterGamesin2002.

Ialsodecidedthatworkingasavolunteerwouldgivemeagreaterunderstandingofawholerangeofissues,whichiswhyIjoinedtheranksofthoseworkinginthefrontline.

ButlittledidIsuspectjusthowmuch,theexperiencewouldoffermesuchpowerfulfeelingandastrongsenseofpride-emotionswhichinfluencethemanymemoriesthatItookawaywithmewhenIleftSydney.

Asawomanvolunteer,Iamnotusuallykeenonuniforms,butfromthemomentIputonmySydneyvolunteer’suniformIfeltIwaspartofsomethingimportantsomethingbigthatcouldwellbeaonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience.Iimmediatelybondedwithothersinthesameuniformandaswepassedeachotherinthestreetdressedinourcolorfuloutfits,wesmiledandsaid“G’day”toeachotherandthosegreetingscontinuedthroughoutthetwoweeksoftheOlympics.

MyjobwasasasupervisorintheMainPressCenterwhereImanaged800journalists*desks,thetelephones,thebanksoftelevisionandothervolunteers,manyofwhomweremediastudents.OurshiftswereeighthourslongandoftenovernightastheCenterwasopen24hours,butwegenerallystayedlongeroutofchoiceastheworkwasimportantandexciting.Withoutusthejournalistswouldnotgettheirarticlesbacktotheirhomenewsdesksandthestoriesoftheemotionalhighsandlowsofthecompetitorswouldneverreachtheoutsideworld.

Asvolunteers,weallfeltourworkwasavaluablecontributiontothesuccessoftheOlympicsandwereveledinthecomplimentswereceived.Weworkedhardandwehadfun.Wemadenewcontactsandfriendsfromallovertheworldandwelearnednewskillswhichwewillneverlose.

WhentheOlympicsfinished,allthevolunteers—47,000ofus一wereinvitedtotakepartinaparadethroughthestreetsofSydney.Manyofusdidthis,andthousandsandthousandsofpeoplecameouttocheerourefforts.Beingpartofthatexperiencebroughttearstomanyeyes.

TheOlympicswasmarvelous,andtheworkIwenttodoisrelevantandvaluabletothejobIdonow.ButtheexperienceofbeinginvolvedinsuchamassiveeventandtherecognitionweweregivenforoureffortsiswhatIwillrememberforever.

1.TheauthorworkedasintheMainPressCenteroftheSydneyOlympics(

).

2.Accordingtotheauthor,herprideinbeingavolunteerintheOlympicsincreasedallthe(

)

morewhenshewas.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theshiftsforthevolunteersintheMainPressCenterwereoften(

)

hourslong.

4.Theauthorfeltthattheworkofthevolunteerswas(

).

5.WhattheauthorwillrememberforeverabouttheOlympicvolunteerjobis(

).

问题1选项

A.amanager

B.ajournalist

C.aneditor

D.asupervisor

问题2选项

A.wearingthecolorfulvolunteeruniformandgreetingtheothersinthestreet

B.learningmoreaboutstagingamajormulti-sportevent

C.understandingbetterawholerangeofissuesrelatedtotheGames

D.joiningtheranksofthoseworkinginthefrontline

问题3选项

A.8

B.morethan8

C.lessthan8

D.nearly24

问题4选项

A.unimportanttothesuccessoftheOlympics

B.unnecessarytothesuccessoftheOlympics

C.irrelevanttothesuccessoftheOlympics

D.invaluabletothesuccessoftheOlympics

问题5选项

A.thecolorfuloutfitstheywerewearinginthebigevent

B.theadviceandservicetheygavetotheathletes

C.therecognitiontheyweregivenfortheirefforts

D.workingovertime

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题是问作者在悉尼奥运会总新闻中心的工作是什么。根据本文第五段第一句“MyjobwasasasupervisorintheMainPressCenterwhereImanaged800journalists'desks,thetelephones,thebanksoftelevisionandothervolunteers,manyofwhomweremediastudents.我的工作是在主要的新闻中心担任主管,在那里我管理着800名记者的办公桌、电话、电视银行和其他志愿者,其中许多是媒体专业的学生。”可直接得出答案,作者的工作是作为一名监督员为奥运会服务的,D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。本题是问作者什么时候作为奥运会志愿者的自豪感更加强烈。根据本文第四段第一句话中的"butfromthemomentIputonmySydneyvolunteer'suniformIfeltIwaspartofsomethingimportantsomethingbigthatcouldwellbeaonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience.但从我穿上悉尼志愿者制服的那一刻起,我就觉得自己是一件大事的一部分,一件可能是一生一次的大事。”可知A选项‘穿着五颜六色的志愿者制服,和街上的其他人打招呼’符合题意。

3.推理判断题。本题是问在总新闻中心工作的志愿者的轮班时间是多长。根据本文第五段第二句话“OurshiftswereeighthourslongandoftenovernightastheCenterwasopen24hours,butwegenerallystayedlongeroutofchoiceastheworkwasimportantandexciting.我们的轮班时间为8小时,而且通常是在中心24小时开放的情况下连夜工作,但由于工作重要且令人兴奋,我们通常会多待一些时间。”可知志愿者们轮班的时间实际上通常会超过八个小时,所以B选项正确。

4.观点态度题。本题是问作者对于志愿者工作的感受。从本文的内容可知,作者一直在强调志愿者工作对奥运会的巨大作用,而A、B和C三个选项中的“unimportant”、’’unnecessary”以及“irrelevant”都否定了志愿者的工作的重要性;只有D选项的“invaluable”表示“非常珍贵的,极有用的”肯定了志愿者的作用,所以D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。本题是问作者会永远记住奥运会志愿者工作的哪些方面。由本文最后一句话“...andtherecognitionweweregivenforoureffortsiswhatIwillrememberforever.对我们努力的认可是我永远不会忘记的。”确定C选项‘他们的努力得到了认可’正确。

2.单选题

Ahumanbeingisquite(

)creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorhersenseoffearsand(

)isthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.afrail;insecurity

B.avaliant;phobias

C.anambitious;mortify

D.aludicrous;laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容词和名词辨析。第一个空考查的是形容词的辨析,frail“脆弱的,薄弱的,抵不住诱惑的”;valiant“勇敢的,有价值的”;ambitious“有野心的,有抱负的”;ludicrous“滑稽的,荒唐可笑的”;根据句尾的thinandofteneasilybreached推断出第一个空应该填frail;第二个空考查的是名词辨析,insecurity“不安全,无保障”;phobias“憎恶;恐惧症”;mortify“克制,抑制(肉体、情感等)”作动词;laughter“笑,笑声”;根据关键词thesenseof和句子的整体意思‘人类是一种极为脆弱的生物体,因为掩盖着其恐惧感和不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么的薄弱,且常常易于破裂’可以推断出此处应该填insecurity,所以A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen(

)totheextentthattheynolonger(

)ecologists.

问题1选项

A.perfected;hinder

B.exhausted;interest

C.prolonged;require

D.prevented;challenge

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。先看第一空,perfect“使…完美(完善)”;exhaust“耗尽,排出”;prolong“延长,拖延”;prevent“阻止,妨碍”依据关键词study和表示程度的totheextent以及整个句子的意思‘迄今为止,还没有任何植物类型或生态系统,人们对它们的研宄能达到如此详尽无遗的地步,以至于它不再能够引起生态学家的兴趣’可以推断出此处应该填“exhausted”;再看第二次,hinder“阻碍,妨碍”;interest“使感兴趣,使关心”;require“要求,命令”;challenge“向…挑战”;依据句意可以推断出此处应该填interest,所以B选项正确。

4.单选题

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous(

)ofnaturalevents.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。A选项“挑衅,蔑视”;B选项“文件编制,文档”;C选项“维持,保养”;D选项“支配,统治”;根据句意‘继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者,并且基于这一原因,中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。’确定B选项正确。

5.单选题

Oneargumentusedtosupporttheideathatemploymentwillcontinuetobethedominantformofwork,andthatemploymentwilleventuallybecomeavailableforallwhowantit,isthatworkingtimewillcontinuetofall.Peopleinjobswillworkfewerhoursintheday,fewerdaysintheweek,fewerweeksintheyear,andfeweryearsinalifetime,thantheydonow.Thiswillmeanthatmorejobswillbeavailableformorepeople.This,itissaid,isthewayweshouldsetaboutrestoringfullemployment.

Thereisnodoubtthatsomethingofthiskindwillhappen.Theshorterworkingweek,longerholidays,earlierretirement,job-sharing—theseandotherwaysofreducingtheamountoftimepeoplespendontheirjobs—arecertainlylikelytospread.Amixofpart-timepaidworkandpart-timeunpaidworkislikelytobecomeamuchmorecommonworkpatternthantoday,andaflexi-lifepatternofwork-involvingpaidemploymentatcertainstagesoflife,butnotatothers—willbecomewidespread.Butitissurelyunrealistictoassumethatthiswillmakeitpossibletorestorefullemploymentasthedominantformofwork.

Inthefirstplace,solongasemploymentremainstheoverwhelminglyimportantformofworkandsourceofincomeformostpeople,itisverydifficulttoseehowreductionsinemployees’workingtimecantakeplaceonascalesufficientlylargeandatapacesufficientlyfasttomakeitpossibletoshareouttheavailablepaidemploymenttoeveryonewhowantsit.Suchnegotiationsastherehaverecentlybeen,forexampleinBritainandGermany,aboutthepossibilityofintroducinga35-hourworkingweek,havehighlightedsomeofthedifficulties.But,secondly,ifchangesofthiskindweretotakeplaceatapaceandonascalesufficienttomakeitpossibletoshareemploymentamongallwhowantedit,theresultingsituation—inwhichmostpeoplewouldnotbeworkingintheirjobsformorethantwoorthreeshortdaysaweek―couldhardlycontinuetobeoneinwhichemploymentwasstillregardedastheonlytrulyvalidformofwork.Therewouldbesomanypeoplespendingsomuchoftheirtimeonotheractivities,includingotherformsofusefulwork,thattheprimacyofemploymentwouldbeboundtobecalledintoquestion,atleasttosomeextent.

1.TheauthorusesthenegotiationsinBritainandGermanyasanexampleto(

).

2.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorseemstoimplythatasaresultofshorterworkingtime

(

).

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsfuturefullemploymentisgenerally(

).

问题1选项

A.supportreductionsinemployeesworkingtime

B.indicateemployeesareunwillingtosharejobs

C.provethepossibilityofsharingpaidemployment

D.showthatemploymentwillloseitsdominance

问题2选项

A.employmentmaynotretainitsusualimportance

B.employmentmaynotberegardedasvalidwork

C.peoplecanbeengagedinfarlessunpaidwork

D.peoplecanbeengagedinfarmoreunpaidwork

问题3选项

A.supportive

B.wavering

C.skeptical

D.unclear

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。本题是问作者用英国和德国的谈判这个例子的目的是什么。由本文最后一段中的内容“itisverydifficulttoseehowreductionsinemployees’workingrimecantakeplaceonascalesufficientlylargeandatapacesufficientlyfasttomakeitpossibletoshareouttheavailablepaidemploymenttoeveryonewhowantsit.Suchnegotiationsastherehaverecentlybeen,forexampleinBritainandGermany,aboutthepossibilityofintroducinga35-hourworkingweek,havehighlightedsomeofthedifficulties.很难看出,员工的工作时间是如何以足够大的规模、足够快的速度减少的,以至于有可能将可用的带薪就业机会分配给每一个想要的人。最近在英国和德国就引入每周35小时工作制的可能性进行的谈判,突显了其中的一些困难。”可知提到了这次谈判,主要目的是为了支持减少员工们的工作时间,A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。本题是问文章的最后作者想表达更短的工作时间的一个结果是什么。根据本文最后一段最后一句内容“Therewouldbesomanypeoplespendingsomuchoftheirtimeonotheractivities,includingotherformsofusefulwork,thattheprimacyofemploymentwouldbeboundtobecalledintoquestion,atleasttosomeextent.将有如此多的人把如此多的时间花在其他活动上,包括其他形式的有益工作,就业的首要地位必然会受到质疑,至少在某种程度上是这样。”可知有更短的工作时间的结果是人们就可以把时间放到更多其他的活动或者有价值的工作中去,所以C选项‘人们可以从事少得多的无薪工作’正确。

3.观点态度题。本题是问作者对于未来的完全雇佣所持有的态度。A选项supportive“支持的”;B选项wavering“摇摆的,犹豫不决的”;C选项skeptical“怀疑的”;

D选项unclear“不清楚的”。根据本文第二段最后一句话写到“Butitissurelyunrealistictoassumethatthiswillmakeitpossibletorestorefullemploymentasthedominantformofwork.但是,如果认为这将使充分就业成为可能,重新成为占主导地位的工作形式,那肯定是不现实的。”可知出作者认为恢复完全雇佣为工作的主要形式是不现实的,C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofpride(

)toapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependuponmanuallaborforalivinganddelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithhishand.

问题1选项

A.inhavingrisen

B.tohaverisen

C.havingrisen

D.inrising

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词辨析题。首先,pride与in搭配,表示“以……为自豪”,而介词in之后应用动词的ing形式,且这里强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,故应用现在完成时态的分词形式,A选项正确。

7.翻译题

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingproblems.Thisistruewhetheryouwantacareerinacademia,aresearchlabormoretraditionalengineeringrole,butasmyPhDadvisorwasfondofsaying,“doingaPhDcostsyouahouse.”(IntermofthelostsalaryduringthePhDyears)

【答案】攻读博士学位的过程能训练你做研究、读文献、做实验、写论文和做演讲。它还会教你如何弄清楚需要解决的问题。

顶尖的博士计划设置了一个极高的标准:大量的课程作业、教学经验、资格考试、论文答辩,当然,还包括在你的领域做出了开创性的研究贡献。

接受博士训练的人往往能发表条理清晰而有组织的演讲,并且知道如何详细记录他们的工作,并将实验结果可视化。因此,他们具有很大的影响力。

如何找出需要解决的问题,这可能是博士培训最重要的方面。攻读博士学位会迫使你远离当下领域,探索人类知识的边界。

所以,我认为,读博是值得的,尤其是如果你想研究最难且最有兴趣的问题。无论你是想在学术界、实验室或者更传统的工程职业中谋职,读博都是正确的选择。

8.单选题

Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoranencyclopediaset.Nowthose(1)seemhopelesslyoldfashioned;thisChristmas,therewerealotof

(2)

computersunderthetree.

(3)

thatcomputersarethekeytosuccess,parentsarealsofranticallyinsistingthatchildren

(4)

taughttousetheminschoolasearlyaspossible.Theproblemforschoolisthatwhenit

(5)

computers,parentsdon'talwaysknowbest.Manyschoolsare

(6)

parentalimpatienceandarepurchasinghardware

(7)

soundeducationplanning,sotheycansay"OK,we’vemovedintothecomputerage."Teachers

(8)

themselvescaughtinthemiddleoftheproblembetweenparentpressureand

(9)

educationaldecisions.Educationdoesnotevenagree

(10)

howcomputersshouldbeused.Alotofmoneyisgoing

(11)

computerizededucationalmaterialsthatresearchhasshowncanbetaught

(12)

withpencilandpaper.Eventhosewhobelievethatallchildrenshould

(13)

tocomputers,warnofpotential

(14)

totheveryyoung.Thecomputationremainsstronglargelybecauseyoungchildren

(15)

sowelltocomputers.Firstgradershavebeen

(16)

willingtoworkfortwohoursonmathskills.Somehaveanattentionspanof20minutes.

(17)

schoolcanaffordtogointocomputing,andthatcreates

(18)

anotherproblem:adivisionbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.Veryfewparentsareagitating

(19)

computerinstructioninpoorschooldistricts.

(20)theremaybebarelyenoughmoneytopaythereadingteacher.

问题1选项

A.items

B.oys

C.sets

D.series

问题2选项

A.private

B.children

C.school

D.personal

问题3选项

A.Given

B.Provided

C.Convinced

D.Believed

问题4选项

A.are

B.be

C.arebeing

D.were

问题5选项

A.talksabout

B.comesto

C.turnsto

D.mentions

问题6选项

A.ignorantof

B.blaming

C.yieldingto

D.turningadeafearto

问题7选项

A.without

B.with

C.through

D.for

问题8选项

A.reliedon

B.relaxed

C.freed

D.found

问题9选项

A.wise

B.clever

C.slow

D.enough

问题10选项

A.on

B.with

C.to

D.about

问题11选项

A.upon

B.with

C.to

D.for

问题12选项

A.equally

B.inthesameway

C.justaswell

D.notaswell

问题13选项

A.beopen

B.haveaccess

C.look

D.turn

问题14选项

A.approaches

B.exposures

C.dangers

D.harmful

问题15选项

A.adopt

B.keep

C.adapt

D.devote

问题16选项

A.watched

B.seen

C.told

D.taught

问题17选项

A.High

B.Notevery

C.No

D.Any

问题18选项

A.already

B.ofcourse

C.inaction

D.yet

问题19选项

A.for

B.against

C.tobuy

D.use

问题20选项

A.for

B.inanycase

C.although

D.Where

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:A

【解析】(1)词义与词形辨析。根据原文第一段的内容,本小题空白处所填入的词语指的就是前面所列举的与教育有关的礼物,诸如打字机、地球仪、百科全书这些东西;B选项的toys专指玩具;C选项的sets指的是一套或一组的东西;D选项的series用于表示丛书之类的东西,这几个词都过于具体,不能囊括上述与教育有关的礼物。items常用来指一组事物或清单中的一项,符合题意。

(2)词义与词形辨析。此处填一个修饰computer的词,所以B,C选项排除,A,D选项主要是区分private与personal的具体用法。private强调归私人所有,常译为“私有的,私人的”;personal主要强调“个人的,个人用的”;personalcomputer指“个人电脑,个人计算机”。

(3)语法逻辑关系。A选项的given表示“在有..的情况下,假定……”可用来引导条件状语;B选项的provided(that)或providing(that)“如果…的话,只要…”作用相当于if,引导条件状语从句;convince“使相信,说服”,常用于句型。C选项的convincesbofsth和convincesb.+that(从句),而且常常用过去分词形式表示相信;D选项的believe“相信,认为”,及物动词,后直接跟宾语,但很少用过去分词的形式作状语;根据空白处前后词语的意思以及结构,C选项符合题意。

(4)语法逻辑关系。此句的意思是“父母们深信计算机是使孩子走向成功的必备之品,所以,他们坚决主张应尽早教孩子们学会使用电脑”。insist在这里表示“坚决主张”、“坚决要求”,后跟that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气,should+动词原形,should可以省略。

(5)考察词组及固定搭配。Whenitcomesto...表示“当说到……,当涉及到……”。

(6)词义与词形辨析。此句的意思是“由于家长们急不可耐,许多学校迫于压力,在没有做出任何慎重合理的教学计划的情况下便购买了计算机”;A选项的ignorantof“不懂,忽视”;B选项的blame“责怪”,常用的句式为blamesth.onsb.或者blamesb.forsth.;C选项的yieldto的意思为“屈服于,让步”;D选项的turnadeafearto“置若罔闻”,根据句意,C选项符合题意。

(7)词义与词形辨析。根据句子意思确定A选项的without“没有”符合题意。

(8)语法逻辑关系。空白处后面是复合宾语,四个选项中只有D选项的find后面可以跟复合宾语,所以D选项正确

(9)词义与词形辨析。根据句意应该是表示‘聪明的,明智的’,所以排除A和D选项。A选项的wise的意思是明智的,聪明的,经常用来指行动或决定等方面的正确性;B选项的clever的意思也是聪明,但是其一般强调的是智力上的聪明。

(10)词组及固定搭配。D选项没有这个搭配,排除。A选项的agreeon表示“就...取得一致意见”;B选项的agreewith表示“与……意见一致,与……相符”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见、看法的名词或what引导的从句;C选项的agreeto表示“同意某一建议或安排并参与执行”,根据句意‘教育甚至没有就电脑的使用达成一致’确定A选项正确。

(11)词义与词形辨析。for此处表示用途。

(12)此句的句意为“大量的资金被花在用计算机实施教育的材料上了,而这些材料用普通的纸和笔来教给学生,也能取得同样好的效果”。根据句意可知应填入justaswell。A选项表示‘平等的’、B选项‘同样的方式’和C选项表示否定,均不符合题意,排除。

(13)词组及固定搭配。A选项的beopento“对...开放,愿接受...的”;B选项的haveaccessto“进入,能接近,了解,使用”;C选项的lookto“注意,指望,照看”;D选项的turnto“转向,变成,求助于”。根据上下文意思可知,这里指所有的孩子应该学习使用电脑。

(14)语法与逻辑关系。此空应填一个名词,首先排除D项。approach,exposure,danger都可以与介词to搭配,A选项的approach“接近、处理...的方式/方法”;B选项的exposureto“暴露于”;C选项的dangerto“对…有危险”。句意‘对年幼的孩子来说,电脑也有潜在的危险。’,所以C选项正确

(15)词义与词形辨析。A选项的adopt及物动词,意思为“采取,接受,收养,正式通过”;B选项的keepto“坚持,遵守”;C选项的adaptto“适应,适合,改编,改写”;D选项的devoteto“投身于,致力于,献身于”,根据句子的意思是“诱惑依然强劲,很大程度上是因为年幼孩子适应计算机能力强”。C选项正确。

(16)词义与词形辨析。句子的意思是“一年级的学生己被见证愿意花两个小时的时间练习数学技能”。本小题主要是要求辨别watch和see的意思。watch主要着眼于观看比赛、电视等动态的事物;see则着眼于看到之意。

(17)语法与逻辑关系。在前面,作者谈到各个学校都在买电脑,由下文的havesandhave-nots可知此处指并不是所有的学校都买得起电脑。not与every搭配表示部分否定。

(18)词组及固定搭配。A选项的already“已经”,B选项的ofcourse“当然”,C选项的inaddition“除此之外还”,均不符合题意;D选项的yet与another连用表示“还有”强调“还有一个”这层意思,符合题意。

(19)语法与逻辑关系。句子意思为“在贫困地区几乎没有哪位父母要求计算机教学”。agitateforsth.“为某事进行鼓动”此处可以理解为“要求做……”。

(20)语法与逻辑关系。这个句子是对上一句话的原因进行说明的,for引导原因状语从句。

9.单选题

Beforesittingfortheentranceexaminationforpostgraduatestudents,manycandidatestrytofamiliarizethemselveswiththeformulaoftheexambydoing(

)tests.

问题1选项

A.simulated

B.imitated

C.stimulated

D.illustrated

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项simulated“模拟的,模仿的,仿造的”,simulatedtest“模拟试题”;B选项imitated“模仿的,仿造的(强调对某物的仿造或对某人的模仿)”;stimulate“受刺激的”;D选项illustrated“有插画的”。根据句意在参加研究所入学考试之前,很多应试者已经通过做很多模拟试题来使自己更熟悉考试了。A选项表示‘模拟试题’正确。

10.单选题

Aman,withhismind(

)bypersonaltrivia,cannotpossiblyaccomplishanythingatanypost.

问题1选项

A.presumed

B.preceded

C.preoccupied

D.prescribed

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意‘一个只专注于个人琐事的人是无论如何也不可能完成任何事情的。’可知这里是指“只专注于个人琐事的人”,A选项presume“假定”;B选项precede“领先,优于”;C选项preoccupy“抢先占有,使…全神贯注”;D选项prescribe“规定,开处方”。C选项的preoccupiedby...“专注于…”正确。

11.单选题

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivity,atthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaundermin/mum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,however,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence

Ifconsistentandreliablegeological,orarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldhefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun'sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.InshorttheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.Thealternative,explanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun'smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.ModemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalSolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon(

).

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

问题1选项

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaulttheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodemphysicists

问题2选项

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

问题3选项

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

问题4选项

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistantpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunder-stormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲解的是人们将太阳活动极小期与欧洲16世纪至19世纪初期不同寻常的低温联系起来,但是太阳活动极小的真实性还有待考察,如果同意可靠的地质、考古和气象证据能够与远古时代的太阳活动周期挂钩,也许可以帮助理解和确定太阳活动的两种模式。A选项“指出有关太阳活动的两种相对的科学理论并对其各自的地质依据进行评价”,B选项“简要概述近期科学在太阳物理学方面的发展并且就他们对未来气候研究的影响做出评价”,C选项“讨论将地球上的各种现象与太阳活动联系起来的困难性并指出问题的解决方法影响着我们对太阳物理活动的理解”,D选项“概述有关太阳物理的问题之所以一直没解决的原因并且对现代物理学家过度理论化的方法进行指责”,C选项周期。

2.推理判断题。文章对太阳活动的两种模式的介绍主要集中在文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-

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