2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号39

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

问题1选项

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B选项retirefrom“退休；退出；从……退休”；C选项examine“检查；调查；检测；考试”；D选项conquer“战胜，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公众的目光下成长的困难往往导致神童在成年之前就从成就的世界中退休；令人高兴的是，他们有时会在竞争中获胜。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Georgeisonlyastalking（）,hismotheristherealboss

问题1选项

A.horse

B.cat

C.duck

D.tiger

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项horse“马，骑兵，脚架”；B选项cat“猫，猫科动物”；C选项duck“鸭子，鸭肉”；D选项tiger“老虎，凶暴的人”。stalkinghorse“用以掩人耳目的人(或物)，用以掩蔽的事物，(为试探对手支持率而推出的)掩护性候选人”。句意：乔治只是个幌子，他妈妈才是真正的老板。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

问题1选项

A.conventionalized

B.manipulated

C.transmitted

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conventionalized“使习俗化；使样式化”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项transmitted“传输；传送”；D选项aggrandize“增加；夸大；强化”。句意：在一些文化中，魔术的精华是它传统的完整性；只有当它从古代到今天都完整地传递下来时它才有效果。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Youcan’thelpbuthearcommercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertising（）.

问题1选项

A.soonandsoforth

B.moreorless

C.somethingorother

D.soonerorlater

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项soonandsoforth“等等”；B选项moreorless“或多或少”；C选项somethingorother“什么的（表示模糊概念），常用于口语”；D选项soonerorlater“迟早”。句意：你不由得去听一些广告，因为每隔几分钟节目就会被打断，给你一个广告什么的。C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Thousandsofanti-capitalistprotesterstook（）thestreetsinscoresofcitiesaroundtheworld.

问题1选项

A.in

B.into

C.to

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项takein“吸收，领会，欺骗，接待，接受，理解，拘留，欺骗，让……进入，改短”；B选项takeinto“考虑到，说服”；C选项taketo“喜欢，走向，开始从事”；D选项takeoff“起飞，脱下，离开，突然成功”。句意：成千上万的反资本主义抗议者在世界各地的城市街头上走着。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

（）theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

问题1选项

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见的三种形式：与过去事实相反的假设，从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+过去分词”；与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should+动词原形”；与将来事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“should（wereto）+动词原形”，主句用“should+动词原形”。句意：假如我们接受他们的条件的话，我们就会破产。表示的是与将来事实相反的假设，因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句用法。“过去分词+asitis(was)”“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。由于lying为lie的现在分词，故用“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”这个句型，此句相当于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤矿位于深山深处，所以必须从深谷里运来。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

问题1选项

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indolence“懒散，懒惰，无痛”；B选项fatigue“疲劳，疲乏，杂役”；C选项vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸尘器”；D选项leave“离开，许可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲劳”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一击，可能会发现自己正在与同情疲劳作斗争。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

AfterthreeweeksoffruitlesshagglingwithPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahu,theObamaadministrationhasgivenupitseffortstopersuadetheIsraeligovernmenttofreezeconstructionofJewishsettlementsfor90days,asenioradministrationofficialsaidTuesday.

ThedecisionleavesMiddleEastpeacetalksinflux,withthePalestiniansrefusingtoresumedirectnegotiationsabsentamoratoriumtheUnitedStatesstrugglingtofindanotherformulatobringthembacktothetable.Itisanothersetbackinwhathasprovedtobeastar-crossedcampaignbyPresidentObama.

Theadministrationdecidedtopulltheplug,officialssaid,becauseitconcludedthatevenifMr.Netanyahupersuadedhiscabinettoacceptafreeze—whichhehadnotyetbeenabletodo—the90-daynegotiatingperiodwouldnothaveproducedtheprogressoncoreissuesthattheUnitedStatesoriginallyhadsought.

AdministrationofficialsdidnotofferaPlanBtorevivethetalks,andanalystssaiditwasnotclearthattheadministrationhadone,beyondageneralcommitmenttokeeptalkingtotheIsraelisandPalestiniansaboutthemajorissuesthatdividethem:borders,securityandthestatusofJerusalem,amongothers.

Apreviewoftheadministration’snextmovecouldcomeinanaddressonMiddleEastpolicythatSecretaryofStateHillaryRodhamClintonisscheduledtodeliveronFridayattheBrookingsInstitution.Buttheadministration’sstrategyappearedtobeunsettled.

“Wisely,inmyview,theadministrationisbendingtoreality,”saidRobertMalley,apeacenegotiatorintheClintonadministration,“Themostlikelyscenarioisthatthismoratoriumwasgoingtobuythemashortreprieve,andwasthengoingtoplungethemintothesamecrisistheywereinbefore”.

NeithertheIsraelisnorthePalestiniansissuedaresponsetothenews.ButadministrationofficialssaidtheUnitedStatesmadethedecisionafterconsultationsbetweenMrs.ClintonandMr.Netanyahu.Thetwohadhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreeze,whichMr.NetanyahulatersaidhecouldnotselltohiscabinetwithoutwrittensecurityassurancesfromtheAmericans.

Thoseassurances,whichincluded20F-35stealthairplanesandanAmericanpledgetovetoanti-IsraelresolutionsattheUnitedNations,wereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.Whilethatpackageisnowoffthetable,anofficialsaid,hereiteratedthattheUnitedStateswouldcontinuetoprotectIsrael’ssecurityandfighteffortstochallengeitslegitimacyininternationalorganizations.

Intheshortrun,analystssaidthefailureraisedquestionsaboutMr.Netanyahu’scapacitytonegotiateafinaldeal.

ButthePalestiniansalsoshiftedtheirposition,insistingthatasettlementfreezemustincludeEastJerusalemaswellastheWestBank.Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.TheUnitedStatesneveraskedMr.NetanyahutoexpandittoJerusalem,andanalystssaidMr.Netanyahuwouldneverhavebeenabletopersuadehisright-wingcabinettogoalongwithit.

Therewerealsodeeplydivergentviewsaboutwhatthetwosideswoulddiscussduringthe90days,officialssaid.ThePalestinianswantedthetalkstofocustightlyonthebordersofafuturePalestinianstate.Mr.Netanyahuresistedthat,sayingthetwosidesmustdiscussthefullgamutofissuesratherthanjustborders.

Mr.ObamabegandirectnegotiationswithgreathooplainearlySeptember,butthetalksgroundtoahaltwithinweeksovertheissueofsettlements.Aftermeetingthreetimesinthatmonth,Mr.NetanyahuandthePalestinianAuthoritypresident,MahmoudAbbas,havenotsatdownsincethen.

1.Astar-crossedcampaignreferstoa(n)（）one.

2.Theadministration’snextmoveisaboutto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Ashortreprievereferstoashort（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingservestobethebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.unhappy

B.confused

C.transient

D.shining

问题2选项

A.bendtothereality

B.vetoanti-IsraeliresolutionsattheUnitedNations

C.expandasettlementfreezetoJerusalem

D.hanginthebalance

问题3选项

A.ThewrittensecurityassurancesfromtheAmericanswereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.

B.Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.

C.ThePalestinianswantedthetalkstofocustightlyontheborderofafuturePalestinianstate.

D.Mr.Netanyahuhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreezewithObama.

问题4选项

A.respite

B.retraction

C.reproof

D.repository

问题5选项

A.Mr.Obamabegandirectnegotiationswithgreathoopla.

B.U.S.dropsbidtoswayIsraelonsettlements.

C.TheIsraelisandPalestiniansareatcrossedpurposes.

D.TheMiddleEastpeacetalksareinflux.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Itisanothersetbackinwhathasprovedtobeastar-crossedcampaignbyPresidentObama.（这是奥巴马总统短期尝试中的又一次挫折。）”，star-crossed本意是时运不济的，倒霉的，但在文中提到美国政府在首次尝试失败后，想通过其他方法让巴勒斯坦政府重新回到谈判桌上。较之前奥巴马政府已经证实了的短期尝试来说这又是一大阻碍。A选项“不快乐的；不幸福的；不适当的”；B选项“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项transient“短暂的；路过的”；D选项“光亮的；华丽的；杰出的”，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“Wisely,inmyview,theadministrationisbendingtoreality（在我看来，明智的做法是，政府正在向现实屈服）”。A选项“屈从于现实”正确；B选项“在联合国否决反以色列决议”和C选项“扩大对耶路撒冷定居点的冻结”以及D选项“悬而未决”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Thoseassurances,whichincluded20F-35stealthairplanesandanAmericanpledgetovetoanti-IsraelresolutionsattheUnitedNations,wereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.（这些保证包括20架F-35隐形飞机，以及美国承诺在联合国否决反以色列决议，但从未向以色列提供。）”和第十段“Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.（以色列最初的10个月禁令只包括约旦河西岸。）”以及第七段“Thetwohadhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreeze（双方敲定了为期90天的冻结协议）”，由此可知A选项“美国人的书面安全保证从未交给以色列人”；B选项“以色列最初的10个月禁令只包括约旦河西岸。”和D选项“内塔尼亚胡与奥巴马敲定了为期90天的冻结协议。”文中都有提到，C选项“巴勒斯坦人希望谈判集中讨论未来巴勒斯坦国的边界问题。”文章中没有提及，因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“Themostlikelyscenarioisthatthismoratoriumwasgoingtobuythemashortreprieve,andwasthengoingtoplungethemintothesamecrisistheywereinbefore.（最有可能的情况是该中止计划仅为暂缓之计，之后他们将会再一次陷入与以前同样的危机之中）”。A选项“缓解；暂缓；暂时的休息；缓期执行”正确；B选项“撤回，撤销；收回”和C选项“责备；谴责”以及D选项“贮藏室，仓库；知识库；智囊团”均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。联系原文可知该文章是一篇新闻报道，该类文本的主题句一般都在开头或结尾。文章第一句说到“AfterthreeweeksoffruitlesshagglingwithPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahu,theObamaadministrationhasgivenupitseffortstopersuadetheIsraeligovernmenttofreezeconstructionofJewishsettlementsfor90days（在与以色列总理内塔尼亚胡讨价还价三周无果后，奥巴马政府已放弃说服以色列政府冻结犹太人定居点建设90天的努力）”，由此可知文章主要是在说奥巴马政府放弃在定居点问题上左右以色列的努力。A选项“奥巴马在大吹大擂中开始了直接谈判”；C选项“以色列人和巴勒斯坦人在目的上有分歧”；D选项“中东和谈正在不断变化”都不如B选项“美国放弃在定居点问题上左右以色列的努力”更能概括文章大意，因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Thereislikelytobetensionbetweenlandlordandtenant,betweenlargelandownersandimpecuniouspeasants.

问题1选项

A.petty

B.modicum

C.impoverished

D.frolicsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项petty“琐碎的；小气的；小规模的”；B选项modicum“（n.）少量，一点点”；C选项impoverished“穷困的；用尽了的，无创造性的”；D选项frolicsome“嬉戏的，爱闹着玩的”。句意：地主和佃户之间、大地主和贫穷的农民之间可能会出现紧张关系。impecunious“没有钱的；贫穷的”。C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timeworkorelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequatefortheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

问题1选项

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering.

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty.

C.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpicture/ofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities.

D.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment.

问题2选项

A.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

B.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s

C.povertyhasincreasedsincethe1930’s

D.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

问题3选项

A.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

B.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

C.Thelaborforceshouldberestructuredsothatitcorrespondstotherangeofjobvacancies.

D.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

问题4选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesandremainpoor

D.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

问题5选项

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论的内容可由第一段结尾和第二段开头得知“…sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.（因此贫困统计绝不是劳动力市场病态的准确指标。然而，我们的社会统计数据也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关困难的程度。）”。由此可知文章主要讲述了为什么收入估算措施对于知晓贫困程度而言是不精确的。A选项“是什么导致了劳动力市场的病态，导致了痛苦”；B选项“为什么收入衡量在衡量贫困程度上不精确”；C选项“社会统计如何不清楚地说明低工资和就业机会不足所造成的困难程度”；D选项“目前使用的统计程序中，哪一种是估计失业造成的困难发生率的最佳方法”。因此B选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners（今天失业造成的影响不及20世纪30年代那般严重，那时失业的都是养家糊口的人）”，由此可推断出在那个时候失业对一个家庭而言就意味着吃住问题得不到解决，现在失业的影响比那时候小得多。A选项“失业现在的影响不那么严重了”正确；B选项“20世纪30年代，更多的人失业”；C选项“20世纪30年代以来贫困户增加了”；D选项“现在更需要社会项目”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

3.主旨大意题。联系71题可知作者提出的问题为“为什么收入估算措施对于知晓贫困程度而言是不精确的”，所以A选项“应该制定新的统计指标来衡量失业和报酬不足造成痛苦的程度”最能回应该问题；B选项“应该考虑到统计数据可以作为他们声称要测量的现象的部分原因的方法”；C选项“劳动力结构应调整，使其与职位空缺范围相适应”；D选项“应该建立使用多种方法的创新项目来降低失业水平”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第二句话“Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.（失业率统计排除了数百万完全就业的工人，他们的工资太低，以至于他们的家庭仍然处于贫困之中。）”，由此可知失业统计不包括那些低工资工作和仍然贫穷的人的事实。A选项“一群低薪工人失业期的反复出现”；B选项“每个工人可能从多个工作中获得收入的可能性”；D选项“建立一个记录制度，使汇编贫困统计数字成为可能”都不符合题意，C选项“失业统计不包括那些低工资工作和仍然贫穷的人的事实”正确，因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句话“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.（贫困统计中统计的大多数人是老年人、残疾人或因家庭责任而无法进入劳动力市场的人，因此贫困统计绝不是劳动力市场病态的准确指标。）”。A选项“短期内贫困人口数量的增加可能意味着就业机会的短缺，因为无法接受就业的基本人数大致保持不变”；B选项“对于那些因失业而陷入贫困的人，有提供最低生活标准的社会项目”；C选项“贫穷统计数字与收入统计数字并不一致，因为每一项都被视为衡量失业造成的困难的指标”都不符合题意，没有表达作者的批评，D选项“老年人和残疾人类别包括许多以前在劳动力市场工作的人”符合题意，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Gethimtosignthecontractbeforehehassecond（）.

问题1选项

A.idea

B.ideas

C.thought

D.thoughts

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。secondthought“（单数）重新考虑”；secondthoughts“（复数）反复考虑”。句意：在他犹豫之前让他签合同。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Tom’s（）ishighinthenetworknewsbusiness.

问题1选项

A.trump

B.game

C.stock

D.dot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trump“王牌，法宝，喇叭”；B选项game“游戏，比赛，猎物，野味”；C选项stock“股份，股票，库存，血统，树干，家畜”；D选项dot“点，圆点，嫁妆”。句意：汤姆在网络新闻业务中所占有的股份比例很高。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrincetonwas（）AlbertEinstein.

问题1选项

A.nonebut

B.noneotherbut

C.nootherbut

D.nobodybut

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项nonebut“仅有；无；只有……才”；B选项noneotherbut与noneotherthan意思相同，意为“不是别人，正是……”；C选项nootherbut没有这种用法；D选项nobodybut“除了……没有人”。句意：那个女孩在普林斯顿大街上遇到的长相滑稽的男人不是别人，正是阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如……一样，像……一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

问题1选项

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。A选项reinforces,pronouncements“加强，加固；强化；补充”，“声明；宣告；公告；判决”；B选项advances,aphorisms“提出；预付；使……前进；将……提前；前进；进展；上涨”，“格言；警句”；C选项belies,platitudes“掩饰；与……不符；使失望；证明……虚假错误”，“陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐”；D选项undermines,judgments

“破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基”，“判断；裁判；判决书；辨别力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文学批评掩盖了她犀利评论的名声；尽管书名引人入胜，书皮上也有溢美之词，但这本书不过是陈词滥调的集合。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Itriedinvainto（）themantheslip.

问题1选项

A.give

B.omit

C.offer

D.serve

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项give“给；产生；让步；举办；授予”；B选项omit“省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽；没做”；C选项offer“提供；出价；试图；意图；录取通知书”；D选项serve“招待，供应；为……服务；对……有用；可作……用”。根据固定搭配givesomebodytheslip“趁某人不备时溜掉”可知该题选give。句意：我试图甩掉那个人，但没有成功。因此A选项正确。

18.单选题

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

问题1选项

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。supportfrom“来自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“来自主要议员的支持”；atkeymoment“在关键时刻”，因此A选项正确。

19.单选题

Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy（）payrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.

问题1选项

A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查引导词辨析。从语义上分析，后半句应是修饰policy的一个定语从句。which不可以用来引导该定语从句，因为which总要在从句中充当一定的成分。whether与what不引导定语从句。where相当于inwhich。当然，与where相比，在从句中我们更常用whereby来充当关系代词。句意：这家公司现在实行一项新工资政策，加薪与绩效挂钩。因此B选项正确。

20.单选题

Wecarriedout（）checksonthevehiclesbeforetheyleavethedepot.

问题1选项

A.spot

B.pot

C.rain

D.coat

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项spot“地点，斑点，认出，弄脏”；B选项pot“壶，盆，罐”；C选项rain“雨，下雨，雨天，雨季”；D选项coat“外套，覆盖……的表面”。spotcheck意为抽查。其他关于spot的固定搭配还有onthespot“立刻，当场，在危险中，处于负责地位”；aspotof“少量的，一点儿”等，因此A选项正确。

21.单选题

Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas（）fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.

问题1选项

A.acontroversial

B.astatistical

C.anexplicit

D.anunimpeachable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”；B选项statistical“统计的；统计学的”；C选项explicit“明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的”；D选项unimpeachable“无可指责的；无可怀疑的；无懈可击的；无过失的，无罪的”。句意：18世纪的小说中，女性的作品要比男性的多得多，但直到最近，这种主导地位一直被认为只是一个统计事实，一种只有文献学家才注意到的晦涩知识。因此B选项正确。

22.单选题

Whatwill（）leadto?

问题1选项

A.thepolicyofthegovernment’s

B.thispolicyofthegovernment’s

C.thispolicyofagovernments

D.thepolicyofagovernments

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。双重属格的第一个名词不可以使用表示确定特指的the，但可以使用this。第二个名词词组则不可以用表示不确定特指的a，只能用the。句意：政府的这一政策将导致什么？因此B选项正确。

23.单选题

Iamtoinformyou,thatyoumay,ifyouwish,attendtheinquiry,andattheinspectorsdiscretionstateyourcase（）orthroughanentrustedrepresentative.

问题1选项

A.indepth

B.insecret

C.inperson

D.inexcess

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项indepth“深入地；全面地”；B选项insecret“秘密地；私下地”；C选项inperson“本人；亲自”；D选项turnup“出现；发生；开大；发现；卷起；使仰卧”。句意：我要通知你，如果你愿意，你可以参加调查，并根据调查人员的决定亲自或委托代表陈述你的情况。因此C选项正确。

24.单选题

Heenjoyedthedessertsomuchthatheacceptedasecond（）whenitwasoffered.

问题1选项

A.loading

B.piling

C.helping

D.sharing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项loading“装载；装货；装载的货”；B选项piling“地桩；打桩；桩材；打桩工程”；C选项helping“（食物的）一份”；D选项sharing“公用，共享”。句意：他非常喜欢甜点，所以当有人给他第二份时，他接受了。因此C选项正确。

25.单选题

ItwouldappearthatKennedypursuedapolicyattimesmorerigidthanthatofEisenhower,thathefearedChinamoreintenselyandthatheplacatedChiangKai-shekmoreassiduously.

问题1选项

A.provascularly

B.arbitratively

C.formidably

D.sedulously

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义副词辨析。A选项provascularly和B选项arbitratively形式的副词不存在；C选项formidably“强大地；难对付地；可怕地”；D选项sedulously“孜孜不倦地；勤勉地”。句意：肯尼迪奉行的政策有时似乎比艾森豪威尔的更为严格，他更害怕中国，更积极地安抚蒋介石。assiduously“刻苦地；勤勉地”，D选项与该词词意最相近，因此D选项正确。

26.单选题

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

问题1选项

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项uplevel仅有uplevel形式，意为“高电平”；B选项uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；报升”；C选项upmarket“质优价高的；高级的；在高档之列”；D选项upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鲜花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高档零售商的销售一直很火爆，在上个假期期间，占Numi销售额的比例从9%跃升至26%。upscale“高消费阶层的，高档的”，C选项与该词词意最相近，因此C选项正确。

27.单选题

TheshuttleColumbiawasdoomedinpartbecauseNASAreliedonflawedcomputersimulationsandmathematicalformulasthatfailedtoaccuratelypredictdamagetotheshuttlefromflyingpiecesoffoam,documentsreleasedbythespaceagencyandthegroupinvestigatingtheaccidentshow.

NuclearandaviationindustrysafetyexpertswhoarefamiliarwiththesortsofanalysesNASAusedsayspaceagencyofficialswerewrongtorelyonthesimulationstogaugerisks.Instead,theexpertssay,theyshouldhaveperformedtestsonshuttlecomponentstodeterminethedamagethatfoamfromthefueltankmightdotoitswing.

Thesesimulationsandformulassomedonebeforethelaunch,othersdoneduringthemissionoftenwerebasedonerroneousassumptionsabouttheabilityoftheshuttletowithstanddamage.NASAmanagersassumeditwassafeforColumbiatoreturntoEartheventhoughfoamhadstruckthewing.

Thefoamhittheleftwing82secondsafterliftoffandbrokethroughoneofthecarbonpanelsdesignedtoprotectthewingsfromtheintenseheatofre-entry.Columbiabrokeapartasitre-enteredEarth’satmosphereonFeb.1.Allsevenastronautswerekilled.

Today,theColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardWillissueitsfindingsonwhatcausedtheaccident.Inadditiontodetailinghowtheblowfromthefoamledtothebreak-up,theboardwilldocumenthowdecisionsbyNASAmanagersunderestimatedtheperilColumbiafacedandhowtheyignoredwarnings,accordingtopreviouspublicstatementsfromboardmembers.

Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

AmongtheareastobediscussedisNASA’srelianceoncomputersimulationsandmathematicalmodels.Beforethemission—andagainafterfuzzyphotosshowedthefoamhadhitColumbia’swing-simulationsandotheranalysesledtopoordecisionsbyNASAmanagers,documentsshow.ThesimulationsappeartohaveblindedthemtodangersignalsaboutfoamonearlierflightsandledthemtodramaticallyunderestimatethethreattoColumbia.Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

Inonecase,duringtheColumbiamission,atleast75shuttleexpertswithNASAanditscontractorsweresoconcernedaboutthepoorqualityofdatainananalysistheywerepreparingthattheyrecommendedtakingphotosoftheshuttleinspace,sourcessay.Thosephotoscouldhaveshownwhetherfoamhaddamagedtheleftwing.

Instead,NASAmanagerstrustedtheanalysisthattheexpertssaidwassoflawed.Theanalysiswronglyestimatedwherethefoamhitandconcludedthattheshuttlehadnotsustainedsignificantdamage.HadNASAknowntheextentofthedamage,theagencymighthavelaunchedarescuemissiontotrytosaveColumbia’screw.

EngineersconnectedtotheanalysissaytheyareangryandpuzzledthatNASAwouldnotseekphotosfromsatellitesortelescopes.NASAmanagerssaytheywerenottoldofthelimitationsoncomputersimulationsandanalyses.

Bynecessity,NASAreliesheavilyoncomputermodelsandotheranalysistoolstoprovidecluesaboutwhathappenstotheshuttlefromlaunchuntilre-entry.Itcannoteasilyrecreatetheextremetemperaturesofspaceinalab.Usedproperly,suchanalysescanimprovesafety.Indeed,analysistechniquesroutinelyhelpdesignsaferjetwingsandnuclearplants.

Butsafetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriessaythey’velearnedthehardwaymathematicalformulasandcomputersimulationscannotfullymimicnature.SeveralmajoraviationcrashesandtheThreeMileIslandnuclearaccidentwerecausedbypooranalyses,expertssay.

“Youneedtotakeintoaccounttheuncertainties”saysElizabethPate-Cornell,chairmanofthemanagementsciencesandengineeringdepartmentatStanfordUniversity.“It’stheoldstory:garbagein,garbageout.”

AsColumbiaorbited,engineerserroneouslyconcludedthefoamcouldnotdamagethewing’scarbonpanels.Theanalysiswasbasedonearliertestsofsmallicepelletshittingthepanels.Butthosetestscouldnotpre