高考英语一轮复习：构词法课件

构词法1.discloseone’ssecret2.Microblog3.It'sallfloatingcloud.4.envious,jealousandhateful

.猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语神马都是浮云微博

吐槽

1.派生法：词根+前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词羡慕嫉妒恨

5.time-travelTVdrama6.grouppurchasing7.daddy-is-the-key8.leftoverladies穿越剧

团购

拼爹

剩女

9.被雷倒(到)了inshock/shocksb

10.淡定keepcalm/calmdown2.合成法：即由两个或多个单词合成一个单词。3.转换法：同一单词具有多种词性，即词性活用。构词法的分类构词法：合成(Compounding)

派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】{二、派生词(一)名词后缀1．动词＋­ion/­tion/­sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correctv.

纠正__________n.

改正celebratev.

庆祝___________n.

庆祝；庆祝会concludev.

完成___________n.

结论；结束2．动词＋­er/­or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drivev.

驾驶；驱赶________n.

司机；驾驶员gatherv.

聚集；采集_________n.

收集者；采集者conductv.

指挥；管理__________n.

指挥；售票员3．动词＋­ment→名词punishv.

惩罚 ___________n.

惩罚correctioncelebrationconclusiondriver

gathererconductorpunishment4．动词/形容词＋­th→名词

warmadj._________n.growv.__________n.5．形容词＋­y→名词

difficultadj._________n.honestadj._________n.6．形容词＋­ness→名词

kindadj. ___________n.7．动词＋­ance→名词

annoyvt. _____________n.8．­ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)membern.成员；会员_____________n.会员资格

professorn.教授_______________n.教授身份9．­ing结尾的名词

gardenn.花园____________n.园艺warmthgrowthdifficultyhonestykindnessannoyancemembershipprofessorshipgardening

(二)形容词、副词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋­al→形容词(表示“有…属性”，“与…有关”)agriculturen.农业

agricultural

adj.农业的(2)动词＋­ive→形容词

decidev.决定；下决心

decisiveadj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋­able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)changev.变化；兑换

changeable

adj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋­ful→形容词

caren.小心；关心

carefuladj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋­1ess→形容词(意思与原名词相反)caren.小心；关心

carelessadj.粗心的(6)名词＋­1y→形容词

friendn.朋友

friendlyadj.友好的(7)名词＋­y→形容词

dirtn.污物；脏物

dirtyadj.脏的(8)名词＋­ous→形容词

dangern.危险

dangerousadj.危险的2．副词后缀形容词＋­ly→副词(1)carefuladj.仔细的 __________adv.仔细地(2)trueadj.________adv.(3)happyadj.___________adv.(4)possibleadj.___________adv.(5)basicadj._____________adv.规则：一般情况加ly,元e去e加ly,辅y改i加ly,le结尾e改y,ic结尾加ally.3．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋­ing分词

easy­going随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋­ed kind­hearted善良的；好心的(3)名词＋­ed分词

water­covered被水覆盖的(4)副词＋­ed分词

well­written写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋­ed three­legged三条腿的carefullytrulyhappilypossiblybasically(三)动词词缀1．前缀­en＋形容词→动词enrichv.丰富 enlargev.变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋­en→动词enlightenv.说明；阐明 shortenv.缩短widenv.加宽3．­fy结尾的动词simplifyv.简化classifyv.归类4．­ize结尾的动词realizev.认识到 popularizev.普及(四)否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀

unable不能够unlucky不幸的

dishonest不诚实的

discontinuous不连贯的

inactive不活跃的

incorrect不正确的

impatient不耐烦的

impossible不可能的

irregular不规则的

irresponsible不负责任的

illogical不合逻辑的

illegal非法的un­不，非

dis­不，非

in­不，非

im­不，非

(以p开头的词）ir­不，非

(以r开头的词）

i1­不，非

(以l开头的词）

non­不，非

non­existent不存在的non­stop直达的；连续不断的mis­错误

mislead误导

misunderstand误解dis­＋动词(意义相反)

dislike不喜欢disagree不同意un­＋动词(意义相反)

uncover揭开undress脱衣服2．表示否定意义的后缀名词＋­less→否定意义的形容词usen.用处uselessadj.无用的hopen.希望

hopelessadj.

没有希望的；绝望的homen.家

homelessadj.无家可归的Summary一、构词法的分类:派生词转换法合成法

二、派生词(一)名词后缀1．动词＋­ion/­tion/­sion2．动词＋­er/­or3．动词＋­ment4．动词/形容词＋­th5．形容词＋­y6．形容词＋­ness7．动词＋­ance8．­ship结尾9．­ing结尾(二)形容词后缀(1)名词＋­al(2)动词＋­ive(3)动词＋­able(4)名词＋­ful(5)名词＋­1ess(6)名词＋­1y(7)名词＋­y(8)名词＋­ous副词后缀形容词＋­ly→副词(三)动词词缀(四)否定词缀­en，­fy，­izeun-，dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir-,non-,mis-,-less

构词法与高考一.阅读1.Toconstructaworkingstill（蒸馏器）,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Then...(2017全国I卷)33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.2.IworkwithvolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.(2017全国I卷阅读B篇)1.运用构词法巧解猜词题2.根据构词法猜词义，理解文章。高考阅读题中，利用构词法构成的新词不算是生词哦。1.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.short-tempered急脾气的2.Heissaidtobe“undersized,”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.undersized个子小的即时练习1二.语篇填空1.给出名词，变名词复数或改为形容词。(1)...formostofusthe69_______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70________(patience)(2014全国I卷)(2)....arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65_________(painting).（2015全国I卷）20(3)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69______(day)withhissister...（2016全国I卷）(4)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学界）61asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62_____(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease（2017全国I卷）changespatientpaintingsdayseffects2.给出动词，变为名词或形容词。(1)Whilethereare68________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,...(2014全国I卷)(2)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61__________(attract).（2016全国I卷）(3)However,be69_______(care)nottogotoextremes.（2017全国I卷）amazing

attraction

careful

3.给出形容词，变为副词或用比较级。(1)Theriverwassopollutedthatit62________(actual)caughtfireandburned....Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66________(clean)thanever.(2014全国I卷)(2)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople(2015全国I卷)(3)Thetitlewillbe63__________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016全国I卷)(4)Even66________bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017全国I卷)actuallycleanerregularlyofficiallyworse用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Youmustdotheexercises____________(care).2.Abusinesscan’trunwellwithoutgood___________(manage).3.Hewasso____________(kindness)thathegavememanystorybooks.managementkindcarefully即时练习2三短文改错1.Theteachersherearekind