北京市2023届高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题word含解析

2022-2023学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JohnOenswasanenthusiastichunterandenjoyedbeinginthewoods.OnceintotheWisconsinwildernessinNovember,histeamencounteredsomethingunbelievablewhenhecheckedthe___1___.Insteadofacoyote,hesawahugetimberwolf,whichisontheendangeredspecieslist,tryingtogetfree.Johnrealizedhecouldn’t___2___thiswolf,sincetheanimalmightdieofexposure.However,hehadtoputhis___3___onthelinetofreethecreature.Hisheartwaspoundingwhileheprepared.Hisdadrantothetrucktogetagunasaprecautionandsomeplywood(夹板).___4___,theycouldfigureitoutwithoutthegun.Alittletimehadpassedsincetheyfoundthewolf,butitseemedlikeaneternity(永恒)toJohn.Whenhisdadreturned,Johnputtheplaninmotion.He___5___theplywood,usingitashisshield(盾牌).Whileallthathappened,hisfriendfilmedeverything.Hisdadwasalsoavailabletofirethegunifthewolfdecidedtoattack.Theywerepreparedbut___6___!John___7___closerandcloserallthewhile.Hisdadwasareassuringsightforhim.Johnlookedathisfriendformoralsupport,___8___thatnowwaswhentheactionstarted.Finally,Johnfreedthewolf’spawfromthetrap.Ittookonemomentforittospinandflyaway.Thethreemenwerehappybecausethewolfwasfree,andJohnwasstillsafe.Whentheyviewedthevideotoseeitall___9___later,theynoticedthewolflookatJohnforabriefmomentbeforerunningbacktothewoods.Wasithiswayofshowingappreciation?Anyhow,Johnmadethebest_____10_____!1.A.traps B.plans C.routes D.numbers2.A.free B.help C.miss D.abandon3.A.hands B.life C.mind D.hope4.A.Hopefully B.Excitedly C.Finally D.Causally5.A.tookover B.setdown C.pickedup D.gaveaway6.A.determined B.interested C.scared D.disappointed7.A.checked B.inched C.rushed D.rolled8.A.signaling B.guessing C.remembering D.deciding9A.develop B.unfold C.end D.record10.A.challenge B.preparation C.choice D.discovery【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A5.C6.C7.B8.D9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述约翰·欧恩斯在威斯康星州的荒野外救助一只掉入陷阱里大灰狼。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年11月，他的团队进入威斯康星州的荒野，在检查陷阱时遇到了难以置信的事情。A.traps陷阱；B.plans计划；C.routes路线；D.numbers数字。根据文章倒数第二段“Finally,Johnfreedthewolf’spawfromthetrap.”可知，约翰·欧恩斯和他的团队检查陷阱时发现了大灰狼。故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰意识到他不能抛弃这只狼，因为它可能会冻死。A.free释放；B.help帮助；C.miss错过；D.abandon抛弃。根据“sincetheanimalmightdieofexposure.”可知，为了不让狼冻死，所以约翰决定不抛弃这只狼。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不得不冒着生命危险去解救它。A.hands手；B.life生命；C.mind想法；D.hope希望。putone’slifeontheline冒着生命危险。根据第四段“Hisdadwasalsoavailabletofirethegunifthewolfdecidedtoattack.”可知，约翰冒着生命危险去解救掉到陷阱里的狼。故选B。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：希望他们不用枪也能把它救出来。A.Hopefully怀着希望地；B.Excitedly激动地；C.Finally最终；D.Causally有原因地。根据“Hisdadrantothetrucktogetagunasaprecautionandsomeplywood(夹板).”可知，他们希望不用枪也能把狼救出来。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他捡起夹板，把它当作盾牌。A.tookover接受；B.setdown写下；C.pickedup捡起；D.gaveaway赠送。根据“Hisdadrantothetrucktogetagunasaprecautionandsomeplywood(夹板).”和“usingitashisshield(盾牌).”可知，约翰捡起夹板当作盾牌，以防狼的攻击。故选C。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们准备好了，但是很害怕!A.determined坚定的；B.interested有趣的；C.scared害怕的；D.disappointed失望的。根据“Theywereprepared”和转折词but可知，虽然准备好了，但仍然很害怕。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，约翰慢慢地越靠越近。A.checked检查；B.inched慢慢移动；C.rushed猛冲；D.rolled滚动。根据“closerandcloserallthewhile”可知，约翰慢慢移动去靠近狼。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰看着他的朋友寻求精神上的支持，决定现在是行动开始的时候了。A.signaling表示；B.guessing猜；C.remembering记得；D.deciding决定。根据“Johnlookedathisfriendformoralsupport,”可知，有了朋友的支持，约翰决定开始营救狼了。故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们随后观看视频时，他们注意到这只狼看了约翰一会儿，然后跑回了树林。A.develop发展；B.unfold打开；C.end结束；D.record记录。根据第四段“Whileallthathappened,hisfriendfilmedeverything.”可知，因为朋友全程录制了视频，所以营救过狼之后他们打开所录制的视频。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，约翰做了最好的选择!A.challenge挑战；B.preparation准备；C.choice选择；D.discovery发现。根据“Whentheyviewedthevideotoseeitall___9___later,theynoticedthewolflookatJohnforabriefmomentbeforerunningbacktothewoods.Wasithiswayofshowingappreciation?”可知，约翰成功地营救出狼，做出了最好的选择。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。JapaneseadventurerKenichiHorieat83justbecametheoldestpersonintheworldtocompleteasolo,nonstopvoyageacrossthePacificOcean.Horie____11____（return）homeearlylastSaturday,completinghistrans-Pacificsolovoyagein69days.Asheapproachedtheharbor,Horie,standinginhisboat,tookoffhiswhitecap,andbowed____12____（deep）.“Thankyouforwaiting!”saidHorie,____13____appearedtanned（晒黑的）andwithhiswhitehairlongerthanusual.Buthesaidhewasreadyformoreandwouldkeepuphisworktobealatebloomer.【答案】11.returned12.deeply13.who【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了日本八旬老人Horie独驾帆船横渡太平洋。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：Horie于上周六凌晨回国，用69天的时间完成了他的跨太平洋航行。根据时间状语lastSaturday可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填returned。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：当他接近港口时，Horie站在他的船上，脱下他的白色帽子，深深地鞠了一躬。修饰动词bowed，用副词形式，表示程度深。故填deeply。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“让你久等了!”Horie说，他看上去皮肤黝黑，白发比平时更长。本句为非限定性定语从句，句中先行词为Horie，指人，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EnvironmentalconditionsmaketheGalapagosauniqueislandecosystem.____14____theGalapagosIslandsarelocatedneartheequator,theyreceivecooloceancurrents,whichmakesforastrangetypeoftropicalandtemperateclimate.Formostoftheirhistory,theislandshavebeenextremelyisolated.This____15____(combine)offactorscreatedalaboratoryfortheevolution(演变)ofanunusualmixofplantandanimalspecies.Scientists____16____(study)thiscomplexecosystemformorethan180years.BritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinmaybethemostinfluentialscientisttohavevisitedtheGalapagosIslands.【答案】14.Although##Though##Wbination16.havestudied##havebeenstudying【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环境条件使加拉帕戈斯群岛成为一个独特的岛屿生态系统。【14题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然加拉帕戈斯群岛位于赤道附近，但它们受到凉爽的洋流影响，形成了一种奇怪的热带和温带气候。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词although/though/while。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：这些因素的结合为一种不同寻常的植物和动物物种的进化创造了一个实验室。The/This+名词+of，名词在句中作主语。故填combination。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：180多年来，科学家们（已经研究）一直在研究这个复杂的生态系统。根据时间状语formorethan180years可知，表示动作从过去开始，现在已经完成或仍在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填havestudied/havebeenstudying。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WebdevelopmentandAIhavebeenworkinginterdependently____17____awhilenow.ButtothinkthatAIwouldtakeoverwebdevelopment,theideaseemsquiteunbelievable.AItoolshavemajorshortcomingsthatkeepthemfromindependentlydesigninganddevelopingwebsites.Itonlyservicesasacatalyst(催化剂)forthewebdevelopmentindustry____18____(save)timeandphysicallaborwhendevelopingwebsites,becausethesetoolscannevermeasureuptothecapabilitiesthatahuman____19____(have).Therefore,insteadofseeingAIasathreat,businessesshouldviewAIasanempoweringtoolthatcanaidineverydaytasks____20____(require)timeandeffort.【答案】17.for18.tosave19.has20.requiring【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能对未来网络发展是问题还是机遇。17题详解】考查介词。句意：网络开发和AI相互依存已经有一段时间了。forawhile暂时；一会儿。故填for。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它只是网络开发行业在开发网站时节省时间和体力劳动的催化剂，因为这些工具永远无法达到人类拥有的能力。结合句子结构和句意，表目的应用不定式。故填tosave。【19题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它只是网络开发行业在开发网站时节省时间和体力劳动的催化剂，因为这些工具永远无法达到人类拥有的能力。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语为ahuman，谓语动词用has。故填has。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，企业不应将人工智能视为威胁，而应将人工智能视为一种授权工具，可以在需要时间和精力的日常任务中提供帮助。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词everydaytasks与require之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填requiring。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhatitTakestoGofromHobbyisttoFull-timePhotographerTakingyourphotographyhobbytoaplacewhereyouactuallymakeagoodlivingtakesalotofwork.Butifyoudoittherightway,youwillhaveaFUN,life-changingandexcitingride!1.YouhavePASSIONYouLOVEphotographysomuchthatit'sALLyouthinkabout.YourcameraisyourbabyandtheonlythingyouwantforChristmasisanewlens!2.YouareWILLINGtodotheworkYouarewillingtoputaminimumof10-15hoursaweekintolearning,creating,andbuildingyourbusiness.Youcanbuildyourbusinesswhileyoustillkeepyourdayjob.3.YouLOVEtolearnnewthingsAstheownerofaphotographybusiness,youneedtomasteralotmorethanthecamera.Youmustbewillingtolearnhowtodesignyourblog,runaFacebookpage,connectwithclientsandsomuchmore-it'sanentirebusinessandlifestyletoembraceandenjoy.4.YouknowyourstrengthsOneofthekeystosuccessinthephotographyindustryistochooseaniche,apassionthatyoucombinewithphotography.Ifyoulovedogs,forexample,andknoweverythingaboutthem,youmightwanttoconsiderspecializingindogportraits.Ifyouarethemasterofcakebakingandlovedecoratingcakes,youmightwanttoconsiderspecializinginphotographingpastry.Thepossibilitiesareendless!5.BuildrelationshipswithclientsANDlike-mindedphotographersIfyoutrulywanttogrowyourbusiness,takeyourtimetoconnectwithpeople.Showyoursupport,writecomments,cheer,bepositiveandsay"THANKYOU"whenpeoplecareaboutyouandtaketheirtimetolikeyourwork.Beniceandgivepeopleareasontocare.6.WalkthroughyourFEARSThetruegoalistoACT,despitethefearyouarefeeling.Ninety-percentofthetime,fearisjustthoughtsrunningthroughyourmind,andhasnothingtodowithreality.YOUdeservethebestofthebest.Nowgoforit!21.Ifyoutrulywanttogrowyourbusiness,youaresupposedto________.A.seeksupportfrompeoplearound B.formpositiveconnectionswithpeopleC.givesomegoodreasonsforyourwork D.caremoreaboutyourclients'newwork22.Whichisnecessarytobuildphotographybusinessaccordingtothepassage?A.Spendyourmajortimetakingphotos. B.Makephotographyyourfull-timejob.C.Trytomakefulluseofyouradvantages. D.Getalessonfromyourfearfulexperience.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toprovideinformationforbusinessstarters.B.Toanalyzetheadvantagesofphotographing.C.Toshowthebasicqualitiesofaphotographer.D.Toencouragepeopletotakeupphotographing.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何从业余爱好者到全职摄影师。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据5.BuildrelationshipswithclientsANDlike-mindedphotographers中的“Ifyoutrulywanttogrowyourbusiness,takeyourtimetoconnectwithpeople.(如果你真的想发展自己的事业，那就花点时间与人交流。)”可知，如果你真的想发展你的事业，你应该与人们建立积极的联系。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据4.Youknowyourstrengths中的“Oneofthekeystosuccessinthephotographyindustryistochooseaniche,apassionthatyoucombinewithphotography.(在摄影行业成功的关键之一是选择一个利基，将你的激情与摄影相结合。)”和“Ifyoulovedogs,forexample,andknoweverythingaboutthem,youmightwanttoconsiderspecializingindogportraits.Ifyouarethemasterofcakebakingandlovedecoratingcakes,youmightwanttoconsiderspecializinginphotographingpastry.Thepossibilitiesareendless!(例如，如果你喜欢狗，并了解它们的一切，你可能会考虑专攻狗的肖像。如果你是蛋糕烘焙大师，喜欢装饰蛋糕，你可能想考虑专门拍摄糕点。可能性是无限的!)”可知，建立摄影业务的必要条件是尽量充分利用你的优势。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Takingyourphotographyhobbytoaplacewhereyouactuallymakeagoodlivingtakesalotofwork.(把你的摄影爱好带到一个能让你真正过上好日子的地方需要很多工作。)”和最后一段“Nowgoforit!(现在开始吧!)”及全文可推断，本文的目的是鼓励人们开始摄影。故选D。BOnedaythisearlysummer,RichardBrowningheadedtohisfarmyardintheEnglishcountryside.Heattachedakerosene-fueledmicrogasturbine(燃气涡轮)-effectivelyasmallversionofaplaneengine-toeachofhisarmsandlegs.Thenhecarefullypressedthetriggerinhisrighthand.FormonthsBrowninghadbeenworkingonthissecretproject.Nowthemomentoftruthhadarrived.InthemodestsurroundingsoftheUKcountryside,“Wiltshire’sIronMan”tooktothesky.Sortof.Browning’sfirstlift-offwasshortandclumsy.Forafewseconds,hehovered(盘旋)halfametreofftheground,landingwithanuncontrolledstopascloudsofdustblewuparoundhim.Butitwas,unmistakably,flight.“Thatwastheveryfirstmomentweproperlyprovedthiswouldwork,”hesays.“Thatwasit.”Twoandahalfyearsago,38-year-oldBrowningdecidedhewantedtofly.Human-poweredflightwas,heknew,“averystrangefield”.Nonetheless,itfascinatedhim.Hetriedglidingwithwingsandelectricfanmotors,workingweekendsandevenings.Thenhehadaninspiration-whatifhefastenedajetenginetohisbodyandbuiltareal-lifeversionofTonyStark’siconicsuit?NinemonthssincehisfirsttestflightandBrowning’sintuitionhaspaidoff.Hissuitisalightexoskeletonattachedtosixgasturbineswithacombinedthrust(推力)of130kilograms.Hisfeetarecoveredbyultra-lightsnake-biteresistantwalkingbootsimportedfromtheUS.Andhisflights,fromafewseconds,nowlastaslongastwelveminutes.Thesuitcantravelataspeedofupto450kilometresanhour,althoughBrowninghasn’ttestedittoanywherenearfullcapacity.Itisconstantlyimproving.Workingwithacompanythathadcreatedaugmentedreality(增强现实)swimminggoggles,Browninghasdevelopedaholographiclens“genuinelylikeaheads-updisplayfightersystem”.Withthisinplace,he’llbeabletomonitorhisfuellevels.He’sfullofplansforfutureenhancements:automatedbalancingsystems;3D-printedarmmounts;flexibleLCDscreens“soitwillgoinvisibleatthetouchofabutton”.Browningsaysthesuit,whichhecallsDaedalusafterthelegendaryGreekinventor,isstableandsimpletocontrol.Butitisanaugmentationofhumanability,notapersonalhelicopter.“Tome,thatmakesalotofsenseofwhereI’vegonewithmycareerandmylife”,saysBrowning.Fulfillinganancientdream:afragilehumanbody,risingslowlyintotheair.24.WhatdidBrowningdoinhisfirstlift-off?A.Heglidedwithwings. B.HeworeTonyStark’ssuit.C.Hemettechnicalproblems. D.Hemadeanawkwardlanding.25.WhatcanweknowaboutBrowning’ssuit?A.Itcontainssixmicrogasturbines. B.Itisattachedtoelectricfanmotors.C.Itisultra-lightsnake-biteresistant. D.Ithasautomatedbalancingsystems.26.AccordingtothepassagewhichwordscanbestdescribeRichardBrowning?A.Curiousandgenerous. B.Passionateandcreative.C.Cooperativeandhonest. D.Ambitiousandfaithful.【答案】24.D25.A26.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了布朗宁不断努力，终于研发成功小型飞行器的全部过程。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章的第三段“Browning’sfirstlift-offwasshortandclumsy.Forafewseconds,hehoveredhalfametreofftheground,landingwithanuncontrolledstopascloudsofdustblewuparoundhim.(布朗宁的第一次升空是短暂而笨拙的。他在离地面半米高的地方盘旋了几秒钟，不受控制地停了下来，周围扬起了一团团灰尘)”可知，布朗宁的第一次飞行的着陆时不受控制，非常笨拙。即他的着陆很尴尬。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Hissuitisalightexoskeletonattachedtosixgasturbineswithacombinedthrustof130kilograms(他的衣服是一种轻型外骨骼，连接在6个燃气涡轮机上，总推力为130公斤)”可知，他的衣服搭载了六个燃气涡轮机。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Thesuitcantravelataspeedofupto450kilometresanhour,althoughBrowninghasn’ttestedittoanywherenearfullcapacity.Itisconstantlyimproving.(这款宇航服可以以每小时450公里的速度飞行，尽管布朗宁还没有对它进行过接近全容量的测试。它在不断改进)”以及文章倒数第二段“Browningsaysthesuit,whichhecallsDaedalusafterthelegendaryGreekinventor,isstableandsimpletocontrol(布朗宁称这种以希腊传奇发明家代达罗斯命名的宇航服稳定且易于控制)”可知，布朗宁研发了新型的飞行器并且不厌其烦地对其修改。由此推知，他是一个充满激情并且富有创造力的人。故选B。CExtraverts(外向型的人)arehugelysociable—theyreallycareabouttheirrelationships,andpossessoutstandingsocialskills.Well,that’showextravertsaregenerallydescribed.But,accordingtonewwork,that’snotexactlyhowotherpeopleseethem.InaseriesofstudiesreportedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,FrancisJ.FlynnatStanfordUniversity,USandcolleaguesconsistentlyfoundthatmoreextravertedpeopleareconsideredtobepoorerlisteners.Theirresearchalsorevealsalikelyreasonwhy.Thereisnoacademicagreementonwhatconstitutes“good”listening.But,inlinewithsomeotherresearchers,theteamconceptualisesitasinvolvingemotion-relatedprocesses,cognitiveprocessesandalsobehaviouralprocesses.Ineverydaylife,it’snotnecessarilyeasytoascertainwhetherthepersonwe’retalkingtoisreallylistening,however.Theymightbemakingplentyofeyecontact,forexample,butit’salwayspossiblethatthey’rejustpretendingtobelisteningwell.Inthisresearch,theteamfocusedononlytheparticipants’perceptionsofothers’listeningskills.Inanearlierstudy,147first-yearbusinessstudents,whometweeklyingroupsofsixtoworkonleadershipskills,ratedthelisteningskillsofeveryoneelseintheirgroup.Theparticipantsthencompletedascalethatassessedtheirownextraversion.Theteamfoundthatthosewithhigherself-reportedextraversiongotpoorermarksforlistening.However,inthisstudy,people’sperceptionscouldhavebeeninfluencedbytheactualsocialrelationshipstheyhadwithothermembersoftheirgroup.Soinalmostallofthesubsequentstudies,freshgroupsofparticipantsratedthelisteningskillsoffictionalpeoplewhoweredescribedasfallingatvariouspointsontheintraversion-extraversionspectrum(范围).Resultsfromthesestudiessupportedthepreviousfinding.Timeandagain,extravertedpeoplewereratedasbeingpoorerlistenersinsocialsituations.Astheteamwrites:“Thatis,despitethetendencyforpeopletoseeextravertsashighlysociable,theytendtoseethissociabilityashighlyone-sided.”Anonlinestudyof337US-basedadultssuggestedwhythismightbe.Fictionalpeoplewhoweredescribedashighlyextravertedwerealsoperceivedtobebetteratcontrollingandmodifyinghowtheycomeacrosstoothers.“Toobservers,thissignalofmalleableself-presentationsuggeststhatextravertsaremoreinterestedin‘lookingthepart’thanattendingtowhatothershavetosay,”theteamwrites.Itwouldbereallyinteresting,though,toseeworkonthereal-worldimplicationsofthisparticularbelief.“Forexample,listeninghasbeenidentifiedasthekeytosuccessfulsales,”theteamnotes—soperhapsitwouldbewiseforhighlyextravertedsalespeopletotrytomodifytheirbehaviourwithclients.Avastamountofresearchhasbeendoneonextraversionitself.“Ourfindingscontributetothestudyofextraversionbyexamininghowpeoplethinkaboutextraversion,”theresearcherswrite.Andforunderstandingconversationsandrelationships,whichofcoursearetwo-way,that’sclearlyimportant,too.27.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Somereasonsforpoorlisteningability.B.Theparticipants’perceptionoflistening.C.Acommonunderstandingofgoodlistening.D.Somepracticalskillsinimprovinglistening.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Beingextravertedmightbeanunpleasantpersonality.B.Somepeopleareafraidtoassesstheirgroupmembers.C.Fictionalpeopledecreasethereliabilityoftheresearch.D.Actualsocialrelationshipdeterminesthescoresofrating.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Smart. B.Flexible.C.Consistent. D.Stable.30.Whatmessagedoestheauthorprobablyconveytoextrovertedpeople?A.Itiswisetolistenmorewhencommunicating.B.Focusingonpeople’seyesmakesagoodspeaker.C.Ratingoneselfhonestlyhelpsoneinsocialsituations.D.Itisnecessarytochangeone’sself-presentationstyle.【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现越外向的人越不善于倾听。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，结合“Thereisnoacademicagreementonwhatconstitutes“good”listening.But,inlinewithsomeotherresearchers,theteamconceptualisesitasinvolvingemotion-relatedprocesses,cognitiveprocessesandalsobehaviouralprocesses.(对于什么是“好的”倾听，学术界还没有达成一致。但是，与其他一些研究人员一致，该团队将其概念化，包括与情绪相关的过程、认知过程和行为过程)”可知，本段主要介绍善于倾听的共同理解。故选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theteamfoundthatthosewithhigherself-reportedextraversiongotpoorermarksforlistening.(研究小组发现，那些自我报告外向性较高的人在倾听方面得分较低)”和第四段“However,inthisstudy,people’sperceptionscouldhavebeeninfluencedbytheactualsocialrelationshipstheyhadwithothermembersoftheirgroup.Soinalmostallofthesubsequentstudies,freshgroupsofparticipantsratedthelisteningskillsoffictionalpeoplewhoweredescribedasfallingatvariouspointsontheintraversion-extraversionspectrum(范围).Resultsfromthesestudiessupportedthepreviousfinding.Timeandagain,extravertedpeoplewereratedasbeingpoorerlistenersinsocialsituations(然而，在这项研究中，人们的看法可能会受到他们与团队其他成员的实际社会关系的影响。因此，在随后的几乎所有研究中，新加入的一组参与者都对虚构人物的听力能力进行了评分，这些虚构人物被描述为内向型和外向型的不同类型。这些研究的结果支持了之前的发现。一次又一次地，外向的人被认为是社交场合中糟糕的倾听者)”可推断，外向可能是一种不讨人喜欢的性格。故选A。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“extravertsaremoreinterestedin‘lookingthepart’thanattendingtowhatothershavetosay,"theteamwrites.(外向者更感兴趣的是‘看起来像个参与者’，而不是关注别人说什么)”可知，外向者具有易改变的自我表现。所以malleable为“易改变的，灵活的”之意，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍越外向的人越不善于倾听，并结合倒数第二段的““Forexample,listeninghasbeenidentifiedasthekeytosuccessfulsales,”theteamnotes—soperhapsitwouldbewiseforhighlyextravertedsalespeopletotrytomodifytheirbehaviourwithclients.(“例如，倾听已被确定为成功销售的关键，”该团队指出，因此，高度外向的销售人员尝试改变他们与客户的行为可能是明智的)”推断，作者可能向外向的人传达了交流时多听是明智的信息。故选A。DOutdoorlightingingeneralposesadeadlythreattoinsects.That’saccordingtoastudypublishedonlineinNovember2019inthejournalBiologicalConservation,entitled“LightPollutionIsaDriverofInsectDeclines”.Thearticlenotesthatsuddendropsininsectnumbersaroundtheworldhavehappenedoverthepastcoupleofdecadesinwhatamountstoaninsectdestruction.Theblameisusuallyassignedto“habitatloss,chemicalpollution,invasivespecies,andclimatechange”.Buttheauthorsarguethattheforcesoflightnesshavenotgottentheirdue.Alongtimepreferenceamongecologistsforstudyingdaytimephenomena,andapreferenceforsleepingatnighthasledinsectconservationiststooverlookanotherwidespreadhabitatdisturbance,pollutant,andmethodofinsectcontrol:artificiallightatnight(ALAN).ALAN’sinfluenceoccursthroughitsinterferencewiththedevelopment,movement,foraging,andreproductivesuccessofdiverseinsectspecies.Anotherfactorislight’spositiveeffectoninsectivorepredation.Thatis,birds,bats,amphibiansandarachnidsaren’tstupid-ifalotofinsectsstartswirlingaroundlightsinthenight,predatorswillalsoshowup.Sadly,ALANincreasessharplyafterThanksgiving,asmanypeopleaddfestiveillumination(照明)totheexterioroftheirhousestocelebratetheapproachofChristmas.Manyneighborhoodshaveaparticularhousethatembracesthespiritoftheseasoninsuchanoutsizedwayastoproducearadianthazeperhapsvisibletohuntersinotherstarsystems.ThetaskthenmustbetolessentheecologicalconsequencesofALANoninsectswhilestillmaintainingsufficientlevelsofnighttimeilluminationforhumansafetyandenjoyment.“MonochromaticLEDscanbeengineeredtoproducelightofanydesiredspectralcomposition,”theinvestigatorswrite.“Therefore,onceweknowthespecificwavelengthaffinitiesofinsects,wecanintheorydesignlightswithminimaloutputinthewavelengthsthatmostaffectinsectfitness.”Turningsomeofthelightsoffmightalsohelp.Inmanycases,itisfareasier,quicker,andcheapertoblock,dim,orturnoffalightsourcethanitistofindtheparticularbulbtypeornarrowbandpassfilter(滤波器)thatmakesitsemissionsvisibletohumansalone.Helpendthewaroninsects.Itisbettertoblowoutonecandlethantocursetheplanet.31.WecanknowfromParagraph2that________.A.lightsaretoblameforinsectdecreaseB.lightnesshasn’tgottheattentionitdeservesC.lightnesshasn’tcausedenvironmentalproblemsD.thedyingoutofinsectsistooslowtobenoticed32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostinsectsenjoythelightsatnight.B.Birdsandbatscannothuntwithoutlight.C.Lightsinthenightmakeinsectseasilycaught.D.Lightsinthenighthaspositiveeffectoninsects.33Whatsolutionisproposedinthepassage?A.Tomakelightsonlyvisibletohuman.B.Tousecandlesinsteadoflightbulbsatnight.C.Toreducelightresourcebyturningoffsomelights.D.Tochangethelightbulbsintooneswithspeciallight.34.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheimportanceoflighttoinsectsB.Themaincausesofinsects’decreaseC.Tolight,ortocandle,thatisthequestionD.Toomuchilluminationiskillingvitalinsects【答案】31.B32.C33.C34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Buttheauthorsarguethattheforcesoflightnesshavenotgottentheirdue.(但作者认为，光亮度的影响力没有得到应有的重视。)”可知，光亮度没有得到应有的重视。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thatis,birds,bats,amphibiansandarachnidsaren’tstupid-ifalotofinsectsstartswirlingaroundlightsinthenight,predatorswillalsoshowup.(也就是说，鸟类、蝙蝠、两栖动物和蛛形纲动物并不愚蠢——如果很多昆虫在夜间开始在灯光周围打转，捕食者也会出现。)”可推断，夜间的灯光使昆虫很容易被捕捉。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Turningsomeofthelightsoffmightalsohelp.Inmanycases,itisfareasier,quicker,andcheapertoblock,dim,orturnoffalightsourcethanitistofindtheparticularbulbtypeornarrowbandpassfilter(滤波器)thatmakesitsemissionsvisibletohumansalone.Helpendthewaroninsects.Itisbettertoblowoutonecandlethantocursetheplanet.(关掉一些灯可能也会有帮助。在许多情况下，屏蔽、调暗或关闭光源要比寻找特定类型的灯泡或窄带通滤波器更容易、更快、更便宜，从而使其辐射只对人类可见。帮助结束对昆虫的战争。与其诅咒地球，不如吹灭一根蜡烛。)”可知，通过关闭一些灯来减少光源，从而保护昆虫。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Outdoorlightingingeneralposesadeadlythreattoinsects.That’saccordingtoastudypublishedonlineinNovember2019inthejournalBiologicalConservation,entitled“LightPollutionIsaDriverofInsectDeclines”.(户外照明通常对昆虫构成致命威胁。这是根据2019年11月在《生物保护》杂志在线发表的一项题为“光污染是昆虫数量下降的驱动因素”的研究得出的结论。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。所以“Toomuchilluminationiskillingvitalinsects(过多的光照会杀死重要的昆虫)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatDoesYourHandwritingSayAboutYou?Whydosomepeoplehavebetterhandwritingthanothers?Doesitreflectyourpersonality?Graphologists(笔记学者)believeyourhandwritingspeaksvolumesaboutyourpersonality.Astudybygraphologistssays:“Graphologyisadisciplineusedinthedetermination,study,andinterpretationofaperson’spersonalitywiththeaidofspaces,curves,strokesinahandwrittentext.____35____Itexpressesvariouspersonalitytraits,likehowhonestapersonis,howafraidthepersonis,etc.”Somegraphologistsbelievethatarightslant(倾斜)inyourwritingcouldmeanyouareoutgoingandopentonewthings,butaleftslantcouldmeantheopposite-thatyouliketobealone.Writingwithnoslantcanmeanthatyou’relogical,practicalperson,notoutwardlyemotional.Largelett