阅读解析-tpo35reading passage1答案版

TPO35ReadingPassageSpeciationinGeographicallyIsolatedThecityofMemphis,locatedontheNilenearthemoderncityofCairo,wasfoundedaround3100B.C.asthecapitalofarecentlyunitedEgypt.ThechoiceofMemphisbyEgypt’skingsreflectsthesite’sstrategicimportance.,andmostobvious,thexoftheNileRiverdeltawasapoliticallyopportunelocationforthestate’sadministrativecenter,standingbetweentheunitedlandsofUpperandLowerEgyptandofferingreadyaccesstobothpartsofthecountry.Theolderpredynastic(pre-3100BC)centersofpower.ThisandHierakonpolis,weretooremotefromthevastexpanseofthedelta,whichhadbeenincorporatedintotheunifiedstate.OnlyacitywithineasyreachofboththeNilevalleytothesouthandthemorespreadout,difficultterraintothenorthcouldprovidethenecessarypoliticalcontrolthattherulersofearlydynasticEgypt(roughly3000¬2600B.C.)required.Q1ThewordvastinthepassageisclosestinmeaningA.B.C.D.正确答案TheregionofMemphismusthavealsoservedasanimportantnodefortransportandcommunications,evenbeforetheunificationofEgypt.Theregionprobablyactedasaconduitformuch,ifnotall,oftheriver-basedtradebetweennorthernandsouthernEgypt.Moreover,commodities(suchaswine,preciousoils,andmetals)importedfromtheNearEastbytheroyalcourtsofpredynasticUpperEgyptwouldhavebeenchanneledthroughtheMemphisregionontheirwaysouth.Inshort,therefore,thesiteofMemphisofferedtherulersoftheEarlyDynasticPeriodanideallocationforcontrollinginternaltradewithintheirrealm,anessentialrequirementforastate-directedeconomythatdependedonthemovementofgoods.EquallyimportantforthenationaladministrationwastheabilitytocontrolcommunicationswithinEgypt.TheNileprovidedtheeasiestandquickestarteryofcommunication,andthenationalcapitalwas,again,ideallylocatedinthisrespect.RecentgeologicalsurveysoftheMemphisregionhaverevealedmuchaboutitstopographyinancienttimes.ItappearsthatthelocationofMemphismayhavebeenevenmoreadvantageousforcontrollingtrade,transport,andcommunicationsthanwaspreviouslyappreciated.SurveysanddrillcoreshaveshownthattheleveloftheNilefloodplainhassteadilyrisenoverthelastfivemillenniums.Whenthefloodplainwasmuchlower,asitwouldhavebeeninpredynasticandearlydynastictimes,theoutwashfans(fan-shddepositsofsediments)ofvariouswadis(stream-bedsorchannelsthatcarrywateronlyduringrainyperiods)wouldhavebeenmuoreprominentfeaturesontheeastbank.ThefanassociatedwiththeWadiHofextendedasignificantwayintotheNilefloodplain,formingaconstrictioninthevicinityofMemphis.Thevalleymayhavenarrowedatthispointtoamerethreekilometers,makingittheidealplaceforcontrollingrivertraffic.Q2ThewordappreciatedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningA.B.C.D.解析：根据上下文“ItappearsthatthelocationofMemphismayhavebeenevenmoreadvantageousforcontrollingtrade,transport,andcommunicationsthanwaspreviouslyappreciated孟菲斯的地理位置在贸易控制、交通、交流方面也许比之前大家所的更具优势”，根据上下文意思B最为合适；propose“提议、建议”understand“理解”；approve，“赞成，同意”；expect“期望”；appreciate除Q3ThewordvicinityinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtotheWadiHofextendedasignificantwayintotheNilefloodplain,formingconstrictioninthe ofMemphis”;“与相关联的风扇区以一种显 一个重要的贸易城市，而4个选项只有将D选项代入最符合上下文的意思；排除法也可以选出D。→ThecityofMemphis,locatedontheNilenearthemoderncityofCairo,wasfoundedaround3100B.C.asthecapitalofarecentlyunitedEgypt.ThechoiceofMemphisbyEgypt’skingsreflectsthesite’sstrategicimportance.,andmostobvious,thexoftheNileRiverdeltawasapoliticallyopportunelocationforthestate’sadministrativecenter,standingbetweentheunitedlandsofUpperandLowerEgyptandofferingreadyaccesstobothpartsofthecountry.Theolderpredynastic(pre-3100BC)centersofpower.ThisandHierakonpolis,weretooremotefromthevastexpanseofthedelta,whichhadbeenincorporatedintotheunifiedstate.OnlyacitywithineasyreachofboththeNilevalleytothesouthandthemorespreadout,difficultterraintothenorthcouldprovidethenecessarypoliticalcontrolthattherulersofearlydynasticEgypt(roughly3000¬2600B.C.)required.Q4Accordingtoparagraph1,whywasMemphisabetterchoiceforthecapitalofaunitedEgyptthaneitherThisorHierakonpolisMemphiswasinabetterlocationformaintainingadministrativeMemphishadlongbeenaregionaladministrativecenterbythetimeEgyptwasThisandHierakonpolishadneveractuallybeenincorporatedintotheunifiedEgyptianrulershadfailedtokeeppoliticalcontroloverThisandHierakonpolisinpredynastictimes.Paragraph1ismarkedwithanarrow解析：定位到ThisandHierakonpolisweretooremotefromthevastexpanseofthedelta,whichhadbeenincorporatedintotheunifiedstate，也就是说这两个地方地理位置都不如Memphis理想。Q5Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes ragraph1 Twosimultaneousdevelopmentsaredescribed,aswellasthereasonswhyneitheronewouldhaveoccurredwithouttheother.hypothesisispresented,andthenpointsinfavorofthathypothesisaswellaspointsagainstitarediscussed.majoreventisdescribed,andthenthemostobviouseffectsofthateventareD．Adecisionisdescribed,andthenonelikelymotivationforthatdecisionisParagraph1ismarkedwithanarrowMemphis即motivation。所以D最符合。→TheregionofMemphismusthavealsoservedasanimportantnodefortransportandcommunications,evenbeforetheunificationofEgypt.Theregionprobablyactedasaconduitformuch,ifnotall,oftheriver-basedtradebetweennorthernandsouthernEgypt.Moreover,commodities(suchaswine,preciousoils,andmetals)importedfromtheNearEastbytheroyalcourtsofpredynasticUpperEgyptwouldhavebeenchanneledthroughtheMemphisregionontheirwaysouth.Inshort,therefore,therefore,thesiteofMemphisofferedtherulersoftheEarlyDynasticPeriodanideallocationforcontrollinginternaltradewithintheirrealm,anessentialrequirementastate-directedeconomythatdependedonthemovementofQ6Accordingtoparagraph2,whendidEgyptimportgoodsfromtheNearOnceinternaltradewasfullycontrolledfromNotuntilearlydynasticEgyptestablisheditsstate-directedAsearlyaspredynasticOnlywhenlocalsofthosegoodshadbeencompleyusedParagraph2ismarkedwithanarrow解析：此题需要定位到commodities(suchaswine,preciousoils,andmetals)importedfromtheNearEastbytheroyalcourtsofpredynasticUpperEgyptwould…是imported，“进口”，和predynastic,“(尤指公元前3100年古埃及的)王Q7Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage.Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.ThusinMemphis,therulersoftheEarlyDynasticPeriodwereideallyplacedtocontrolinternaltrade,whichtheyhadtonordertoruntheireconomy.ThereforetherulersoftheEarlyDynasticPeriodthoughtMemphiswastheideallocationfortradewithnearbycountries.Inshort,astate-directedeconomylikethatoftheEarlyDynasticPeriodrequireschoosingasinglelocationtowhichgoodscanbemovedjustasMemphis,inthisInsum,then,astate-directedeconomydevelopedduringEgypt'sEarlyDynasticPeriodbecauseMemphiswasanideallocationforcontrollingtrade.经济的国家来说，这点十分关键。B的错误在于，tradewithnearbycountries，C错在asinglelocation，D错在因果顺序颠倒。→EquallyimportantforthenationaladministrationwastheabilitytocontrolcommunicationswithinEgypt.TheNileprovidedtheeasiestandquickestarteryofcommunication,andthenationalcapitalwas,again,ideallylocatedinthisrespect.RecentgeologicalsurveysoftheMemphisregionhaverevealedmuchaboutitstopographyinancienttimes.ItappearsthatthelocationofMemphismayhavebeenevenmoreadvantageousforcontrollingtrade,transport,andcommunicationsthanwaspreviouslyappreciated.SurveysanddrillcoreshaveshownthattheleveloftheNilefloodplainhassteadilyrisenoverthelastfivemillenniums.Whenthefloodplainwasmuchlower,asitwouldhavebeeninpredynasticandearlydynastictimes,theoutwashfans(fan-shddepositsofsediments)ofvariouswadis(stream-bedsorchannelsthatcarrywateronlyduringrainyperiods)wouldhavebeenmuoreprominentfeaturesontheeastbank.ThefanassociatedwiththeWadiHofextendedasignificantwayintotheNilefloodplain,formingaconstrictioninthevicinityofMemphis.Thevalleymayhavenarrowedatthispointtoamerethreekilometers,makingittheidealplaceforcontrollingrivertraffic.Q8Accordingtoparagraph3,recentresearchintothetopographyoftheMemphisregioninancienttimessuggestswhichofthefollowing.TheleveloftheNilefloodplainswasmuchhigherinpre-dynasticanddynastictimesthaninlatertimes.Thesedimentdepositsofwadiswerenotasnoticeableinpre-dynasticanddynastictimesthaninlatertimes.TheNilevalleyatthepointofMemphiswasnarrowerinpre-dynasticanddynastictimesthanitwasinlatertimes.Frequentrainyperiodsmayhavecausedasignificantreductionoftradetrafficduringthepre-dynasticanddynastictimes.Paragraph3ismarkedwithanarrow解析：C选项是阅读原文中Thevalleymayhavenarrowedatthispointtoamerethreekilometers,makingittheidealplaceforcontrollingrivertraffic这句话的同义转述。Ahigher，Bwadispredynastic时期更显著，Dwadis说→Furthermore,theMemphisregionseemstohavebeenfavorablylocatedforthecontrolnotonlyofriver-basedtradebutalsoofdeserttraderoutes.Thetwooutwashfansintheareagaveaccesstotheextensivewadisystemsoftheeasterndesert.Inpredynastictimes,theWadiDiglamayhaveservedasatraderoutebetweentheMemphisregionandtheNearEast,tojudgefromtheunusualconcentrationofforeignartifactsfoundinthepredynasticsettlementofMaadi.Accessto,andcontrolof,traderoutesbetweenEgyptandtheNearEastseemstohavebeenapreoccupationofEgypt’srulersduringtheperiodofstateformation.ThedesiretomonopolizeforeigntrademayhavebeenoneoftheprimaryfactorsbehindthepoliticalunificationofEgypt.ThefoundationofthenationalcapitalatthejunctionofanimportanttraderoutewiththeNilevalleyisnotlikelytohavebeenaccidental.Moreover,theWadisHofandDiglaprovidedtheMemphisregionwithaccessibledesertpasturage.AswasthecasewiththecitiesofHierakonpolisandElkab,thecombinationwithinthesameareaofbothdesertpasturageandalluvialarableland(landsuitableforgrowingcrops)wasaparticularlyattractiveoneforearlysettlement;EquallyimportantforthenationaladministrationwastheabilitytocontrolcommunicationswithinEgypt.TheNileprovidedtheeasiestandquickestarteryofcommunication,andthenationalcapitalwas,again,ideallylocatedinthisrespect.RecentgeologicalsurveysoftheMemphisregionhaverevealedmuchaboutitstopographyinancienttimes.Q9Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingisNOTareasonMemphiswaschosenasthecapitalofaunitedEgyptItwasatthejunctionofamajortraderoutewiththeNileItwasnearlandthatcouldbeusedforanimalgrazingandfrowingThenearbyoutwashfansledintowadisthatcouldbeusedasdeserttradeSinceforeigntradershadsettledinnearbyMaadi,tradebetweenthetwocitiescouldbeestablished.Paragraph4ismarkedwithanarrow解析：文中提到Maadi用来说明MemphisQ10ThephrasetohavebeenaccidentalinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtohavegonetohavebeentohaveoccurredbytohavemadeaThedesiretomonopolizeforeigntrademayhavebeenoneoftheprimaryfactorsbehindthepoliticalunificationofEgypt.Thefoundationofthe……withtheNilevalleyisnotlikelytohavebeenaccidental.Moreover这三句之间是有递进关系的，先说贸易是为了埃及的一个重要的原因（与贸易有关的）尼罗河谷的建立不是的。而且还怎样怎样。所以C“tohave→ThecityofMemphis,locatedontheNilenearthemoderncityofCairo,wasfoundedaround3100B.C.asthecapitalofarecentlyunitedEgypt.ThechoiceofMemphisbyEgypt’skingsreflectsthesite’sstrategicimportance.,andmostobvious,thexoftheNileRiverdeltawasapoliticallyopportunelocationforthestate’sadministrativecenter,standingbetweentheunitedlandsofUpperandLowerEgyptandofferingreadyaccesstobothpartsofthecountry.Theolderpredynastic(pre-3100BC)centersofpower.ThisandHierakonpolis,weretooremotefromthevastexpanseofthedelta,whichhadbeenincorporatedintotheunifiedstate.OnlyacitywithineasyreachofboththeNilevalleytothesouthandthemorespreadout,difficultterraintothenorthcouldprovidethenecessarypoliticalcontrolthattherulersofearlydynasticEgypt(roughly3000¬2600B.C.)required.Q11Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph1thatoneconsequenceoftheunificationofEgyptwasthereductionofthestrategicimportanceofoldercentersoftheopportunityfortherecentlyunitedEgyptto eeconomicallytheincreaseinpoliticaltensionsbetweentherulersofUpperandLower Paragraph1ismarkedwithanarrow解析：第一段提到ThisandHierakonpolisdelta（三角洲）区域很远，所以其politicalpower（政治权力）不及Memphis。→Furthermore,theMemphisregionseemstohavebeenfavorablylocatedforthecontrolnotonlyofriver-basedtradebutalsoofdeserttraderoutes.Thetwooutwashfansintheareagaveaccesstotheextensivewadisystemsoftheeasterndesert.Inpredynastictimes,theWadiDiglamayhaveservedasatraderoutebetweentheMemphisregionandtheNearEast,tojudgefromtheunusualconcentrationofforeignartifactsfoundinthepredynasticsettlementofMaadi.Accessto,andcontrolof,traderoutesbetweenEgyptandtheNearEastseemstohavebeenapreoccupationofEgypt’srulersduringtheperiodofstateformation.ThedesiretomonopolizeforeigntrademayhavebeenoneoftheprimaryfactorsbehindthepoliticalunificationofEgypt.ThefoundationofthenationalcapitalatthejunctionofanimportanttraderoutewiththeNilevalleyisnotlikelytohavebeenaccidental.Moreover,theWadisHofandDiglaprovidedtheMemphisregionwithaccessibledesertpasturage.AswasthecasewiththecitiesofHierakonpolisandElkab,thecombinationwithinthesameareaofbothdesertpasturageandalluvialarableland(landsuitableforgrowingcrops)wasaparticularlyattractiveoneforearlysettlement;EquallyimportantforthenationaladministrationwastheabilitytocontrolcommunicationswithinEgypt.TheNileprovidedtheeasiestandquickestarteryofcommunication,andthenationalcapitalwas,again,ideallylocatedinthisrespect.RecentgeologicalsurveysoftheMemphisregionhaverevealedmuchaboutitstopographyinancienttimes.Q12Inparagraph4,whydoestheauthormentionthecitiesofHierakonpolisandTogiveanindicationofthelevelofprosperitythatMemphisisthoughttohaveenjoyedfromitsearliestdays.TocomparetheMemphisregiontothemintermsoftheirsimilarcombinationsofcharacteristicsprovidingadvantagesforearlysettlement.ToidentifythemodelsthatthefoundersofMemphisfollowedinlayingoutthenationalcapital.Tosuggestthatthecombinationofdesertpasturageandalluvialarablelandinthesameareawasverycommon.Paragraph4ismarkedwithanarrow解析：HierakonpolisElkab是沙漠草场和冲积平原的汇聚地，Memphis与这二Q13Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Whileconsiderationsofpoliticalpowerandeaseofadministrationweredecisiveinchoosingthelocationofthenewcapital,thesiteclearlyhadotheradvantages.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquare[■]toaddthesentencetothepassage.ThecityofMemphis,locatedontheNilenearthemoderncityofCairo,wasfoundedaround3100B.C.asthe capitalofarecentlyunitedEgypt.ThechoiceofMemphisbyEgypt’s kingsreflectsthesite’sstrategicimportance.1■ ,andmostobvious,the xoftheNileRiverdeltawasapoliticallyopportunelocationforthestate’sadministrativecenter,standingbetweentheunitedlandsofUpperandLowerEgyptandofferingreadyaccesstobothpartsofthecountry.Theolderpredynastic(pre-3100BC)centersofpower,ThisandHierakonpolis,weretooremotefromthevastexpanseofthedelta,whichhadbeenincorporatedintotheunifiedstate.2■OnlyacitywithineasyreachofboththeNilevalleytothesouthandthemorespreadout,difficultterraintothenorthcouldprovidethenecessarypoliticalcontrolthattherulersofearlydynasticEgypt(roughly3000¬2600B.C.)required.3■TheregionofMemphismusthavealsoservedasanimportantnodefortransportandcommunications,evenbeforetheunificationofEgypt.Theregionprobablyactedasaconduitformuch,ifnotall,oftheriver-basedtradebetweennorthernandsouthernEgypt.4■Moreover,commodities(suchaswine,preciousoils,andimportedfromtheNearEastbytheroyalcourtsofpredynasticUpperEgyptwouldhavebeenchanneledthrought