现在完成时讲解及练习

现在完成时讲解—．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．

句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:

Yes,

主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法1

现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果spent

all

of

my

money(so

far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)I

haveGuo

zijunMy

fatherhas(just/already)come.(含义：has

gone

to

work.(含义是:我现在在这儿)现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be

动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤It

is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary

has

been

ill

for

three

days.I

have

lived

here

since

1998.四．

has

gone

(to),has

been

(to),

has

been

(in)

的区别gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)father？He

has

gone

to

Shanghai.Have/HasWhere

is

yourHave/Hasbeen(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）been

to

Shanghai.in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）been

in

Shanghai

for

two

months.My

father

hasHave/has

beenMy

father

has/since

two

months

ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.

现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*

以already,just

和yet为标志He

has

already

got

her

help.

他已得到帮助。He

has

just

seen

the

film.

他刚刚看过这场。He

hasn't

come

back

yet.

他还没有回来。*

以ever

和never

为标志。This

is

the

best

film

I

have

ever

seen.

这是我曾经看过的最好的一部He

has

never

been

to

Beijing.

他从没有到过

。*

以动作发生的次数为标志He

says

he

has

been

to

the

USA

three

times.他说他已经去过三次了。*

以so

far（到目前为止）为标+beforeHe

has

got

to

Beijing

so

far.

到目前为止他已到了。She

has

passed

the

exam

so

far.

到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*

①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去

从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last

week,threeyears

ago

等;

2)不能与when

连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词1

、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“

ed”。work---worked---worked

,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“

e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“

d”。live---lived---lived

,(3)、以“辅音字母+

y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied ,

cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped2

、不规则动词：AAA

型原型过去式过去分词,

drop---dropped--droppedburst

burst

burstcast

cast

castcost

cost

cost

cut

cut

cuthit

hit

hithurt

hurt

hurt

let

let

letput

put

put

set

set

set

shut

shut

shutspread

spread

spreadreadread

readAAB

型beat

beatABA

型e

becamerun

ran

runread发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/beatenecome

came

come特殊情况ABB

型bring

brought

broughtbuy

bought

boughtbuild

built

builtburn

burnt

burntcatch

caught

caughtdig

dug

dugfeel

felt

feltfight

fought

foughtfindhearholdfound

foundheard

heardheld

heldkeep

kept

keptlay

laid

laidlead

led

ledlose

lost

lostmake

made

mademeet

met

met

sell

sold

soldshoot

shot

shot

sit

sat

satstand

stood

stoodsweep

s t

s

tteach

taught

taughtl

told

toldthink

thought

thoughtwin

won

wonABC

型begin

began

begunblow

blew

blownbreak

broke

brokenchoose

chose

chosendrawdrivedrinkdrew

drawndrove

drivendrank

drunkfly

flew

flownf ive

f ave

ffivenet

f ot

f

ottenfreeze

froze

frozengive

gave

givengrow

grew

grownknow

knew

knownrideriseringrode

riddenrose

risenrang

rungshake

shook

shakensing

sang

sungsink

sank

sunkswim

swam

swumthrow

threw

thrownwrite

wrote

written七．瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go,

leave,连用。要改变动词buy----have

borrow

-----keepjoin……）不能直接与for

sincecome/arrive/reach/get

to-----beinawayoverclosedleave

----befinish----beclose

-----bego

out----be

outbegin-----be

onopen----be

opendie----be

dead★1.have

代替buyMy

brother

has

had(不能用has

bought)

this★2、用keep

或have

代替borrowI

have

kept(不能用have

borrowed)

the

bookbike

for

almost

four

years.for

quite

a

few

days.★3、用

be

替代

eHow

long

has

your

sister

been

a

teacher?★4、用have

a

cold

代替catch

a

coldTom

has

had

a

cold

since

the

day

before

yesterday.★5、用wear

代替put

on用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married

代marry

2、be＋ill

代fall(get)

ill3、be＋dead

代die

4、be＋asleep

代fall

(get)asleep5、be＋awake

代wake/wake

up

6、be＋gone

代lose,die,sell,

leave7、be＋open

代open

8、be

closed

代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,

lost)代

lose用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,

begin

2“be＋up”代get

up3“be＋back(to)”代return

to,

come

back

to,

go

back

to4“be

here(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here

或go

(arrive,

reach,re

等等用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词get)

the“be

in/at+地点”代替go

to/come

to用be

in

the

army

代替join

the

army“be

in/at+地点”代替move

to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：have

arrived

at/in

sw.

got

to/reached→have

been

in

sw./at…相应的介词sw.

come/gone/moved

to

sw.have

been

backoutcome/gone

back/returned

→come/gone

out

→have

beene

→

have

beenhavehavehavehaveclosed

/

opened→

have

been

close/open6.

have

got

up

→

have

been

up；havehavehavedied

→

have

been

dead；left

sw.

→

have

been

awayfallen

asleep/got

to

sleep

→pleted

→from

sw.have

beenhave

beenasleep；over；married

→

have

been

married；started/begun

to

do

sth.

→

havebegun

→

have

been

onborrowed/bought

→have

kept/hadlost

→

haven’t

hadput

on

→have

worndone

sth.

；caught

/get

a

cold

→

have

had

a

cold；got

to

know

→

have

knownhavehavehavehavehavehavehavehavehavehave/has

gone

to

→

have

been

inhave

joined/have

taken

part

in

theleague/the

Party/the

armyin/have

been

the

Party’s

member/the

l→have

been

a

member

of/

have

beeneague

member/the

soldier…现在完成时练)A)选用have,

has

填空:1.I

told

him

the

news.2.She

come

back

from

school.3.You

won

the

game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They

have

bought

a

computer.(改成否定句)5.He

has

lost

his

book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)C)

单项选择6.

-Where

have

you

,

Kate?-I've

to

the

bank.A.

gone,

gone B.

been,

been C.

gone,

been D.

been,

gone7.

Her

grandfather

for

two

years.A.

died B.

has

died C.

has

been

dead D.

has

been

died8.

It's

six

weeks

I

met

you

last.A.

when B.

since C.

before D.

for9.

Tom

and

Jack

have

arrived

at

West

Hill

Farm

already.A.

have

got B.

have

gone

to C.

have

been

to D.

have

reached现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择。1、Both

his

parents

look

sad

.

Maybe

they

what's

happened

to

him

（.

呼和浩特）Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

have

known

Ｃ.

must

know

Ｄ.will

know2、He

has

been

to

Shanghai

,

has

he

?Ａ.

already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ.ever

Ｄ.

still3、Have

you

met

Mr.

Li

？Ａ.

just

Ｂ.

ago

Ｃ.before

Ｄ.

a

moment

ago4、The

famous

writer

one

new

book

in

the

past

two

years

.Ａ.

is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has

written5、—Our

country

a

lot

so

far

.—Yes.

Ihopeit

will

beeven

.Ａ.

has

changed

;

well

Ｂ.

changed

;

goodＣ.

has

changed

;

better

Ｄ.

changed

;

better6、Zhao

L ready

in

this

school

for

two

years

.Ａ.

was

;

studying

Ｂ.

will

;

studyＣ.

has

;

studied

Ｄ.

are

;

studying7、We

Xiao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl

.Ａ.

know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ.

have

known

Ｄ.

knew8、Harry

Potter

is

avery

nice

film

.I

it

twice

.Ａ.

will

see

Ｂ.

have

seen

Ｃ.

saw

Ｄ.see9、—These

farmers

have

been

to

the

United

States.—Really?When

there

?Ａ.

will

they

go

Ｂ.

did

they

go

Ｃ.

do

they

go

Ｄ.

have

they

gone10、—

you

your yet

?—Yes.I

it

a

moment

ago

.Ａ.

Did

;

do

;

finished

Ｂ.

Have

;

done

;

finishedＣ.

Have

;

done

;

have

finished

Ｄ.

will

;

do

;

finish11、Hisfather

the

Party

since

1978

.Ａ.joined

Ｂ.has

joined

Ｃ.was

in

Ｄ.has

beenin12、—Do

you

know

him

well?—Sure.We

friends

since

ten

years

ago

.e

Ｄ.

have

madeＡ.

were

Ｂ.

have

been

Ｃ.

have13、—Howlonghaveyou

here

?—About

two

months

.Ａ.

been

Ｂ.

gone

Ｃ.

come

Ｄ.

arrived14、Hurry

up!The

play

for

ten

minutes

.Ａ.

has

begun

Ｂ.

had

begunＣ.

has

been

on

Ｄ.

began15、It

ten

years

since

he

left

the

army

.Ａ.

is

Ｂ.

has

Ｃ.

will

Ｄ.

was16、

Miss

Green

isn't

in

the

office

.

she

to

the

library

.Ａ.has

gone

Ｂ.

went

Ｃ.will

go

Ｄ.

has

been17、Myparents

ShＡ.

have

been

in

Ｂ.

have

beentoＣ.

have

gone

to

Ｄ.

have

beenfor

ten

years

.18、The

students

have

cleaned

the

classroom,?A.

so

they

B.

don’t

they

C.

have

they

D.

haven’tthey19、has

Mr.

White

been

a

member

of

Greener

China

since

he

to

China?A.

How

soon,

comes

B.

How

often,

gotC.

How

long,

came

D.

How

far,arrived20、

His

uncle

for

more

than

9

years.A.

has

come

here

B.

has

started

to

workC.

has

lived

there

D.

has

left

theuniversity二、句型转换。1、He

has

never

surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、They

have

been

here

since

2000.(对划线部分提问)

＿＿＿＿ they

been

here?3、The

oldman

last

year.

He＿＿＿＿for

a

year.(die)（动词填空）4、This

factory

opened

twentyyears

ago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory

for

twenty

years.5、Miss

Gao

left

an

hourago.(同义句转换)MissGao

an

hourago.6、Her

mother

has

been

a

Party

member

for

three

years.（同义句）Hermother

theParty

three

years

.7、The

Green

Family

moved

to

France

two

years

ago.(同义句转换)

twoyears

the

Green

family

moved

toFrance.8、The

bus

has

arrived

here.

Itarrived

ten

minutes

ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)三、汉译英。1、

已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、

他昨天收到

。3、

我父亲以前到过

。4、她还没有看过那部新。5、

她去过

。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2

应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so

far（到目前为止），in

the

past/“last+

一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4

应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还