2014英语基础班第一部分语法三

第一部分语法（三）第十一节状语从句（一…就）,themoment（一…就）,theminute（一…就）,thesecond（一…就while,when,WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.bengsomethingbeabouttodosomethinghadalready/almost/justdonesomething例：Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemy Iheard [答疑500220011501]例：Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasaboutto attracted[答疑YoulikesportswhileI’dliketoreaD.Whiletheircountryhasplentyofoil,ourshasnone.他们国家有很多石油，而国Whilehelikeshisdaughter,heisstrictwithher.虽然他很喜欢女儿，但对她非Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis19NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasteD.直到工作，才认识Itisnotuntilthat…ItwasnotuntilIbegantoworkthatIrealizedhowmuchtimeIhad quiterecently,mostmothersinBritaindidnottakepaidworkoutsidethe [答疑500220011503]『答案解析』本句的意思是，“直到最近，大部分英国的们还没有出去工作。”只要能够notuntilnotuntil….提至句首，后面用肯定形式，主谓倒装。本题可以改成，NotuntilquiterecentlydidmostmothersinBritaintakepaidworkoutsidethehome.这时，句子采用主谓倒装结构，应注意。Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantoHardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Theenemyplanewasshotdownthemomentitenteredourspace.敌机一进入的领空例：Youseethelightening ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.theforanontheinan[答疑句的是名词词组theinstant，而不是由其构成的介词短语。beforeTurnthelightoffbeforeyousleep.（睡前先把灯熄掉。）Thinkbeforeyouspeak.（说话之前，应先想清楚。）但在不同的语境中before有不同的意义：例：Severalweekshadgone Irealizedthepaintingwas [答疑500220011505]例：TheysailedalongthePacificOceanfortwo theyarrived [答疑500220011506]beforeitwaswillbe＋时间＋before例：Itwon’tbelongyouregretwhatyouhavedone. [答疑500220011507]『答案解析』本句的意思是，“用不了多久你就会为你的所作所为感到遗憾。”Itwas/willbebefore（强调时间的长）”，在否定句中则表示“没过多 youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.（1999.6） [答疑例 thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuch [答疑500220011509]（that）,incase（假如）,giventhat（假定，如果考虑到）,onlyif（只要…就）,if例：We’llvisitEuropenext wehaveenough [答疑500220011510]例：Youwillbelate youleaveimmediay. [答疑500220011511]though,although,evenif（though）（即使）,as（尽管）,all（that）（尽管）,inspiteofthefactthat（尽管）,despitethefactthat（不管Althoughit'srainingtheyarestillworkinginthefield.It'sraining,buttheyarestillworkinginthefield.Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain. Childasheis,hebehaveslikeagrown-up.Failashedid,hewasnotdisappointedatall.MuchasItried,Ifailedtopersuadehim. ,hefelttiredoutafterthelongjourneyforeighthours.A.Strongasheis B.ThestrongerheisC.Strongmanthatheis D.Forheisstrong[答疑500220011601]考查介词as当“尽管，虽然”的意思讲时的用法。everif,eventhough youdisagreewithher,herideaisstillworthconsidering.A.Evenif B.IfonlyC.Insteadof D.Despiteof[答疑500220011602] whether…or…不管……都。例如：Whetheryoubelieveitornotitistrue.Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnot=Whateverhappened,hewouldnot替换：nomatterwhatwhatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however例：Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecan eanydifficulty, [答疑500220011603]例：,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.Howeverishelate D.Howeverlateheis[答疑500220011604]（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnouse（对）Whateveryousayisofnouse（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey're（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'reas,（just）as…soasifasthoughas,（just）as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）as…so…结构AlwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneAswateristofish,soairistoasif,asthat（以防）,incase（以防）等词引导。例：Iwasadvisedtoarrangeforinsurance Ineededmedicaltreatment. C.in D.so[答疑Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.这男孩太小，不能上学Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotosoniceaboythat…suchaniceboysobeautiful/diligent/carefullysuch（fineweather/greatimprovement）例：Itooknonoticeofhim, heflewintoarage.A.forthat B.sothatC.inthat D.butthat[答疑500220011606]somuchsoHewasveryweak,somuchsothathecouldnotIlongtovisitBeijing,somuchsothatIdreamaboutiteverynight.4）too…to…enoughto…,so…astoWhile（hewas）astudentatOxfordUniversity,hepublishedquiteafewscientific Heisanhonestmthough（heis）verypoor.Whether（sheis）sickorwell,sheisalwaysHestaredatmeasif（hewas）seeingmefor 在英语中，上述概念分别只用although,because,unless三个从属连词来表示。例如：Althoughthereisairallaroundus,（but）wecan’tseeAsthebushadstoppedrunning,（so）hehadtowalkUnlessyoukeeptrying,（otherwise）youwillnever第十二节从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句各自的一些特征。例：Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder A.howmuchcosttheyare B.howmuchdotheycostC.howmuchtheycost D.howmucharetheycost[答疑句的形式而不是倒装句的形式，据此可以选出C。例：Canyoumake thegoldA.whereAlicehut B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehas D.wherehasAlice[答疑连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whosewhenwhere,why,连词：that（没有任何含义）连词：whether,ifwho,whom,whose）或者连接副词（主要包括when,where,why,how）。注意体会如下例句：Whohastakenawaymybagisunknown.谁拿走了包还不知道。（主语从句Haveyoudecidedwhomyouaretonominateasyour例：Itwasamatter wouldtakethe [答疑500220011703]句充当的是主语（通常用who指代）而不是宾语（通常用whom指代），而且题干中没有提供强调“任何人”的语境，因此应填入引导词who。例：Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthe [答疑500220011704]原因状语，所以应选A。例：Pleaseremind hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehim [答疑500220011705]种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”，注意体会如下例句：Heisnotwhat that）hewasafewyearsago.Thisiswhat（=theplacethat）theycallSaltLakeCity.What（=theplacethat）isnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilized eisnowdoublewhat ethat）itwastenyears例：Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreet Ithoughtwasdangerous [答疑『答案解析』下划线处的引导词引导介词at的宾语从句，该引导词在at的宾语从句中充当主语，四个选项中只有关系代词型的引导词what具有这样的用法。as不能引导宾语从句，which导名词性从句时表示“哪一个”，thatWhoeverwantstoseethisfilmcangowithustonight.无论谁想看这部，今晚都可以和一起去。（引导词whoever在从句从充当主语）Youcangivethetickettowhomeveryoulike（引导词whomever作like的宾语）Allthebooksarehere.Youmayborrowwhichever（book）youlike.儿，你愿借哪本就借哪本。 teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.A.Nomatterwhat B.Nomatterwhich [答疑500220011707]AB；（获胜的球队）”which此进一步排除C而选出D。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshe [答疑500220011708]『答案解析』whateverwhat例：CouldIspeak isinchargeofInternationalSales, D.nomatterwho[答疑500220011709]且引导词在从句中充当主语，四个选项中只有whoever适合。thatthatthat位语从句时that通常不被省略。例如：Shehoped（that）hewouldarriveontime.她希望他按时到达。（宾语从句）Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被选中了让很开心。（主语从句）IhavethebeliefthatIwillsucceed.我怀有必胜的信念。（同位语从句）例：Informationhasbeenputforward intouniversities. [答疑500220011710]名词性从句中具体的句子成分，有这样用法的引导词只能是that。本题下划线处引导了句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。whetherif均可以引导表示“是否”之意的名词性从句，whetherif不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。在引导宾语从句时whether与if一般可以互换，但在引导主or（not）时通常只能用whether作引导词。注意体会下列例句：Idon’tknowif/whetherIcanhelpyou.我不知道我能否帮助你。（宾语从句Whetherwecanreallyhelpyou,Idon’tknowyet.是否真的能帮助你，我还不知Theteacherworriedaboutwhetherhehadhurtthegirl’sfeelings.Thequestioniswhethertheycancooperatewithus.问题是他们能否与合作。（表Thelittlegirlaskedherfatherwhethersheshouldgotothepartyornot.问父亲她应不应该参加这个。（包含ornot的宾语从句）wasamusiccritic.他母亲说索尔?格兰特是个音乐评论家。WethinkitimportantthatMaryshouldlthetruth.认为玛丽说出实情很重要Ihavemadeitclearthatwe’llsignthecontractwithyourcompany.楚：我方将与贵公司签订这个合约。thatexceptthatinthat“因为”结构。例如：Hisreportiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustocorrectour有see,know,wonder,show,ask,l,decide,findout,imagine等。例如：lmehowyouwenttoschool.Johnwonderedwhyhewaswantedby ,buthewenttothestation例：Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whiademerecognize sillymistakesIhad [答疑recognizewhatsillymistakes例：Ijustwonder thatmakeshimsoexcited.A.whyitdoes B.whathedoesC.howitis D.whatitis[答疑500220011712]『答案解析』由于“thatmakeshimsoexcitedD真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，意为“使他如此激动的是什么”。例：Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosell hethoughtwasnot [答疑500220011713]从句中充当主语,而which在名词从句中意为“哪一个”,在本题中意思不对，故选C。givethemonkeyexactly hewants. [答疑500220011714]『答案解析』“Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants.意思是“都要给别人他确实想要的东西。”。whathewants作其中的宾语，泛指主语he所例：Theoldlady’shandshookfrequently.Sheexplainedtoherdoctorthisshakinghadbegunhalfayearbefore,and,onlybecauseofthis,shehadbeenforcedtogiveupherjob.A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how [答疑500220011715]『答案解析』题干意为：这位老妇人经常颤抖，她向医生解释了这种颤抖如何从半年前间或原因，因此都应填入how。以被视为发挥着及物动词的作用，其后的从句具有宾语从句的性质），例如：Areyoucertainthatyou’llgetthereintime?Hewasdisappointedthathefailedtogetthemasterdegree.hewasamanofaction. [答疑500220011716]wasqualifiedforthetask.问我她是否胜任这项任务。相关信息进行提问，通常要用到“语疑问句”。该结构以所询问信息有关的疑问词开头，主句IthinkthatJohnwillarriveatfiveo’clock.（atfiveWhendoyouthinkJohnwillarrive?（此处的doyouthink变成了语确定用who（在从句中充当主语），还是用whom（在从句中充当宾语）。如：WebelievethatPeterwillbegiventheprize.（Peter，从句中充当主语WhodoyoubelievewillbegiventheTheyexpectedthattheteacherwouldcriticizePeter.（Peter，从句中充当宾语）Whomdidtheyexpecttheteacherwouldcriticize?例：--Ihaven’theardfromHenryforalong--Whatdoyou toA.is B.was C.to TheproblemishowwecangetthethingsweThescissorsarenotwhatI例：Thetraditionalviewis usdoso. [答疑500220011717]不需要再添加任何成分。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。例：Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis Idisagree. [答疑从句若不放在句首，可以省略引导词that）。例如：Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Whoevercomesise.不论都欢迎Itisapity（that）wehaven’tcontactedforages.很遗憾，几年没联系了Ithasnotbeendecidedwherethemeetingistobeheld.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。例：makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmoreal [答疑500220011719]这家商店与众不同的任何事物”之意，应选用what引导主语从句。 fromoneaspect. C.This [答疑500220011720]名词性从句中具体的句子成分，有这样用法的引导词只能是that。例 we’llgocamtomorrowdependsonthe [答疑500220011721]引导词if不能用于引导主语从句。例：Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday. [答疑500220011722]在该主语从句中引导词要作主语，四个选项中只有what可以充当名词性从句的主语。时也可用who/whom）。区分it作形式主语指代主语从句与it引导强调句型的有效技巧是：将“Itbethat例如：Itwasmysuggestionthatmadehimconfidentofsuccess.正是建议使他对去掉itbe和that后可以构成完整的强调句型的原型“Mysuggestionmadehimconfidentofsuccess.”，因此本句属于强调句。Itismysuggestionthatheneedsmorepractice.他需要的练习是建议itbethatMysuggestionheneedsmorepractice属于it作形式主语的主语从句。answer,hope,facttruth,belief,news,idea,promise,information,conclusion,order,suggestion,problem,question,thought,report,belief,decision,doubt,opinion,theory等抽象名词。例如：例：Thereismuch Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimeforthe [答疑500220011801]『答案解析』下划线处引导chance的同位语从句，说明可能性的具体内容，应填入that。 uncleatair[答疑『答案解析』“hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport”本身是完整的陈述句，用以说明reason的具体内容，应用that引导该同位语从句。例：Doris’successliesinthefact sheiscooperativeandeagertolearnfrom [答疑500220011803]例：Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday. [答疑500220011804]thoughtthat例：Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivateears that;tobewhich;tobewhere;when;[答疑填入表动作的tobeimproved注意：本题中problem的同位语从句thatroadconditionsneedtobeimproved与problem之间由problem的后置定语involvedinthepopularityofprivateearsHegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputWordcamethatHusseinhadbeencaptured.第十三节定语从句Sheisalovelygirl.Sheisgirlalwayswithonherface.她是一个总是面带笑容Sheisagirlwhoisreadytohelpherclammates.她是一个非常乐意帮助同学的Sheisthewomanwholivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的那位妇女。Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能够做的done修饰的是前面的名词everything。ThosewhowanttocomecansignyournameshereTheTowerofLondon,wheresomanypeoplelosttheirlives,isnowatouristShemarriedJoe,whichsurprisedeveryone.她了乔，这使每个人都感到非常惊讶that,which,who,whomwhose,as。它们一方面代替定语从句Pleaseshowmethewords.Youhavewritten做宾语Pleaseshowmethewords.Youhavewrittenwhich/Pleaseshowmethewordsthat（which）youhaveIsawagirl.ShewasstandingattheschoolIsawagirl.thatwasstandingattheschoolgate.Isawagirlthatwasstandingattheschoolgate.我看到了站在学习门口的那个Thecompanyofficialreceivedaraise.IthoughthewouldbeThecompanyofficialreceivedaraise.IthoughtwhowouldbeThecompanyofficialwhoIthoughtwouldbefiredreceivedaraise.我本来认为会被开Thecompany Ithoughtwouldbefiredreceiveda [答疑500220011901]选择C。Themaniswalkingalongthestreet.IsawhimThemaniswalkingalongthestreet.Isawwhomyesterday.ThemanwhomIsawyesterdayiswalkingalongthestreet.TheinvestigationwasmadebyJohn.ItsresultswillsoonbeTheinvestigationwasmadebyJohn.whoseresultswillsoonbepublished.TheinvestigationwhoseresultswillsoonbepublishedwasmadebyJohn.4）as的用法ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop.HecansellhisfavoriteproductsinFrank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop.HecansellhisfavoriteproductsinFrank’sdreamwastohavehisownshopwhichHecansellhisfavoriteproductsFrank’sdreamwastohavehisownshopinwhichhecansellhisfavorite Dscienceandphilosophy.[答疑500220011902]应当inwhich例：Weneedachairman A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidenceC.whoeveryonehasconfidence D.whomeveryonehasconfidence[答疑心；信任”要用haveconfidenceinsomebody，所以做定语，应该用achairmaninwhom…hasconfidence。介词是表示范围的介词，如：in/over/among/of例：Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.A.withwhichB.forC.ofwhich [答疑500220011904]例：Heinvitedmanyscientiststohisbirthdayparty,manyof werehisold [答疑500220012001]老同学。”这里很自然地会有manyofwhommanyofthem的选择。例：TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoof areseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.（2003.4） [答疑500220012002]例：Thewriterhaspublishedmany arewellreceivedbytheA.noneofwhom B.allofwhichC.neitherof D.oneof[答疑是物books，所以选项A、C是错误的。选项D的错误之处在于，定语从句中的系动词用的是复数are,oneofwhichB等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时 theydoeverydayissitinsideandstudy. [答疑500220012004]不用which。TheplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBig例：Thisisoneofthebest onthesubject.thathaveeverbeenwhichhaveeverbeenthathaseverbeenwhateverhavebeenwritten[答疑500220012005]theonlyoneof…时谓语动词要使用单thevery,theonly例：TomistheonlymanIwantto [答疑500220012006]例：Thecarranoveradaboy justcrossingthestreet.A.thosewere B.thatwereC.thatwas [答疑500220012007]用复数，所以要选thatwere。Iwillnevefetthetenyears.WeworkedtogetherinthetenIwillnevef etthetenyears.Weworkedtogetherwhen.Iwillneve etthetenyearswhenweworked例：Thetimewill mancanflytoouterspacefreely. C.inthat [答疑500220012008]whenthetime，同时又在后面的定语从句中做时间状语。但这个定语从句没有直接跟在先行词thetime的后面，而是放在了谓语动词come的后面，这例：Anoldfriendfrom Iwasexpectingtostaywith,ephonedmethe[答疑介词with的宾语。例：Hehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery, A.whichIthinkitis B.ofwhichIthinkitisC.Ithinkwhichis D.whichIthinkis[答疑500220012010]Ithink作为语使用。例：Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungerchildthanshewastotheothers， ofcourse,madetheothersjealous. [答疑500220012011]一般as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词为整个主句。which引导非限制性定语从句，其先which例：TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofngthings,isoftenthecaseinothercountries. [答疑500220012012] mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed. 时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。I'llnever etthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwith（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlast（错）IwillneverfetthedayswhenIspentinthe（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlast（对）I'llneverfetthedays（which）Ispentinthethesame…assuch…Ourcompanywon'temploysuchgraduatesasyou I'mdeterminedtobuysuchaflatasyouarenowlivingin.可以用whether、how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。例：Alongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscoming [答疑500220012014]“thathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmaspromise宾语或者表语，充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略）。Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohisIwon’tbelievethefactthathetoldme.我不愿相信他告诉事实例：Therearesigns restaurantsare ingmorepopularwithfamilies. C.inwhich 第十四节例：Hehadtofinishthework A.hadn’the B.hadhe C.didn’the [答疑500220012101]I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?与你说句话，行吗no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardlyrarelylittle例：Shescarcelycaresforanything, B.does C.is D.isn't[答疑例：Younevertoldmeyouhaveseenthefilm, A.hadyou B.didn’tyou C.didyou D.weren’tyou[答疑Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughhe?/shouldn'the?他应该知道该做什么，对吗haveto+v.（hadtov.）don't（didn't）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrowdon't Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?usedn'the?hadbetterv.hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'theYou'dliketo+v.wouldn'tYou'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?你想和我一块去，对吗？10）陈述部分有must，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如：Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?Whatbeautifulcolors,aren'tthey?NeitheryounorIamanengineer,arewe?everything,that,nothing,this,it。例如：Everythingisready,isn'tit?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?他说他想去看看，是吗Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecantbetter,can'tshe?相信她能做得更好，她能吗？例：Isupposeyou’renotserious, A.don’tI B.C.areyou [答疑500220012207]例：Idon’tthinkyou’veheardofhimbefore, A.don’tI B.C.haveyou D.haven’tyou[答疑500220012105]否定词not移到了主句中，因此反问时要使用肯定形式。everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Weneednottagain,needwe?不必重做一遍，是吗？Hedarenotsayso,darehe?Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?Don'tdothatagain,willyou?别再那样做，好吗？例：Don'tfettowritetome, A.doyou B.won’tyou [答疑500220012106]注意：Let's开头的祈使句，后用shallwe?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallweLetuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?在阅览室等你，好吗？例：Pleaseletushavemoretime, A.shall B.willC.won’tyou D.don'tyou[答疑500220012107]Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?不会有麻烦，是吗？例：Therewon’tbeanyconcertthisSaturdayevening, A.willtherenot B.willthere C.isthere D.willitbe[答疑500220012108]Itisimpossible,isn'tit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?SheisfondofcollectingThefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleand,both....andnotonly...butalso...,等连接。Hisfatherisalawyerandhismotherisateacher.转折并列句常由并列连词but,while,yet,whereas,nevertheless,however等连接。Historyisarecordofmankind;differenthistorians,,interpretitdifferently. B.onthecontrary [答疑500220012109]【例句】EitheryouleavethishouseorI’llcalltheItwaslate,sowewentorandifHurryup,andwe’llbethereintime.=Ifwehurryup,we’llbethereinHurryup,orwe’llbe,A.Havingbeenill B.BeingillC.Thoughhewasill D.Hewasill[答疑500220012110]Wedividetheworkbetweenus,LithefloorandI thewindows.A.sweep,clean B.sweep,cleansC.sweeps,toclean D.tosweep,toclean[答疑500220012111]第十五节倒装句here,therenow,thenbe,come,exist,fallfollow,go,lie,remain,seem,standUnderthattreesitsabeautifulgirl例：fromthetenthfloorwhenthemanpointedhispistolathim.A.JumpeddowntheburglarB.DowntheburglarjumpedC.Theburglarjumpsdown D.Downjumpedtheburglar[答疑500220012201]『答案解析』DownjumpedtheburglarDown谓语动词应位于主语之前。CTheburglarjumpsdownneither,notonly,hardlyscarcelylittleseldomrarelynotuntilnowhere,atnotime,innosense,bynomeans,undernocircumstance。如：LittledidweexpectthathewouldfulfillhistasksoNotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）例：NotuntilIremindedhimforthethirdtimeworkingandlookedup.（2000）A.thathestoppedB.doeshestoppedC.didhestop D.thathestopped[答疑500220012202] theimportanceofwearingseatbeltswhiledriving.（1996）A.LittletheyrealizeB.TheylittledorealizetlerealizedotheyD.Littledotheyrealize[答疑500220012203]以only修饰状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：onlythen,onlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywith,onlythrough,onlyby,onlywhen,onlyafter,onlybecause。如：例：Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdometoasoundconclusion.A.canyou B.wouldyouC.youwill [答疑500220012204]例：Onlyunderspecialcircumstances totakemake-uptests.A.arefreshmenB.freshmenarepermittedC.permittedarefreshmenD.arepermittedfreshmen[答疑500220012205]A.arefreshmenpermitted。OnlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigNomatterhowbusyheis,hehastoattendtheHowevercolditis,healwaysgoes例：Ididn’tfinishreadingthatFrenchbook,neither A.didhe B.didn’the C.hedid [答疑500220012206]readthatFrenchbook例：Sheneverlaughed, losehertemper.A.orsheeverdid B.nordidsheeverC.ordidsheever D.norsheeverdid[答疑neverlosthertemper,eitherSounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要价如此之高，令每个人都例：So

aboutstockexchangethatthelecturewascompleybeyondA.didIknow B.Ihadknown C.Iknew D.wasIknow[答疑500220012208]例 youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.IfIHadIDidIhaverealizedAsI[答疑事实相反的虚拟语气，从句从省略了if，把助动词had提到了句子前面。 ,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions.（1997）A.Shouldtheycometous B.IftheycometousC.Weretheycometous D.Hadtheycometous[答疑第十六节主谓一致例：Whenandwherethenewhospitalwillbe amystery.A.toD.isTwoweekswastooFivetimesfivemakestwenty表示学科的名词physics（物理），maths（数学），以及news（），means（方法Everymeanshasbeentried.每式都试过了例：Thenewscomingfromdifferentpartsoftheworldareoftenextremelydiscouragingthesedays.（2000） [答疑anumberof+thenumberof+可数或例：Anumberoferrorsmadebyhimwassurprising. [答疑500220012303]例：Anumberof infrontofmyA.wasparked B.werepark C.isparking D.areparked[答疑500220012304]every…andevery…，manya…and…结构时，谓语动词用单数。Manyasingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty. Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation. Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.lawandordersoapandwateracupandsaucerforkandknifetheneedleandthreadhorseandcarriage马车timeandtide岁月breadandbuttertheebbandflow例：Iflawandordernotp,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyis [答疑500220012305]and,both…and,both,afew,many,severalFewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatcollege.Thecattlearegrazinginthesunshine.牛群在阳光下吃草.3）TheJapanesewereonceveryaggressive.人曾经非常具有性。4）Thericharenotalwaysselfish.Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear.3either…orneither…norwhetherornotonly…but（also）Neithermoneynorfamehasinfluenceonme.Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,including，suchas,例：Theteacher,aswellasallhis bythedancer’sA.wasimpressed B.hadimpressed [答疑500220012306]复数形式与theteacher一致。Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butdonotbringareturninmoneytothe动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：alotof/lotsof;plentyof/heapsof;halfof;two-third（three-fourth…）of;eighty（ten,twenty…）percent;partof;restof;noneofTwo-thirdsofpeoplepresentarewomen.Lotsofdamagewascausedbythefire.（乐队）,ernment,group,,public,team,troop（），crowd（人群）,Thefamilyisthebasicunitofoursociety.家庭是社会的最基本单位。（强调“家ThefamilywerewatchingtheTV.（Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.（强调“每一位观强调句型的结构为：Itis（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…，强调句型可以强调除谓语动Tombrokethewindowwithastoneyesterday.变为强调句型后，可ItwasTomwhobrokethewindowwithastoneItwasthewindowthatTombrokewithastoneItwaswithastonethatTombrokethewindowItwasyesterdaythatTombrokethewindowwitha例：Itisbecausesheisverydevotedtoherstudentssheisrespectedby B.which [答疑500220012401]述句：Sheisrespectedbythembecausesheisverydevotedtoherstudents.例：ItisdrivingontheleftwhatcausesvisitorstoBritainthemost [答疑述句：DrivingontheleftcausesvisitorstoBritainthemosttrouble.如果原句的谓语动词是过去时态，则用Itwas…that/who…。ItisIthat/whoamgoingtotheparkthisSunday.ItwasIthatputforwardtheItwasintheparkthatImetheryesterday.（强调地点状语）ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthepark.（强调时间状语Itwas8O’clock wegotthere.Itwasat8O’clock wegotthere.that，本句是一个强调句型，可以变为陈述句：Wegotthereat8O’clock.例：Itwasthere,thebelieve, she