高中情态动词讲解

高中情态动词讲解高中情态动词讲解高中情态动词讲解V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中情态动词讲解日期：20xx年X月情态动词专项讲解1.Chinaisdevelopingitshigh-speedtraintechnologyfast,soit_____begoodenoughtocatchupwiththebest.A.mayB.mightC.mustD.should2.Thensomeotherinterestingreasonsappear,suchas“It'ssosmoggythatI______findmywaytooffice."A.mustn’tB.won’tC.can’tD.shouldn’t3."Theworldisbig,andIwanttoseeit,"wroteateacherinherresignationletter._____youquityourjobtotraveltheworld?

A.MustB.MightC.ShouldD.Would【答案揭晓】 CCD一、情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形或其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能.应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。1.NodrivingelectricmotorbikesinsomeareasisarulethatweshallobeyinFuzhou.必须.一定（法律.法规等）动词原形2.Womenwhoareexposedtosecond-handsmokeduringtheirpregnancycanbeatriskofabortion.能，会，可以(表示有能力或机会)动词原形二、常考情态动词的关键用法(一)can1.－Jim，itistimeyouwenttobed．Youneedtogetupearlytomorrow.－It’snotfair，MarycanstayuptilltenhutIhavetogotobedateight.可以(表示允许)2.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecan'tsing，Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.能，会，可以(表示有能力)3.Luckily,ironcanbereworkedandmistakesdon'thavetobethrownaway能够，可以(表示某事物的特点)4.Petercanbereallydifficulttogetalongwithattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.有可能;有时会5.Icannotchoosebuttogo.不能，无法(用于否定句，表示情况不允许)6.Icannotthankyouenough,ithasbeenawonderfulday.再.....也不为过(也可以用cannever/hardly.....toomuch)7.—IsJackondutytoday?—Itcan'tbehim.It’shisturntomorrow.

不可能(can可用于否定句/疑问句中表猜测，此句表对现在的猜测)8.—Canhehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootballteam?—Yes,hemusthave.可能（can可用于否定句/疑问句中表猜测，canhavedone表示对过去的猜测猜测）9.ThisoldladywasstrugglingoutofthetrainandIsaid,'Oh,canIhelpyou'

能(通常用于疑问句，表示建议或提议帮忙)10.Canyoujustliftthetableforasecond?

(用于疑问句时,can表示礼貌的请求，而can't表示强烈请求）(二)could1.Formyreturnjourney,IfeltIcouldaffordtheextraandtravelfirstclass能;会(表示发生在过去的能力)2.–Ifeelboredwithnothinginterestingtodo.--YoucouldwatchTV.TherewillbeaverygoodHollywoodfilmonthisevening.可以(表示提议或建议)3.–CouldIhavealook

--Ofcourseyoucan.

表许可（委婉的语气用could，回答时用can）4.Animprovementinlivingstandardscouldbeyearsaway.可能(表示某事可能属实或可能发生，对将来或者现在发生事情的肯定猜测)5.WhentheshipsailedoutfromThailand,the16sailorsonboardcouldn'thavethought_thatonlyhalfof可能(couldhavedone，只用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生事情的猜测)themwouldreturnagain.高.考.资.源.网6.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpressed

itdifferently.(couldhavedone用于肯定句中，表虚拟语气，表示过去本有可能发生的事情但却并未发生，不能使用can’thavedone的形式)（三）beableto1.EvenifstandardizedtestsliketheSATcouldshowastudent’sacademicproficiency（学业水平）,theywillneverbeabletotestthingslikeconfidence,effortsandwillpower,andareunabletogiveusthefullpictureofastudent’spotentialities（潜力）【解析】beableto解释为“能够”，有各种时态的形式。注：can和beableto都可以表示能力.can泛指一般的能力,而且只有两种形式,即:can,could．beableto则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力，其形式主要是靠be发生变化，所以形式比can多．可以说：Icanswim.Iamabletoswim.但是不能说：Allthepeoplecouldescapefromthebigfireintime.只能说：Allthepeoplewereabletoescapefromthefireintime.(四)may1.Everyoneofusmayplantatreeintheschool,ororganizeathoroughcleaningonthecampus.可以(表许可)2.（1）Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；theymayjustbequietpeople.有可能，也许(may表猜测，用于肯定或否定句中，此例表示对现在某种情况的猜测）（2）Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers maynotlikethedesignofthefurniture.也许，可能(may表猜测，用于肯定或否定句中，maynot为“可能不”的意思)（3）Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.—You mayhavelostitwhileshopping.(may表猜测，mayhavedone表示对过去或者现现在已经完成的动作的肯定猜测)3.MayGodblessyou!祝;但愿(五)might1.IwaswonderingifImightaskyouafavor

可不可以，能否(用于礼貌地打断别人.提出问题.做出请求或引出接下来要说的话)2.—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace可能(表不是很有把握的猜测，语气比may弱)3.—Whereismydictionary

IrememberIputithereyesterday.—Youmighthaveputitinthewrongplace.(might表猜测，mighthavedone则表示对过去或者现已完成的动作的肯定猜测=mayhavedone)4.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel，butperhapsImighthavedrivenherthere.（此处，mighthavedone表虚拟语气，意为“过去原本可能/可以做到的事而未做”）5.Thisholidayisn’tmuchfun;wemight\mayaswellbebackhome.只好(做);(做…)也无妨(六)will1.Thelowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthemtogetintoagoodcollege.将（表示将来）2.Youwillcarryouttheseinstructionsandreportbackintothisafternoon.(表示将来的正式安排)3.Hewillbecomehersenioradviser---herdeputy,ifyouwill.愿意4.-----Anyone,answerthephone------Iwill.临时的决定5.Marywillsitforhoursreading.Thewindowwillnotopen,howeverhardhetries.表现在经常反复的动作或者趋向6.Manwilldiewithoutair.表必然性(七)would1.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhewouldnotsmoke，andhehasneversmokedeversince.（will的过去式，用于转述）将2.Hurryup!Itwouldbeashametomissthebeginningoftheplay.She’dbeafooltoacceptit.将，将会(表示判断或看法)3.Shewouldn’tchangeiteventhoughsheknewitwaswrong.不愿(表示意愿)4.Whenhehadaproblemtosolve，hewouldworkatituntilhefoundananswer.常常（表示过去的习惯）Shewouldbealwaysthefirsttooffertohelp.Thecarwouldn’tstartthismorning.老是，总是（表趋向）(八)shall1.We/Ishallcallyoubackthisafternoon.(表将来用于No.1人称)2.---HasMr.TomWhitearrived?---Yes,already.Shallhewaitoutsideorjustcomein

(shall用在疑问句中，且主语为No.1/No.3人称，表示征求对方意见)3.（1）—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?

—“Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea.”（2）“Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts，accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides，”declaredthejudge.（3）Youshallgettheanswertomorrow.（4）Theyshallnotbeallowedinafter11p.m.(shall用在陈述句中，且主语为No.2/No.3人称时，表示允诺、命令、警告、决心或规定)(九)should/oughtto1.—IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.—Youshould.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.应该;应当2.(1)—MargaretshouldnotstayathomealldaylonginfrontoftheTV.应该，必须(表示给出指示或公布官方命令)(2)—That'sright．Sheoughttogotothefitnesscenterwithus.应该，必须3.Thereshouldnotbeanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalot.应该，可能(表示预期或可能性)4.Ifyoushouldbefired,yourhealthandpensionbenefitswillnotbeautomaticallycutoff将要，假定要(用在虚拟条件从句中表示事件发生的可能性)5.Iinsistedthatweshouldhavealookateverycar应该(用在某些动词、名词之后that引导的虚拟语气从句中)6.It’ssurprising/strangethatheshouldbeathief.竟然（用在某些adj./n.之后that引导的虚拟语气中）7.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—Youshouldhavetoldherlastweek.(shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone，表示本应该做的事而未做)8.Yououghtn’ttohavebeenlateforyesterday’Sclassmeeting，asitwassoimportant．(oughtnottohavedone=shouldnothavedone，表示过去本不该做的事却做了)注：oughtto与should的用法区别如下1.一般说来，两者可替换，只是oughtto语气稍重。如：Yououghtto/shouldgoandseeMary.你应该去看看玛丽。2.表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用oughtto，若用should则强调个人意见、主观看法。如：WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow,butIdon’tthinkwewill.明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们去不了。(此句不宜用should)。3.在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should.如：Youshouldnotrunalongsidetheswimming-pool.不准在游泳池边奔跑(十)must/haveto1.—It’stheoffice!Soyoumustknoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.必须，应当(通常因为规定或法律)2.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations，youmusttakecareofyourluggage.务必，一定要(用于表示建议或邀请)John，lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?偏偏，非要(用于问句中表示生气)4.Tom，youmustn'tleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!一定不要—Hi,Tom.Any

idea

where

Jane

is—She_mustbe_in

the

classroom.I

saw

her

there

just

now.很可能是，想必是，肯定是(must表猜测，只用于肯定句中，此句是对现在的猜测)—GuesswhatIhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!Youmusthavereadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.(musthavedone表示据已知情况对过去情况进行肯定的推测，只用于肯定句中)Someaspectsofapilot’sjobcanbeboring，andpilotsoftenhavetoworkatinconvenienthours.必须，不得不—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?—Youdon’thavetodoanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.不必【解析】haveto和must1)两词都是'必须'的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2)haveto有人称.数.时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.3）在否定结构中：don'thaveto表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止"，Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。(十一)need/dare1.—WhatsortofhousedoyouwanttohaveSomethingbig—Well，itneednotbebig—that’snotimportant.必要(need作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中)2.—Catherine，Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.Youneedn’thavedoneit.Icouldmanageitmyself.(needn’thavedone表示过去本不必做的事却做了)3.IdaresayyouareBritishbutyoustillneedapassporttoproveit.可能，大概;想必，我想【固定搭配】4.Thegovermentdarenotraiseinterestratesagain.敢(dare作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中)5.Howdareyoutalktomelikethat?竟敢(dare作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中)【解析】1.need/dare作情态动词无人称或数的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中，但Idaresay例外。2.need作为行为动词有人称和数的变化，后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。如：（1）Sheneedshelp.她需要帮助。（2）---DoIneedtogoatonce

我需要马上走吗

区别NeedIgoatonce?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.（3）ItwasSundayandshedidn’tneedtogotowork.Soshestayedathome.(后加to，实义动词)Sheneedn’thavegonetoworkthatday.Shecouldhavestayedathome.（后加原形，情态动词）3.dare用作实义动词，其后可带动词不定式，否定句中也可带省to不定式，且有人称和数以及时态的变化。例如：(1)Idaretojumpdownfromthetopofthewall.我敢从那墙头上跳下来。(2)Shedoesn't/didn’tdare(to)meetherteacher'seyes.她不敢与老师对视。三、情态动词重点用法小结表示猜测（可能性）词形肯定式否定式疑问式must必然.必定//should按说应该//oughtto按说应该//can/不可能有可能吗？could微弱的可能不可能语气比can弱may或许，也许，可能不/might比may还弱比maynot还弱/【注】对现在或者将来可能发生事情的猜测的结构为：must/should/oughtto/can’t/could/may/might+V(原形)对过去可能发生事情的猜测的结构为：must/can’t/couldn’t/may/might+haveV-ed例如：Hemay/might/must/shouldbeonhiswayhomenow.(现在)Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.（过去）情态动词+havedone情态动词+完成式用法例句musthavedone(过去)想必/准是/一定做了否定为：can’t/couldn’thavedoneItmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.can/couldnothavedone用于疑问句/否定句，表猜测，(过去)可能做了某事Canhehavegonetohisaunt’s?

Hecannothaveforgottenit.couldhavedone表虚拟，用于肯定句，“过去本可以做而未做”Tomcouldhavedonebetterintheexam.may/might（not）havedone1.也许，或许（肯定句）2.可能不（否定句）3.表虚拟语气，“(过去)本可以做到而没做到”It’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Youdidn'tdotheworkwellthatday.Youmighthavedoneitbetter.should/oughttohavedone(过去)本该做某事，而实际上未做Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone(过去)本不该做某事，而实际上做了Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone(过去)本不必做某事而做了Youneedn’thavetakenataxithere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.hadbetter（not）havedone(过去)最好（没）做了Youhadbetternothavescoldedme.wouldrather（not）havedone宁愿(过去)（没）做了Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.wouldlike/love（not）tohavedone(过去)本（不）打算做但未做成Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.情态动词解题技巧关键词：一情，二境，三时(1)认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气.情感.态度.观点等。

(2)认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。

(3)要注意把握时间概念。

例如：

Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.过去“（要）没你”

A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged

根据题干中所给出的时间lastweek可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A.C两项，再结合could(not)havedone表示猜测可知说话者想表达的意思是：要没你，我们不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。情态动词经典考题1..I___useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A.couldn'tB.mustn't C.shouldn'tD.needn't2..I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI___findthemoney.A.can B.might C.would D.need3..We______thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?A.shouldface B.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced4..Thenewlawstatesthatpeople______driveafterdrinkingalcohol.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.won'tD.mustn't5..It’squitewarmhere;we__________turntheheatingonyet.A.couldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t6..Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but________saywherehe