非谓语动词用法比较

非谓语动词用法比较非谓语动词用法比较非谓语动词用法比较V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考非谓语动词用法比较日期：20xx年X月do主动语态被动语态句法功能否定式一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主宾表定状补前面直接加nottodotodotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√ingdoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√ed

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vt.(被动完成)risenvi(主动完成)√√√√非谓语动词用法比较辑主语及复合结构不定式-ing过去分词for/ofsbtodosb:宾格/名词1.主格代词/名词+doing(作状语)2.形物代/宾格和名词所有格/普通格+doing(作主,宾语)主格代词/名词+done(作状语)一．不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别1.-ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为;不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Smokingisforbiddenhere．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)2.不定式做主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。常见句型有itisadj.(of/forsb.)todosth.Ittookwillandpatiencetodoanythingwell.Itisniceofyoutosayso.在“Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doing”等结构中作主语，it为形式主语；其他情况doing直接做主语。Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。Itisnogoodcryingthespiltmilk.覆水难收4.主表对称原则Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.二．不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别形式作宾语常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimtoday.2.1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：hope/manage/refuse/pretend/plan/offer/decide/agree/fail/afford/happen/should(would)like(love)/belikely+todo2)有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：enjoy喜欢；mind在意；practise练习；avoid避免；finish完成；prevent防止；appreciate欣赏；suggest建议；delay耽搁；imagine想象；keep保留；risk冒险；dislike讨厌；excuse原谅；miss错过；forgive宽恕；admit承认；can’tstand忍不住；feellike想要；giveup放弃；putoff推迟；objectto反对;lookforwardto期望,keepon一直,setabout着手,Shefinishedreadingthebook(看完这本书）yesterday.Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow你承认不承认打破了窗户Doyoufeelliketakingawalk你要不要去散步WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我们期待着来中国。Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom你介意我在室内吸烟吗三．作宾补时,三者的区别1.有些动词接不定式作宾补：（和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成；表一次性动作）①Tell/order/persuade/invite/force/warn

/encourage/get/ask+sbtodoHeaskedmetofinishitintime.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.②feel(一感);hear\listento(二听);

have\make\let(三使)；see\watch\observe\notice\lookat\find(六看)+sbdo等感官使役动词后跟不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to.（表全过程）Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.Iheardhersingthesongmanytimes.2.有些动词接ing作宾补：feel(一感);hear\listento(二听);

have\get\leave\keep(四使)；see\watch\observe\notice\lookat\find(六看)+sbdoing(强调动作正在进行或一直做某事；用延续性动词)Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.IheardhersingingthesongwhenIpassedherroom.3.有些动词后跟过去分词作宾补：feel(一感);hear\listento(二听);make\let\get\have\leave\keep\(六使)；see\watch\observe\notice\lookat\find(六看)+sbdone（表动作已经完成，多强调状态，表被动）Speakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.IheardthesongsunginEnglishmanytimes.四．作表语时,三者的区别1).不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。Myjobistohelpthepatientnow.（说明主语具体内容）2)-ing形式作表语：①表示抽象的、一般性的行为。（说明主语具体内容，主表可换位）Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．Herjobislookingafterthechild.②表“令人如何如何”（主语所具有的特征），如：astonishing\exciting\moving\surprising\tiring\interesting\amusing\shocking\worryingHisreportisinteresting.Themusicsoundsexciting.3)---V-ed：“让人感到如何如何”（主语所处的状态）如：astonished\excited\moved\surprised\tired\interested\amused\shocked\worried\disappointed\drunk\frightened\married\confused\pleased\puzzled\satisfied等Thecupsarebroken.Sheisinterestedinthejob.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.五．作定语时三者的区别1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，若为动宾关系，动词须为及物动词，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting;名词chance/opportunity等或由序数或形容词最高级修饰的名词。Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Ineedapentowritewith.Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowwillbeimportant.作定语①表多位于其前表示其性能、用途（无时间性）Hehasareadingroom.asleepingcar②表正在进行（主谓关系）即主动进行，可换为定语从句;asleepingboyThegirlgatheringflowersisbeautiful.Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisimportant.3.过去分词作定语有（动宾关系，表完成）即被动完成或完成，可换为定语从句。abrokencupThequestiondiscussedyesterdayisimportant.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.(AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.)Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.(Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.)六．作状语时,三者的区别1)不定式作状语通常表示①原因(谓动之后)②目的(可用soasto/inorderto替换)③结果/程度(意想不到的结果，常为onlytodo)Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.2)-ing或过去分词作状语通常表示①原因②时间③条件④让步⑤结果⑥伴随（逗号）(主语一致性；-ing表主动，过去分词表被动)Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.Notsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.When/Ifheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Beingverysmall,computersarewidelyused.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.非谓语动词特殊用法：一.下列情况用不定式：①.sth.beadj(hard\difficult\easy\heavy)todoThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.②.sb.havesth.todoIhavealotofworktodo.③.Therebesth.todoThereisnothingtotalkabout.④.find(think\feel\consider\make\believe)itadjtodosth⑤一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语（except,but除外）Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Shedidnothingbutcry.二．在havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+doing；bebusy(in)+doing；等结构中，in常要省去。Thechildrenarebusydoingtheirhomework.孩子们忙于做作业。三．在（be）worth后面只能用-ing的主动态来表示被动意义。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提议值得考虑。可转换成：Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered/ofbeingconsidered..四．下列动词即可不定式作宾语也可不定式作宾补：want\expect\wish\promise+(sb)todo五．get\have\leave\keep+sbdoing(使…处于某状态)I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.六．注意下列动词的用法：allow\advise\forbid\permit\intend

(sb)\consider（认为\考虑）---sbtodo\doingbeusedto--