初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

v1.0可编写可改正初中英语语法宾语从句解说小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序指引词；主句一般此刻时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈说转变that引，一般疑问用if/whether,特别问句疑问词，指引词后陈说式。一．基本解说根源：直接引语变间接引语观点:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。Eg:Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)指引词that指引宾语从句时，往常用陈说句充任,that可省略。111v1.0可编写可改正Eg:Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.Theyallknow(that)Jimisgoodatskating.(2)whether或if指引的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充任，陈说语序。Eg:“Areyouinterestedingeography”shesaid.Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.注意：一般状况下，whether和if能够互用，但有些状况例外222v1.0可编写可改正a.介词短语后只用whether不用ifeg:Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.指引词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.eg:Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontimec.if当假如讲时,指引的是条件状语从句，表示‘假如’，不可以用whether.Eg:Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.(3).特别疑问词指引宾语从句时，不行省略，陈说句语序。特别疑问词为：how,when,where,why,whichwhose.What指引宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。.‘Whatdoyouwant’Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.对照以下句子，看what做什么成分：333v1.0可编写可改正Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.（what做主语）Hedoesn’tknowwhattodonow(做宾语)Heaskedmewhohewas.(who做表语)2.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般此刻时，从句不受主句的限制eg:Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilmI’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.(过去一般)Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去达成）IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（过去未来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真谛，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍旧要用一般此刻时。比如：Eg:Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）3.语序：陈说语序，主+谓+其余444v1.0可编写可改正*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing（Couldyoupleasetellme）CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing*Hassheseenthemovie（Heasked.）Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou二、宾语从句的转变当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式构造。如：Eg:Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后边有特别疑问词指引的宾从时，555v1.0可编写可改正能够简化成“疑问词＋不定式构造”。比如：Eg:Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.sheforgettotakeit当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”构造，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.三．否认转移.Idon’tthinkheiscool.我以为他其实不酷常用词：believe，suppose,think等四．注意问题和易错点由马马虎虎致使语序的错杂，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受指引词的影响（可临时忽视指引词，直接看从句）Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether能否，if能否/假如）从句中介词短语的介词弄丢Eg:Idon’tknowwhosheislookingat.(简单丢了at)宾从和定从同时出现完整手足无措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，指引词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why，what不可以用语定从，只用于宾从）混杂视觉的句子，错当是疑问句Jimdidn’tknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.宾语从句专项习题稳固练习youdecided________forAustraliaA.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleavC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleaveyoutellme_________oldmanaskedme________.666v1.0可编写可改正A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinemathink_______youwilllikehim.D.howdidn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.D.howwonder_________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescostaskedme_________him___.don’tknow_________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestartsdoctoraskedmehowlong________.D.Ihadbeenillweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrowyouknow_________A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongtoyoutellmewhere_________D.isthetapewanttoknow_________A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouwantedtoknow_________.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking777D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingoneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.D.ifdidn’tknow_________.A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatchonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedodon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.D.whattodoaskedme_________.A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney能力提升练习1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;IfIdon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcomeCouldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalisCouldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelpIwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_________nowD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________

v1.0可编写可改正．888v1.0可编写可改正A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,pleaseA.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Ican'tunderstand_____.Idon’Couldyoutellme___________A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor13.Doyoustillremember_______Ican’Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.C.howfar/wentD.howfar/hadrunThemanagercameuptosee__________.’sthematter18.Canyoutellme___________D.whattodoit19.Heaskedhisfather_______.，soweneedyourhelp.999v1.0可编写可改正D.whattodoit直击中考1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.---MayIcomeinI’msorryIamlate.----Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______.A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.----Buswilltakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum5.Petersays