英文学术论文写作和投递名师优质课赛课一等奖市公开课获奖课件

主讲人：谢乃明,南京南京航空航天大学文化素质选修课第六讲英文学术论文写作与投递第1页ContentⅠ.IntroductionⅡ.PreparationsbeforewritingⅢ.ManuscriptstructureⅣ.Tipsforgettingaccepted第2页目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingaccepted第3页Whypublished?Toshareyourresearchfindingsandopinionswiththeinternationalresearchcommunity分享科学发觉Publicationsuccessislinkedtofundingsuccessandcareeradvancement促进成功和职业晋升ManyPhDprogramsrequirecandidatestoachieveasetnumberofpeer-reviewedpublications获取博士学位要求第4页Publishorperish(不发表，即消亡)申请科研经费GrantWriting期刊发表PaperPublished资助机构FundingBodies科研工作者Scientist第5页IncreasingCompetition第6页期刊出版商不希望发表零引用论文第7页出版商希望登载优异论文第8页目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingaccepted第9页Ⅱ.PreparationsbeforewritingHowtoidentifyhottopics（怎样寻找热点问题）Studydesign（研究设计）Whatdojournaleditorswant（编辑需求）Choosinganappropriatejournal（选择适当期刊）Ethicalissues（学术道德）第10页Howtoidentifyhottopics第11页StudydesignHaveanhypothesisorresearchquestion（假设）Useappropriatemethodsandcontrols（方法）Ensuresamplesizesarelargeenough（案例）Useappropriatestatisticaltests（统计试验）Removeinvestigator/researcher/patientbias（消除偏见）Complywithethicalrequirements（恪守学术伦理）第12页Whatdojournaleditorswant?GoodqualityscienceRobusttopeerreview（充分文件回顾）Welldesignedandexecutedoriginalresearch（原创研究）Findingsofinteresttothejournal’sreadership（与期刊关联度大）Workinanactiveresearcharea(=citations!)（引用多）Workthatadvancesthefieldinsomeway（学术贡献）Compliancewithethicalregulations（符合学术伦理）Clear,concisewriting（清楚、准确语言表示）第13页JournalSelectionCanbethedifferencebetweensuccessandrejectionWhatisthemainfocusofyourresearchandwhowillbeinterestedinit?（主要观点）Whatareitsstrengthsandweaknesses?（优劣势）Howsignificantareyourfindings?（研究意义）Areyourfindingspreliminaryoraretheysufficienttomakeastory?（充分地说理，案例完整）Howwidelywillyourresearchappeal?Toresearchersinthesamefieldortothebroaderscientificcommunity?（研究领域宽度）第14页JournalSelection第15页PublicationEthicsUnethicalbehaviorcouldleadtorejectionandapossiblebanfromatargetjournal.Multiplesubmissions（一稿多投）Redundantpublications（一稿多发）Plagiarism（剽窃）Datafabricationandfalsification（数据造假与篡改）Improperuseofhumansubjectsandanimalsinresearch（不恰当素材使用）Improperauthorcontribution（不正确作者工作）第16页目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingaccepted第17页论文结构第18页Ⅲ.ManuscriptstructureThe‘write’orderTitleAbstractandkeywordsIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResultsDisplayitemsStatisticsDiscussionandConclusionsReferences第19页The‘write’orderManuscripts:formaximumclarityandconsistency,writeinthisorder:第20页Theimportanceofyourtitle第21页标题应包含（goodtitle）Conveythemainfindingsoftheresearch（主要科学发觉）Bespecificandconcisewithoutfocusingononlyonepartofthecontent（详细而又准确）Avoidjargon,non-standardabbreviationsandunnecessarydetail（防止行话、不标准缩略语及无须要细节）Complywithcharacterlimits（符合字数限制）Somejournalsalsorequireashortrunningtitle第22页goodtitle--example信息处理、压力、疲劳和多发性硬化症关系第23页作者姓名及所在单位（AuthorandOrganization）第24页AbstractManyresearcherswillonlyreadtheabstractsomustbeableto‘standalone’（自明性）Mustgiveanaccuratesummaryofyourresearch,andenoughinformationsothatreaderscanunderstand:WhatyoudidWhyyoudiditWhatyourfindingsareWhyyourfindingsareusefulandimportant第25页Abstract第26页AbstractGeneralrulesforabstracts:Withinthewordlimit(符合字数要求)Avoidtechnicaljargon（躲避行话）Avoidabbreviationsunlessnecessary（尽可能防止了缩略语）Avoidreferences（防止参考文件）Alwaysconsultthetargetjournal’sGuideforAuthorstodetermineallowablelength,styleandabbreviations第27页KeywordsAbstractsareoftenfollowedbyalistofkeywordsselectedbytheauthors.Choosingappropriatekeywordsisimportantforindexingpurposes.Yourmanuscriptcanmoreeasilyidentified,readandcited.KeywordsshouldbespecifictoyourmanuscriptGeneraltermsshouldbeavoided.第28页IntroductionMustgivethereaderenoughbackgroundinformationtoputyourworkintocontextEnoughinformationtounderstandtherationaleforyourstudyisallthatisrequired（基本原理）DonotwriteacomprehensiveliteraturereviewofthefieldDocitereviewsthatreaderscanrefertoiftheywantmoreinformation第29页Introduction第30页Thegrowingtrafficcongestioninlargecitiesworldwidehasledtoeconomicinefficiency,socialdisruption,excessiveenergyconsumptionandincreasedlevelsofpollution.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthemitigationoftheseproblemsrequiresefficientprovisionandutilizationofpublictransportationsystems.Thishasbecomeanimportantissueoflongstandinginteresttoeconomistsandtransportationscientists.Intheendof1960s,scholarsstartedtoderivetheoptimalinterstationspacingsofarapidtransitsystemwhichtransportedthepopulationofanareatoonecentralpoint,aimingatminimizingthetotaltraveltime(VuchicandNewell,1968)ormaximizingthenumberofpassengers(Vuchic,1969).………….…………….Thelateststudiesconcerningthetransitsystemmodeling,analysesandmanagementcanbefoundinareviewpaperbyDeCeaandFernandez()andabookbyVuchic().Introduction第31页Onlyverylimitedattentionhasbeenpaidtotheproblemofcommuters’departuretimechoiceforurbanmasstransitservices.Sumietal.(1990)presentedastochasticmodelforoptimizingthecommuters’departuretimeandroutechoicesinamasstransitsystem.Theyassumedthatdeparturetimeismainlydependentonthesystem’soperationalfeaturesandthetravelers’appointedtimeofarrivalatthedestination.AlfaandChen(1995)examinedapublictransportationsystemwithmultipleoriginsanddestinationsandproposedanalgorithmforcalculatingthepeak-hourdeparturetimeofcommuters,wherecommutersrideonthefirstcomingbusinarandomorder.Recently,KrausandYoshida()andKraus()providedeconomicanalysesaboutthecommuters’time-of-usedecision,theoptimalpricingandtheserviceinanurbanmasstransitsystem.Intheiranalyses,apartfromthefarecomponent,……………..Theabovestudiesconsideredthecapacityconstraintsoftransitsystemsandassumedthatifthenumberofcommuterswaitingatatransitstopexceedsthenumberofvacantseatsontheforthcomingtransitrun,thensomecommuterswillhavetowaitforthenextrun.However,thisassumptionisnotalwaysvalidinsomemetrosystems.…………..Introduction第32页ThereexistsacommonfeatureinsuchlargecitiesasBeijing,HongKong,London,NewYork,Moscowandothers,thatduringpeakperiod,somecommuterscontinuetoboardthetrainsalthoughtheyhavetostandinseriouslycrowdedvehicles.InBeijing,fortransportingmorecommuterstheauthorityevendeliberatelycutsdownthenumberofseatsforeachtransitvehicle.ThenumberofseatsprovidedineachtrainoftheBeijingNo.13railwaylineis96only,butthemaximalnumberofpassengersallowedtoboardis944(thephysicalcapacity).……….Wealsoobservedthatcommutersarenotwillingtowaitatplatformsforaperiodthatislongerthantwoscheduledheadways,butchangetheirarrivaltimesatplatformswhenthein-vehiclecrowdingisextremelyserious.Itisthusinterestingtodevelopamodelingapproachthatcanconsiderthestanding-upphenomenaandthein-vehiclecrowdingeffect.Huangetal.()introducedacrowdingcostfunctionformodelingurbanmasstransitservices,i.e.,Inthispaper,weinvestigatetheequilibriumpropertiesofthepeak-periodcommutinginamasstransitsystemwithmultipleoriginsandasingledestination.……..Notethatthemodelproposedinthispaperisformulatedfromthecommuters’pointofview,i.e.,basedonminimizingtheirowntravelcosts.Anothermodelingapproachthatkeepstothestandoftransitoperator’spointofviewcanbefoundinVuchic().Thepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2introducestheproblemsettingandformulatesanequivalentmathematicalprogrammingmodel.InSection3,we…….第33页MaterialsandMethodsClearsubheadingsformethods/materials（子标题）Describemethodsinthepasttense（用过去时态）Novelmethodsmustbedescribedinsufficientdetailforacapableresearchertoreproducetheexperiment（新方法必须充分描述，便于重复）DescribeanystatisticaltestsusedEstablishedmethodscanbereferenced（提供已经有方法参考）第34页Results---Whatdidyoufind?Assembleyourfindingsinalogicalorderto‘makeastory’Presentyourfindingsinsubsections(thesameasthoseinyourmethodssection)（分步骤陈说）Presentcomplementaryevidencewhenpossible（补充论据）Describeresultsinthepasttense（过去时态）Refertofiguresandtablesinthepresenttense（图表用现在时）Donotdiscussimplications—dothatinthediscussionsectionDonotduplicatedataamongfigures,tablesandtext（不要重复叙述图表已经有数字）Showtheresultsofstatisticalanalyses,(e.g.,pvalues)inthetext（统计分析结果）第35页Figures,tables第36页Figures,tables第37页Figures,tables第38页Figures,tables第39页Figures,tables第40页Figures,tables第41页StatisticsToday,fewprofessionalactivitiesareuntouchedbystatisticalthinking,andmostacademicdisciplinesuseittoagreaterorlesserdegree…Statisticalthinkingisawayofrecognizingthatourobservationsoftheworldcanneverbetotallyaccurate;theyarealwayssomewhatuncertain.第42页Statistics第43页DiscussionRestateyourresearchquestionand/oranyhypothesespresentedintheintroductionSummarizeyourmainfindings—makeitclearhowyourstudyhasadvancedthefieldBeginwithyourmostimportantfindingPasttensetodescriberesults(currentandpublished)PresenttensetodescribetheirimplicationsMinimizerepetitionwithothersectionsDescribeinconsistencieswithotherpapersDescribethelimitationsofyourstudy第44页Discussion第45页Discussion第46页ConclusionsRestatekeyfindingsandtheirsignificanceProposefuturestudiesthatmightfollowonfromyourcurrentstudyGivethereadera‘take-home’message第47页AcknowledgmentsYourchancetoacknowledgeanyonewhohashelpedwiththestudy:IndividualswhodidnotqualifyforauthorshipbasedonICMJEcriteriaAnyresearchersthatsuppliedmaterialsorreagentsAnyonewhoprovidedtechnicalassistanceAnyonewhohelpedwiththepreparationofthemanuscriptorprovidedacriticalassessmentofitFundingbodiesStatewhyeachindividualisbeingacknowledged第48页References第49页目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingaccepted第50页Coverletters第51页Coverletters第52页CoverlettersGeneralrulesforcoverletters:AddresstotheeditorpersonallyBeginbygivingyourmanuscripttitleandpublicationtypeGiveabriefbackground,rationaleanddescriptionofresultsExplainwhyyourfindingsareimportantandwhytheywouldbeofinteresttothejournal’stargetaudienceConsultthejournal’sGuideforAuthorsforcoverletterrequirements(e.g.,disclosures,statements,potentialreviewers)Givecorrespondingauthordetails第53页Coverletters第54页ReviewersRecommendYourworksupportstheirhypothesesandideasYourresearchbuildsontheirworkInternationalcollaboratorsinthesamefieldExcludeResearchersworkingonthesameresearchquestionYourstudyrefutestheirworkThefindingsinyourmanuscriptareareoppositetotheirfindingsorideas第55页ProfessorWayneK.TalleyTR-PartE,Editor-in-ChiefDepartmentofEconomicsCollegeofBusinessandPublicAdministrationOldDominionUniversity,Norfolk,VA23529-0221,USASeptember20,PaperSubmissionforPossiblePublicationinTransportationResearchPartEDearProfessorTalley,Attachedpleasefindthepaper“Equilibriumbusridingbehaviorinmorningrushhourandsystemconfigurationforprovidingbusservices”byHai-JunHuang,QiongTian,HaiYangandZi-YouGao.WewouldliketosubmitthispapertoTransportationResearchPartE:Logis