高中英语必修三 Unit 4 Space Exploration 词汇习 3 + 语篇训练 (教师版)高一英语新教材知识讲

Unit4SpaceExploration词汇学习3+语篇训练(教师版)【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学(人教版必修第三册)Step1词汇运用检测Task1CompletethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthisunitaccordingtotheChinesemeaning.Theformercolonialpossessionsarenowindependentstates.以前的许多殖民地现已成为独立的国家。

2.Spacecrafthavealreadytraveledtootherplanets.宇宙飞船已游览了别的行星。3.Thespacecraftisorbitingthemoon.宇宙飞船正绕月球飞行。4.Aspacewalkmissionhasbeensuccessfullycompleted.成功完成太空漫步。5.Chinaplanstobroadcastthespacewalkonlivetelevision.

中国计划对太空漫步进行实况电视转播。6.It'sacollectionofChinesejade.这是收藏的一批中国玉器。7.Thesewineglassesweresoldathalfpricebecauseofblemishesinthejade.

这些酒杯半价出售，因为玉上有瑕疵。8.Theship'shullscrapedalongthesideofthedock.船行时船身擦着码头的边。9.Thecruiseshipisstrikeboundinthedock.巡洋舰因罢工而停泊在码头上。10.Herowedupthecanallookingforaplacetodocktheboat.他在运河里划船，寻找一个码头泊船。Theferryisexpectedtodockat6.渡船预计在6点停靠码头。Aredlampisoftenadangersignal.红灯常常是危险的信号。Icorrectedmywatchbythetimesignal.我按报时信号校正我的表。Thepolicesignaledthetraffictomoveforwardslowly.警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。Thesubmarinesignaledforhelp.潜水艇发出求救的信号。Task2单句语法填空Secondly,spaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthat/whichbenefitusall.High-endproductsaroundtheworldaremadetoahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvanced(advance)technologywhichwasfirstcreatedtomeettherequirementsforspaceexploration.Forexample,spacetechnologieshavehelpedtheresearchanddevelopment(develop)ofdifferenttypesofnewmaterial.Theyhavealsohelpedcompaniesmakebetterheartmonitorsandothermachinesthatdoctorsregularly(regular)use.Today,spacetechnologiesarewidelyusedinallkindsofindustries,andeverydayproductssuchasGPS,memoryfoampillows,andsmartphonecamerasarechangingourlives.Finally,sendingastronautsintospacehashelpedpeopletothinkabouttheworldsproblemsandeventofindwaystosolvethem.Seeingpicturesofourplanetasanislandinablackseamadepeoplerealisethatourplanetsresourcesarelimited.Inordertoprovideforsucharapidlyincreasing(increase)population,scientistsaretryingtofindotherplanetsthatcouldonedaybeournewhome.ThegreatestattentionatpresentisonMarsbecauseitisclosertoEarth.Inthefuture,humansmayliveonbothplanets.Inclosing,exploringspaceprovidestheworldwithmanydifferentbenefits.Therefore,itshouldcontinuesoastoprovide(provide)newandbettersolutionstopeople’sshort-termandlong-termproblems.Ihopewecanseeeyetoeyeabouttheothertermsoftheagencythen.Onethingyoucan'trecycleiswasted(waste)time.

14.Thecontraction(construct)ofmuscleisareactionofthebody.

15.Herdecisionseemstoshowalackofpolitical(politics)judgement.

Task3选词填空完成句子。recyclesolarotherwisecurrentsoastosufficienttowelfigureoutfloatlackWewenttoschoolsoastohaveameeting.

2.Weshouldtrytorecycleallourwastepaper.

3.Heisgoodathisjobbutheseemstolackconfidence.

4.Theseplantsfloatonthesurfaceofthewater.

5.Seizethechance,otherwiseyou'llregretit.

6.Thesunisthecenterofoursolarsystem.

7.Howlongwillshekeephercurrentjob?

8.Ican'tfigureoutwhyheisabsent.

9.ThemoneyIhavesavedissufficientforbuyingacar.

10.Idrymyhandsandfacewiththetowel.

Task4Translation.Thewordsandexpressionsinthebracketsmayhelpyou.他在那次比赛中拉伤了肌肉。(strain;muscle)Hestrainedhismuscleinthematch.

2.没有足够的水使船漂浮起来。(float)Thereisnotenoughwatertofloattheship.

3.通货膨胀率已经超过了8%。(inflation;beyond)Thelevelofinflationhasgonebeyond8%.

4.这种深奥的哲理我可无法理解。(philosophicalsubtlety;beyondone’sreach)Suchphilosophicalsubtletiesarebeyondmyreach.

5.太阳系是四十五亿年前形成的。(solarsystem)Thesolarsystemwasformed4.5billionyearsago.

6.我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。(figureout)Ican'tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.

7.目前的趋势是穿着比较随便。(current;informal)Thecurrenttrendistowardsinformalclothing.我怀疑他们是否真有足够的人力。(sufficient;manpower)Idoubtwhethertheyreallyhavesufficientmanpower.

9.肥皂从我手上滑落了。(soap;slip)Thesoapslippedoutofmyhand.

10.这种植物能在地球上许多地方生长。(globe)Thisplantcangrowinmanypartsoftheglobe.

Step2语篇提升训练ATheyearwas1999.Iwas18，livingwithfriendsinatownaboutanhournorthofMilwaukee.Desperateforadventure，weoftentalkedabouthaunted(闹鬼的)locations，andevenwanderedaroundthewoodsnearRienziCemetery.SowhenafriendsharedastoryaboutanabandonedhousejustdowntheroadfromRienzi，howcouldIpossiblyresist?Thegroupofusjumpedinthecarandheadedoffintothewildunknown，completelyunawareofthemisfortunethatwouldsoonbefallus.Thehousewasisolated，overgrownandbarelyvisiblefromtheroad.Mostofitswindowswerebroken.Itseemedcompletelyneglectedexceptthelockeddooranda“NOENTRY”signoutside.Howwouldanyonenotice，orpossiblyevencare，ifwewentinandlookedaround?Westoleinside，hopingforanythingtoprovethelegend.Nothingvaluablewasfounduntilanoldletter，addressedtoaMr.J.Witherell，caughtmyeye.Itspaperwasstiffandyellowed.Excitedbythephysicalevidence，Islippedtheletterintomybackpocket.IwasabouttoexitthehousewhenInoticedfiretrucksandpolicecarsliningupoutontheroad.Whilemostofuswereexploringthehouse，oneofusmanagedtoknockafiredetectorofftheceiling，whichtriggeredanautomatedalarmatthefiredepartment.Iquicklyalertedtheothers，buttherewouldbenoescape.Afteramomentofpanic，wedecidedtogooutsideandfacethemusic.Toavoidatheftcharge，Ilefttheletterwhereitwasbeforesteppingoutside.Theresult?Notonlydidweallgetfinedforentering，wewererequiredtopayforpropertydamagetotaling$1,500each—toomuchforustoafford.Forsomanyyears，Ihavebeenwondering：Whyisthedesertedhousesoheavilyprotectedwithdetectorsandothersecuritymeasures?Whyisthepropertyregularlymaintained?What'sthestorybehindthatmysteriousletter?语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和几个伙伴去一间废弃房屋探险的故事。他们其中一个人把一个火灾探测器从天花板上碰了下来，触发了自动消防警报引来警察和消防员，最后大家都受到了惩罚。1．Whatdidtheshabbyappearanceofthehouseseemtoremindthekids?A．Theywouldhavenotroubleenteringit.B．Theirentrywouldbringthemasurprise.C．Theirentrywoulddisturbtheneighbors.D．Theirbehaviorwouldbenoticedbyitsowner.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Howwouldanyonenotice，orpossiblyevencare，ifwewentinandlookedaround？”可知，房屋的破烂外表让他们认为如果进去四处看看也没有谁会注意到，甚至没人会在意。故选A项。]2．Whydidtheauthorattempttotaketheletteraway?A．Itmightrevealwhohadbeenmaintainingthehouse.B．Itmighthelpuncoverthemysteryoftheabandonedhouse.C．Itmusthavebeenwrittentodiscloseatragedy.D．Itwastheevidenceofthehousebeingheavilyprotected.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Westoleinside，hopingforanythingtoprovethelegend.”和“Excitedbythephysicalevidence，Islippedtheletterintomybackpocket.”可知，作者和伙伴们走进屋里，希望有东西能证明房子的秘密，直到作者发现一封信。作者认为这就是物证，因此想把它带走，希望它能够帮助揭开这所废弃房子的秘密，故选B项。B项中的uncoverthemystery意为“揭露秘密”。]3．Whatledthepolicecarsandfiretruckstoarrivesoquickly?A．Thepoliceofficerswerecheckingthere.B．Thehouseownerreportedtothepolice.C．Thepolicecarswerepassingbyaccident.D．Someonesetoffthefirealarmsystem.D[细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，他们中的一个人竟把火灾探测器从天花板上碰了下来，从而触发了自动消防警报。故选D项。]4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theemptyhousehasbeenunderstrictprotection.B．Theauthorwonderswhytheygotfined.C．Nomaintenanceofthehouseisconductedregularly.D．Thereismuchmysteryabouttheabandonedhouse.D[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，关于那座废弃的房子，依然有很多谜团，故选D项。]BLivingwithyourparentshasitsbenefitsatleastwhenitcomestoraisingyourkids—theirgrandkids.Twonewstudiesaddtotheevidencethatgrandmotherscanenhancethesurvivalofgrandchildren.Thatis，unlessthegrandma'stoooldorlivestoofaraway.Humansareunusualinthatthefemaleslivelongpasttheageatwhichtheystophavingbabies.PatrickBergeron，professorofbiologyatBishop'sUniversityinQuebec，saidthatmostoftheorganismswillreproduceuptotheirverylastmoment.Thisincreaseisoftenexplainedbythesocalled“grandmothereffect”.Hethinkstherecouldstillbeabenefitforwomenwhostophavingbabiestoincreasetheirgeneticfootprintbyhelpingtheirdaughterstoraiselargerfamilies.Toexplorethe“grandmothereffect”hypothesis(假设)，Bergeronandhiscolleaguesexaminednearly200years'worthofFrench­Canadianpopulationrecordsfromthe17thand18thcenturies.“Atthetime，lifewastough.Insomeyears，athirdofthekidswerenotevenmakingittooneyearofage.”Buttheresearchersfoundthathavingagrandmotherstillalivewasadefiniteplus.“Familieswithgrandmothersalivewerelargerbyabouttwoandthesurvivalofthesegrandchildrentoage15wasmuchimproved.”Thisbeneficialeffectwasonlyseenwhenthematriarchs(女家长)livednearby.Thatroleistoughertofulfillastheygetolderinpoorhealth，whichbringsustothesecondstudy.Theresearchersfoundthatthebenefitsassociatedwithhavingagrandmotheronhanddependedonherage.OncetheGrandmahit75，thegrandchildsurvivalbenefitdisappeared.Thiswasalmostcertainlyduetosomeformofindirectresourcecompetition，though，ratherthanwickedness(邪恶)onthepartofcoresidentgrandmothers.Soahealthygrandmahelpsmakeforahealthygrandchild.If“overtheriverandthroughthewoodstograndmother'shouse”isn'ttoolongatrip.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，有外祖母在身边是有好处的。但其好处取决于她的年龄，一旦她到了75岁，外孙的生存优势就消失了。5．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Differencesbetweenanimalsandhumanbeings.B．Disadvantagesoflivingwithgrandmothers.C．Grandmothers'influenceonthekids.D．What'scalledthe“grandmothereffect”．D[考查段落大意。通读第二段可知，该段第三句“Thisincreaseisoftenexplainedbythesocalled‘grandmothereffect'”为主题句；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了什么是“外祖母效应”，故D项正确。]6．HowdoesthewriterdescribethesituationoftheFrench­Canadianpopulationmorethanthreehundredyearsago?A．Byvoicingopinions.B．Byprovidingfacts.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bytellingstories.B[考查写作手法。根据第三段内容可知，作者提供了有关十七世纪和十八世纪法裔加拿大人的人口记录的研究情况——那时的生活很艰难，在一些年份，三分之一的孩子甚至活不到一岁。但外祖母还健在的家庭其人口增加了两个，这些外孙活到15岁的概率也大大提高。据此可知，作者是通过陈述事实来描述法裔加拿大人的人口情况的，故B项正确。]7．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondstudy?A．Societyshouldbeconcernedabouttheoldwomen.B．Grandmothersover75yearsoldareunwillingtohelp.C．Somegrandmothersmayoccupykids'relativeresources.D．Somegrandmothersaregettingwickedaftertheyareold.C[考查推理判断。根据第四段最后两句“OncetheGrandmahit75...onthepartofcoresidentgrandmothers”可知，外祖母一旦到了75岁，其外孙的生存优势就消失了；几乎可以肯定的是，这是由于某种形式的间接资源竞争，而不是共同居住的外祖母的恶意。据此可以推断，年龄较大的外祖母可能占用了孩子们的相关资源，从而导致外孙的生存优势消失，故C项正确。]8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethemosthelpfulgrandmotheraccordingtothepassage?A．Ahealthyonelivingnearby.B．Ahealthyonelivingabroad.C．Anoldonelivinginanursinghome.D．Aknowledgeableonelivingtogether.A[考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，外祖母能提高外孙的存活率，除非外祖母年纪太大或者住得太远。又结合最后一段的内容可以推断，居住在附近的健康外祖母是最有帮助的外祖母，故A项正确。]Task2七选五Makingotherpeoplefeelgoodfeelsgood，and，bestofall，itrequireslittlemorethanagenerousheart.Studiesshowthatpeoplefeelhappierwhentheydosomethingkindforanotherperson，andbothrecipientsandgooddeeddoerscangetthebenefits.ItisasmartideatocreatethisWorldKindnessDay.1·Learnafriend'slanguage.Pickingupabitofafriendorcoworker'sfirstlanguageandspeakingitwiththemshowthemthatyoucareandtakeaninterestintheirexperiences.Makingsomeonefeelincludedandrespectedwillgivesomeoneagreatersenseofbelonging，anessentialcomponentofhappiness.·2Reachingouttosomeoneforthefirsttimeinalongtimecanbeaninstantremedy(治疗)forwhatevertroublesyou.It'sassimpleasatext，anoteoraFaceTimecall.Letsomeoneknowyou'rethinkingofthem，evenaftersometimeapart.Studiessuggeststrongbondscanimprovephysicalhealth，too.·Genuinelycompliment(赞美)someone.Arespectfulcommentthatcomesfromtheheartaboutsomeone'suniquehairstyle，excellentperformanceinaconcertortheirgreatsolutiontoaproblematworkmightbeallittakestoimprovesomeone'smood.3·Collecttrashyouseearoundyourneighborhood.Pickinguptrashandrecyclablesoffthe