高中英语被动语态讲解及习题

被动语态的构成？？?楸动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。？？?葭般现在时：am/is/are+taught???葭般过去时：was/were+taught???葭般将来时：will/shall?be+taught???现在进彳T时：am/is/are?bein什taught???他去进彳T时：have/has?bee什taught???现在完成时：have/has?bee什taught????????注意：区分被动语态与“be+去分词”结构????be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态，动作的对象是主语；当“be?+去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：？？??1,及口果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。The?glass?is?broken系表结构）?The?glass?was?broken?by?the?boy^动语态）????2?,如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态The?magazine?is?published?in??Shanghai.（被动语态）The?door?is?locked.系表结构）The?door?has?already/just?been?lockedfe（动语态）The?shop?is?opened.系表结构）?The?shop?is?opened?at?8?a.m.?everydayS勒语态）？3?,被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。？？??e、被动语态的用法？？??1杯知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。?Some?new?computers?were?stolen?last?night.?This?book?was?published?in?1981.????2?虽调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。?This?book?was?written?by?him.?Eight?hours?per?day?for?sleep?must?be?guaranteed.?研、主动语态变被动语态的方法？？??1甘巴主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。？？??2不巴谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词），根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主？尔语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。？？??3?把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。All?the?people?laughed?at?him.=?He?was?laughed?at?by?all?people.????They?make?the?bikes?in?the?factory.=?The?bikes?are?madeby?themin?the?factory.?????加、含有情态动词的被动语态？？?给有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to（0要保留。？？We?can?repair?this?watch?in?two?days.?=?This?watch?can?be?repaired?in?two?days.????You?ought?to?take?it?away.?=?It?ought?to?be?taken?away.??They?should?do?it?at?once.?=?It?should?be?done?at?once?一.选择填空Insomecountries,teawithmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedGreatchangesinmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplaceThenewtypeofcarisgoingtointhreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedoutThewomanmurderedherfriendandto.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die一Doyouliketheskirt—Itsoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltAreyoustillhereYouwerehereanhourago.WhoforA.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwaittoknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays一Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.一Sorry,already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentakenTheletterthreedaysagoandityesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrivedHetoldmethatthefinalexaminationnextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven三.Correctthesesentences3（正下歹!J句子）Thishousebuilt100yearsago.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.WhydidthelettersendtothewrongaddressAgarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.WhereareyoubornHowmanylanguagesarespeakinginSwitzerlandSomebodybrokeintoourhousebutnothingstolen.Whenwasinventedthebicycle四.填空（完成被动语态填空）Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.改为被动语态)Theirclassroomoftenbythemafterschool.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.同上()AnewpenTomlastweek.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.同上()EnglishbyalotofpeopleinChinanow.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.同上()Englishforabouttwoyears.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.(同上)Thesestory-booksnextmonth.Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered.我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。Webothbelievethatthroughvigilanceandstrength,inyourwords,awarcanbepostponed,andinourwords,warcanbeavoided.我们都认为，有了警惕和实力，用你们的话来说，可以推迟战争；用我们的话来说，可以避免战争。3，Wearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbysocialism.社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。Productsofthefactoryarewellreceivedbythewidecustomers.该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。Hewasdismissedforbeingtoolazy.他太懒了，结果给/被开除了。Thelectureisconsideredveryimportantforbeginners.大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。Thenewbuildinghavingbeeninstalled,myworktherewasdone.新的房子建好后，我的任务也就完成了。8，Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundonearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。倒装句练习翻译.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会,?而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。?.?我从没对别人的帮助感到如此感激过。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z?3.尽管我是位学生,我积累了大量的经验。?4，只有当政府与公民携手,我们才希望能保护好我们的环境。?.我当时要是你,我会控制好情绪,学会倾听。?.这场舞会将会异常精彩,我希望你不要错过。.?我一到家就开始怀念我在美国的生活。??8.【书信】直到我参加工作,我才意识到高中应该多练习口语。?选择?and?caught?the?mouse.?A.?Up?the?cat?jumped??B.?The?cat?up?jumped???C.?Up?jumped?the?cat???D.?Jumped?up?the?cat??and?the?lesson?began.?A.?In?came?Mr?Brown???B.?Mr?Brown?in?came????C.?In?came?he???????D.?came?in?Mr?Brown?3.Over??,?dead.?A.?rolling?the?goat????B.?rolled?the?goat????C.?did?the?goat?roll????D.?the?goat?rolledTOC\o"1-5"\h\z?4.—Where?is?my?shirt,?mum?—.A.?There?is?it???B.?There?it?is???C.?There?is???D.?Here?is?it?5.?—Where?is?your?father?—Oh,?.??A.?here?he?comes??????B.?he?here?comes????C.?here?does?he?come?????D.?here?comes?he?.The?door?opened?and?there??.?A.?enters?an?old?man????????B.?entered?an?old?man???C.?did?an?old?man?enter??????D.?an?old?man?entered?.?Now??your?turn?to?recite?the?text.??A.?will?come???B.?comes???C.?has?come???D.?there?is8.Often??them?not?to?smoke?here.?A.?we?advised?B.?advised?me??C.?did?we?advise?D.?had?we?advised?9.?playing?soldiers.?A.?Inside?the?room?were?two?boys?????B.?Inside?the?room?two?boys?C.?Were?two?boys?inside?the?room?D.?Inside?the?room?was?two?boys?10.?On?the?wall??two?large?portraits.??A.?are?hanging???B.?hanged???C.?hang???D.?hangs??11.?who?was?wounded?in?the?stomach.?A.?Among?them?were?a?soldier??????B.?Among?them?was?a?soldier?C.?Among?them?a?soldier?was???????D.?Among?they?was?a?soldier?12.?Next?door?to?ours??,?who?is?no?less?than?eighty.??A.?that?lives?an?old?man??????B.?does?an?old?man?live??C.?lives?an?old?man??????????D.?where?lives?an?old?man?13.She?plays?the?piano?very?well,?.??A.?so?every?one?of?us?does???????B.?every?one?of?us?does??C.?so?does?every?one?of?us???????D.?so?do?every?one?of?us?TOC\o"1-5"\h\z14.You?say?he?works?hard,?,?and?.?A.?so?he?does;?so?you?do???????B.?so?he?does;?so?do?you??C.?so?does?he;?so?do?you???????D.?so?does?he;?so?you?do?15.?—I?thought?you?women?were?present?at?the?meeting—.?.????A.?So?we?were??????B.?So?we?did?????C.?So?were?we??????D.?So?did?we16.I?don’t?think?Jack?will?come?today,?.???A.?nor?will?Mary?????B.?and?Mary?doesn’t?????C.?Mary?will?either??????D.?or?Mary?does17.?She?is?fond?of?cooking,?I?.??A.?so?am????B.?nor?am????C.?neither?do????D.?nor?do?18.Marx?was?born?in?Germany?and?German?was?his?native?language?.??A.?So?it?was?with?Engles?????B.?So?was?it?with?Engles??C.?So?was?Engles????????????D.?So?did?Engles?19.A?fish?needs?water?and?without?water?it?will?die..??A.?So?does?a?man???????B.?So?will?a?man?????C.?So?it?is?with?a?man?????D.?So?is?it?with?a?man?20.?So?absorbed?___the?work?that?she?often?forgot?to?___?her?meals.?A.?had?she?been?in;?do??????B.?she?was?in;?make???C.?was?she?in;?take????????D.?she?had?been?in??have?21.So?loudly??that?every?one?of?the?class?could?hear?him.??A.?did?he?speak???B.?did?he?spoke???C.?spoke?he???D.?he?spoke?22.??his?appearance?that?no?one?could?recognize?him.?A.?Strange?so?was?????B.?So?strange?was????C.?Was?so?strange?????D.?So?was?strange?23.Not?once??their?plan.?A.?did?they?change??????B.?they?changed?????C.?changed?they????????D.?they?did?change?24.?Never??such?a?wonderful?place?as?H